Ross Surname Project - User contributions [en]

Template:Cite press release/doc

2026-08-11T07:16:35Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Documentation subpage}}
{{for|the cleanup template|Template:Cleanup press release}}
{{csdoc|lua}}
{{csdoc|cs1}}
{{csdoc|lead|[[press release]]s}}

== Usage ==
{{csdoc|usage}}
{{csdoc|usage common}}
;To cite a press release with a credited author
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">{{cite press release |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |agency= |access-date=}}</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite a press release with no credited author
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">{{cite press release |author= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |agency= |access-date=}}</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite an online press release that has been archived
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">{{cite press release |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |location= |publisher= |agency= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=}}</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite a press release written in a foreign language
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">{{cite press release |last= |first= |date= |title= |url= |trans-title= |language= |location= |publisher= |agency= |access-date=}}</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language press release re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">{{cite press release |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date= |title= |url= |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |language= |location= |publisher= |agency= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote=}}</syntaxhighlight>
{{end}}

{{csdoc|usage full}}
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">{{cite press release |last1= |first1= |author-link1= |last2= |first2= |author-link2= |display-authors= |author-mask1= |author-mask2= |collaboration= |df= |date= |year= |orig-date= |orig-year= |location= |editor-last1= |editor-first1= |editor-link1= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |display-editors= |editor-mask1= |editor-mask2= |title= |script-title= |title-link= |url= |url-access= |trans-title= |format= |department= |work= |script-work= |trans-work= |type= |series= |language= |interviewer-last1= |interviewer-first1= |interviewer-link1= |interviewer-last2= |interviewer-first2= |interviewer-link2= |display-interviewers= |interviewer-mask1= |interviewer-mask2= |translator-last1= |translator-first1= |translator-link1= |translator-last2= |translator-first2= |translator-link2= |display-translators= |translator-mask1= |translator-mask2= |others= |name-list-style= |edition= |publication-place= |publisher= |publication-date= |agency= |minutes= |time-caption= |time= |page= |pages= |at= |no-pp= |arxiv= |asin= |asin-tld= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi= |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |eissn= |hdl= |hdl-access= |isbn= |ismn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |medrxiv= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmc-embargo-date= |pmid= |rfc= |sbn= |ssrn= |s2cid= |s2cid-access= |zbl= |id= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-format= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |quote-page= |quote-pages= |quote= |script-quote= |trans-quote= |mode= |ref= |postscript=}}</syntaxhighlight>
{{end}}

{{csdoc|usage vertical common}}

;To cite a press release with a credited author
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">
{{cite press release
|last =
|first =
|date =
|title =
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|agency =
|access-date =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite a press release with no credited author
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">
{{cite press release
|author = 
|date =
|title =
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|agency =
|access-date =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite an online press release that has been archived
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">
{{cite press release
|last =
|first =
|date =
|title =
|url =
|location =
|publisher =
|agency =
|url-status =
|archive-url =
|archive-date =
|access-date =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite a press release written in a foreign language
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">
{{cite press release
|last =
|first =
|date =
|title =
|url =
|trans-title =
|language =
|location =
|publisher =
|agency =
|access-date =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>

;To cite and quote an archived, two-author, foreign language press release re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">
{{cite press release
|last1 =
|first1 =
|last2 =
|first2 =
|date =
|title =
|url =
|url-access =
|trans-title =
|format =
|language =
|location =
|publisher =
|agency =
|url-status =
|archive-url =
|archive-date =
|access-date =
|via =
|quote =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
{{end}}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Full parameter set in vertical format
! Parameters !! Prerequisites !! Brief instructions / notes !! Vertical list
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: last; surname1; surname; author-last1; author1-last; author-last; author-surname1; author1-surname; author-surname; author1; author; subject-last1; subject1-last; subject-last; subject-surname1; subject1-surname; subject-surname; subject1; and subject}}
|
| Author's last name or single name author. Don't link.
| rowspan="121" style="vertical-align:top;" | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" copy="1">
{{cite press release
|last1 =
|first1 =
|author-link1 =
|last2 =
|first2 =
|author-link2 =
|display-authors =
|author-mask1 =
|author-mask2 =
|collaboration =
|df =
|date =
|year =
|orig-date =
|orig-year =
|location =
|editor-last1 =
|editor-first1 =
|editor-link1 =
|editor-last2 =
|editor-first2 =
|editor-link2 =
|display-editors =
|editor-mask1 =
|editor-mask2 =
|title =
|script-title =
|title-link =
|url =
|url-access =
|trans-title =
|format =
|department =
|work =
|script-work =
|trans-work =
|type =
|series =
|language =
|interviewer-last1 =
|interviewer-first1 =
|interviewer-link1 =
|interviewer-last2 =
|interviewer-first2 =
|interviewer-link2 =
|display-interviewers =
|interviewer-mask1 =
|interviewer-mask2 =
|translator-last1 =
|translator-first1 =
|translator-link1 =
|translator-last2 =
|translator-first2 =
|translator-link2 =
|display-translators =
|translator-mask1 =
|translator-mask2 =
|others =
|name-list-style =
|edition =
|publication-place =
|publisher =
|publication-date =
|agency =
|minutes =
|time-caption =
|time =
|page =
|pages =
|at =
|no-pp =
|arxiv =
|asin =
|asin-tld =
|bibcode =
|bibcode-access =
|biorxiv =
|citeseerx =
|doi =
|doi-access =
|doi-broken-date =
|eissn =
|hdl =
|hdl-access =
|isbn =
|ismn =
|issn =
|jfm =
|jstor =
|jstor-access =
|lccn =
|medrxiv =
|mr =
|oclc =
|ol =
|ol-access =
|osti =
|osti-access =
|pmc =
|pmc-embargo-date =
|pmid =
|rfc =
|sbn =
|ssrn =
|s2cid =
|s2cid-access =
|zbl =
|id =
|url-status =
|archive-url =
|archive-format =
|archive-date =
|access-date =
|via =
|quote-page =
|quote-pages =
|quote =
|script-quote =
|trans-quote =
|mode =
|ref =
|postscript =
}}
</syntaxhighlight>
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|first1}}|or any of its aliases, including: first; given1; given; author-first1; author1-first; author-first; author-given1; author1-given; author-given; subject-first1; subject1-first; subject-first; subject-given1; subject1-given; subject-given; host1; and host}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: last; surname1; surname; author-last1; author1-last; author-last; author-surname1; author1-surname; author-surname; author1; author; subject-last1; subject1-last; subject-last; subject-surname1; subject1-surname; subject-surname; subject1; and subject}}
| Author's first name. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|author-link1}}|or any of its aliases, including: author1-link; author-link; authorlink1; author1link; authorlink; subject-link1; subject1-link; and subject-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: last; surname1; surname; author-last1; author1-last; author-last; author-surname1; author1-surname; author-surname; author1; author; subject-last1; subject1-last; subject-last; subject-surname1; subject1-surname; subject-surname; subject1; and subject}}
| Title of Wikipedia article about the first author. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: surname2; author-last2; author2-last; author-surname2; author2-surname; author2; subject-last2; subject2-last; subject-surname2; subject2-surname; and subject2}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: last; surname1; surname; author-last1; author1-last; author-last; author-surname1; author1-surname; author-surname; author1; author; subject-last1; subject1-last; subject-last; subject-surname1; subject1-surname; subject-surname; subject1; and subject}}
| Like <code>last1</code>, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: <code>last3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|first2}}|or any of its aliases, including: given2; author-first2; author2-first; author-given2; author2-given; subject-first2; subject2-first; subject-given2; subject2-given; and host2}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: surname2; author-last2; author2-last; author-surname2; author2-surname; author2; subject-last2; subject2-last; subject-surname2; subject2-surname; and subject2}}
| Like <code>first1</code>, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: <code>first3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|author-link2}}|or any of its aliases, including: author2-link; authorlink2; author2link; subject-link2; and subject2-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: surname2; author-last2; author2-last; author-surname2; author2-surname; author2; subject-last2; subject2-last; subject-surname2; subject2-surname; and subject2}}
| Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 2nd author. Don't link. Similar: <code>author-link3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|display-authors}}|or alias display-subjects}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: last; surname1; surname; author-last1; author1-last; author-last; author-surname1; author1-surname; author-surname; author1; author; subject-last1; subject1-last; subject-last; subject-surname1; subject1-surname; subject-surname; subject1; and subject}}
| Number (number of authors displayed) or <code>etal</code> (more authors)
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|author-mask1}}|or any of its aliases, including: author1-mask; author-mask; subject-mask1; subject1-mask; and subject-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: last; surname1; surname; author-last1; author1-last; author-last; author-surname1; author1-surname; author-surname; author1; author; subject-last1; subject1-last; subject-last; subject-surname1; subject1-surname; subject-surname; subject1; and subject}}
| rowspan="2" | See [[#Display options|Display options]] below; not for lists of cited works
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|author-mask2}}|or any of its aliases, including: author2-mask; subject-mask2; and subject2-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: surname2; author-last2; author2-last; author-surname2; author2-surname; author2; subject-last2; subject2-last; subject-surname2; subject2-surname; and subject2}}
|-
| <code>collaboration</code>
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: last; surname1; surname; author-last1; author1-last; author-last; author-surname1; author1-surname; author-surname; author1; author; subject-last1; subject1-last; subject-last; subject-surname1; subject1-surname; subject-surname; subject1; and subject}}
|-
| <code>df</code> || ||
|-
| <code>date</code> || ||
|-
| <code>year</code> || ||
|-
| <code>orig-date</code> || <code>date</code> or <code>year</code> ||
|-
| <code>orig-year</code> || <code>date</code> or <code>year</code> ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|location}}|or alias place}} || {{tooltip|{{codett|publisher}}|or alias institution}} || can be used for written-at location when <code>publication-place</code> is used for publication place
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-last; editor-last; editor1; editor; editor-surname1; editor1-surname; and editor-surname}}
|
| Like <code>last1</code>, but for editor. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-first1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-first; editor-first; editor-given1; editor1-given; and editor-given}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-last; editor-last; editor1; editor; editor-surname1; editor1-surname; and editor-surname}}
| Like <code>first1</code>, but for editor. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-link1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-link; and editor-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-last; editor-last; editor1; editor; editor-surname1; editor1-surname; and editor-surname}}
| Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for editor. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor2-last; editor2; editor-surname2; and editor2-surname}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-last; editor-last; editor1; editor; editor-surname1; editor1-surname; and editor-surname}}
| Like <code>last1</code>, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: <code>editor-last3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-first2}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor2-first; editor-given2; and editor2-given}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor2-last; editor2; editor-surname2; and editor2-surname}}
| Like <code>first1</code>, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: <code>editor-first3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-link2}}|or alias editor2-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor2-last; editor2; editor-surname2; and editor2-surname}}
| Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 2nd editor. Don't link. Similar: <code>editor-link3</code>, etc.
|-
| <code>display-editors</code>
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-last; editor-last; editor1; editor; editor-surname1; editor1-surname; and editor-surname}}
| Like <code>display-authors</code>, but for editors
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-mask1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-mask; and editor-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor1-last; editor-last; editor1; editor; editor-surname1; editor1-surname; and editor-surname}}
| rowspan="2" | See [[#Display options|Display options]] below; not for lists of cited works
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-mask2}}|or alias editor2-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|editor-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: editor2-last; editor2; editor-surname2; and editor2-surname}}
|-
| <code>title</code> || || This parameter is required.
|-
| <code>script-title</code> || ||
|-
| <code>title-link</code> || <code>title</code> or <code>script-title</code> || Name of a Wikipedia article about the work. Do not use if <code>url</code> is provided
|-
| <code>url</code> || <code>title</code> or <code>script-title</code> || Do not use if <code>title-link</code> is provided
|-
| <code>url-access</code> || <code>url</code> ||
|-
| <code>trans-title</code> || <code>title</code> or <code>script-title</code> ||
|-
| <code>format</code> || <code>url</code> ||
|-
| <code>department</code> || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|work}}|or any of its aliases, including: journal; magazine; newspaper; periodical; and website}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|script-work}}|or any of its aliases, including: script-journal; script-magazine; script-newspaper; script-periodical; and script-website}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|trans-work}}|or any of its aliases, including: trans-journal; trans-magazine; trans-newspaper; trans-periodical; and trans-website}} || {{tooltip|{{codett|work}}|or any of its aliases, including: journal; magazine; newspaper; periodical; and website}} or {{tooltip|{{codett|script-work}}|or any of its aliases, including: script-journal; script-magazine; script-newspaper; script-periodical; and script-website}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|type}}|or alias medium}} || || Note that if not set, this parameter shows the words "Press release" by default.
|-
| <code>series</code> || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|language}}|or alias lang}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-last; interviewer-last; interviewer1; interviewer; interviewer-surname1; interviewer1-surname; and interviewer-surname}}
|
| Like <code>last1</code>, but for interviewer. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-first1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-first; interviewer-first; interviewer-given1; interviewer1-given; and interviewer-given}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-last; interviewer-last; interviewer1; interviewer; interviewer-surname1; interviewer1-surname; and interviewer-surname}}
| Like <code>first1</code>, but for interviewer. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-link1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-link; and interviewer-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-last; interviewer-last; interviewer1; interviewer; interviewer-surname1; interviewer1-surname; and interviewer-surname}}
| Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for interviewer. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer2-last; interviewer2; interviewer-surname2; and interviewer2-surname}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-last; interviewer-last; interviewer1; interviewer; interviewer-surname1; interviewer1-surname; and interviewer-surname}}
| Like <code>last1</code>, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: <code>interviewer-last3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-first2}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer2-first; interviewer-given2; and interviewer2-given}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer2-last; interviewer2; interviewer-surname2; and interviewer2-surname}}
| Like <code>first1</code>, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: <code>interviewer-first3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-link2}}|or alias interviewer2-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer2-last; interviewer2; interviewer-surname2; and interviewer2-surname}}
| Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 2nd interviewer. Don't link. Similar: <code>interviewer-link3</code>, etc.
|-
| <code>display-interviewers</code>
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-last; interviewer-last; interviewer1; interviewer; interviewer-surname1; interviewer1-surname; and interviewer-surname}}
| Like <code>display-authors</code>, but for interviewers
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-mask1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-mask; and interviewer-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer1-last; interviewer-last; interviewer1; interviewer; interviewer-surname1; interviewer1-surname; and interviewer-surname}}
| rowspan="2" | See [[#Display options|Display options]] below; not for lists of cited works
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-mask2}}|or alias interviewer2-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|interviewer-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: interviewer2-last; interviewer2; interviewer-surname2; and interviewer2-surname}}
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-last; translator-last; translator1; translator; translator-surname1; translator1-surname; and translator-surname}}
|
| Like <code>last1</code>, but for translator. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-first1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-first; translator-first; translator-given1; translator1-given; and translator-given}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-last; translator-last; translator1; translator; translator-surname1; translator1-surname; and translator-surname}}
| Like <code>first1</code>, but for translator. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-link1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-link; and translator-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-last; translator-last; translator1; translator; translator-surname1; translator1-surname; and translator-surname}}
| Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for translator. Don't link.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator2-last; translator2; translator-surname2; and translator2-surname}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-last; translator-last; translator1; translator; translator-surname1; translator1-surname; and translator-surname}}
| Like <code>last1</code>, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: <code>translator-last3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-first2}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator2-first; translator-given2; and translator2-given}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator2-last; translator2; translator-surname2; and translator2-surname}}
| Like <code>first1</code>, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: <code>translator-first3</code>, etc.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-link2}}|or alias translator2-link}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator2-last; translator2; translator-surname2; and translator2-surname}}
| Like <code>author-link1</code>, but for 2nd translator. Don't link. Similar: <code>translator-link3</code>, etc.
|-
| <code>display-translators</code>
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-last; translator-last; translator1; translator; translator-surname1; translator1-surname; and translator-surname}}
| Like <code>display-authors</code>, but for translators
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-mask1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-mask; and translator-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last1}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator1-last; translator-last; translator1; translator; translator-surname1; translator1-surname; and translator-surname}}
| rowspan="2" | See [[#Display options|Display options]] below; not for lists of cited works
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-mask2}}|or alias translator2-mask}}
| {{tooltip|{{codett|translator-last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: translator2-last; translator2; translator-surname2; and translator2-surname}}
|-
| <code>others</code> || ||
|-
| <code>name-list-style</code>
| {{tooltip|{{codett|last2}}|or any of its aliases, including: surname2; author-last2; author2-last; author-surname2; author2-surname; author2; subject-last2; subject2-last; subject-surname2; subject2-surname; and subject2}}
| Set to <code>amp</code> or <code>ampersand</code> to separate the last author with {{nowrap|"<code> & </code>"}}; set to <code>and</code> to separate with {{nowrap|"<code> and </code>"}}
|-
| <code>edition</code> || ||
|-
| <code>publication-place</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|publisher}}|or alias institution}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|publisher}}|or alias institution}} || ||
|-
| <code>publication-date</code> || ||
|-
| <code>agency</code> || ||
|-
| <code>minutes</code> || ||
|-
| <code>time-caption</code> || <code>time</code> ||
|-
| <code>time</code> || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|page}}|or alias p}} || || choose one: <code>page</code>, <code>pages</code>, or <code>at</code>
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|pages}}|or alias pp}} || || choose one: <code>page</code>, <code>pages</code>, or <code>at</code>. Use when content on multiple pages supports the article text.
|-
| <code>at</code> || || choose one: <code>page</code>, <code>pages</code>, or <code>at</code>
|-
| <code>no-pp</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|page}}|or alias p}} or {{tooltip|{{codett|pages}}|or alias pp}} || set to "yes" to suppress the "p." or "pp." before page numbers
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|arxiv}}|or alias eprint}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|asin}}|or alias ASIN}} || ||
|-
| <code>asin-tld</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|asin}}|or alias ASIN}} ||
|-
| <code>bibcode</code> || ||
|-
| <code>biorxiv</code> || ||
|-
| <code>citeseerx</code> || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|doi}}|or alias DOI}} || ||
|-
| <code>doi-access</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|doi}}|or alias DOI}} ||
|-
| <code>doi-broken-date</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|doi}}|or alias DOI}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|eissn}}|or alias EISSN}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|hdl}}|or alias HDL}} || ||
|-
| <code>hdl-access</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|hdl}}|or alias HDL}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|isbn}}|or alias ISBN}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|ismn}}|or alias ISMN}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|issn}}|or alias ISSN}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|jfm}}|or alias JFM}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|jstor}}|or alias JSTOR}} || ||
|-
| <code>jstor-access</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|jstor}}|or alias JSTOR}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|lccn}}|or alias LCCN}} || ||
|-
| <code>medrxiv</code> || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|mr}}|or alias MR}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|oclc}}|or alias OCLC}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|ol}}|or alias OL}} || ||
|-
| <code>ol-access</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|ol}}|or alias OL}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|osti}}|or alias OSTI}} || ||
|-
| <code>osti-access</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|osti}}|or alias OSTI}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|pmc}}|or alias PMC}} || ||
|-
| <code>pmc-embargo-date</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|pmc}}|or alias PMC}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|pmid}}|or alias PMID}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|rfc}}|or alias RFC}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|sbn}}|or alias SBN}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|ssrn}}|or alias SSRN}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|s2cid}}|or alias S2CID}} || ||
|-
| <code>s2cid-access</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|s2cid}}|or alias S2CID}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|zbl}}|or alias ZBL}} || ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|id}}|or alias ID}} || ||
|-
| <code>url-status</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|archive-url}}|or alias archiveurl}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|archive-url}}|or alias archiveurl}} || {{tooltip|{{codett|archive-date}}|or alias archiveurl}}, <code>url</code> ||
|-
| <code>archive-format</code> || {{tooltip|{{codett|archive-url}}|or alias archiveurl}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|archive-date}}|or alias archivedate}} || {{tooltip|{{codett|archive-url}}|or alias archiveurl}} ||
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|access-date}}|or alias accessdate}} || <code>url</code> ||
|-
| <code>via</code> || ||
|-
| <code>quote-page</code> || || choose one: <code>quote-page</code>, <code>quote-pages</code>
|-
| <code>quote-pages</code> || || choose one: <code>quote-page</code>, <code>quote-pages</code>. Use when quote contains contents from multiple pages.
|-
| {{tooltip|{{codett|quote}}|or alias quotation}} || ||
|-
| <code>script-quote</code> || ||
|-
| <code>trans-quote</code> || ||
|-
| <code>mode</code> || || <code>cs1</code> or <code>cs2</code>
|-
| <code>ref</code> || ||
|-
| <code>postscript</code> || ||
|-
| colspan="4" style="text-align: center" | If a field name is listed in the '''Prerequisites''' column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left.
|}

=== Examples ===
'''A press release with a credited author'''
* <code><nowiki>{{cite press release |last=Roithmayr |first=Mark |date=February 5, 2007 |title=Autism Speaks and Cure Autism Now Complete Merger |url=http://autismspeaks.org/press/autism_speaks_can_complete.php |location=New York |publisher=Autism Speaks |access-date=November 19, 2007}}</nowiki></code>
: {{cite press release |last=Roithmayr |first=Mark |date=February 5, 2007 |title=Autism Speaks and Cure Autism Now Complete Merger |url=http://autismspeaks.org/press/autism_speaks_can_complete.php |location=New York |publisher=Autism Speaks |access-date=November 19, 2007 |ref=none}}

'''A press release with no credited author'''
* <code><nowiki>{{cite press release |author= |title=Sprint 4G LTE Lights Up in 11 New Cities and Counties in Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia |url=http://newsroom.sprint.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2468 |location=Overland Park, Kansas |publisher=Sprint Nextel |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=November 28, 2012}}</nowiki></code>
: {{cite press release |author= |title=Sprint 4G LTE Lights Up in 11 New Cities and Counties in Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia |url=http://newsroom.sprint.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2468 |location=Overland Park, Kansas |publisher=Sprint Nextel |date=November 26, 2012 |access-date=November 28, 2012 |ref=none}}

'''An online press release that has been archived'''
* <code><nowiki>{{cite press release |author= |title=Burberry Uses iPhone 5s To Capture Spring / Summer 2014 Runway Show |url=http://www.burberryplc.com/media_centre/press_releases/2013/burberry-uses-iphone-5s-to-capture-spring--summer-2014-runway-show |url-status=live |location=Cupertino, California and London |publisher=Burberry Group |date=September 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022112607/http://www.burberryplc.com/media_centre/press_releases/2013/burberry-uses-iphone-5s-to-capture-spring--summer-2014-runway-show |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |access-date=November 15, 2013}}</nowiki></code>
: {{cite press release |author= |title=Burberry Uses iPhone 5s To Capture Spring / Summer 2014 Runway Show |url=http://www.burberryplc.com/media_centre/press_releases/2013/burberry-uses-iphone-5s-to-capture-spring--summer-2014-runway-show |url-status=live |location=Cupertino, California and London |publisher=Burberry Group |date=September 13, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022112607/http://www.burberryplc.com/media_centre/press_releases/2013/burberry-uses-iphone-5s-to-capture-spring--summer-2014-runway-show |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |access-date=November 15, 2013}}

'''A press release written in a foreign language'''
* <code><nowiki>{{cite press release |author= |title=General Motors de México Refuerza Su Compromiso con el Medio Ambiente y Realiza un Año Más Actividades de Reforestación |trans-title=General Motors of Mexico Marks Its Commitment to the Environment and Marks One Year of Reforestation Activities |url=http://media.gm.com/content/media/mk/en/chevrolet/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/mx/es/2013/Aug/0820-reforestacion.html |language=Spanish |location=Mexico City, Mexico |publisher=General Motors Company |date=August 20, 2013 |access-date=October 16, 2013}}</nowiki></code>
: {{cite press release |author= |title=General Motors de México Refuerza Su Compromiso con el Medio Ambiente y Realiza un Año Más Actividades de Reforestación |trans-title=General Motors of Mexico Marks Its Commitment to the Environment and Marks One Year of Reforestation Activities |url=http://media.gm.com/content/media/mk/en/chevrolet/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/mx/es/2013/Aug/0820-reforestacion.html |language=Spanish |location=Mexico City, Mexico |publisher=General Motors Company |date=August 20, 2013 |access-date=October 16, 2013}}

'''An archived, two-author, foreign language press release re-published as a PDF on an information aggregation service requiring a subscription'''
* <code><nowiki>{{cite press release |last1=Thompson |first1=Walter |last2=Mittlebrun |first2=Angela |date=June 15, 1990 |title=Das Internet ist selbstverständlich nicht auf Fang |trans-title=The Internet Will Not Catch On |url=http://forschungsinstitut.de/internet.html |format=PDF |language=German |location=Bonn, Germany |publisher=Forschungs Institut Stiftung |access-date=August 17, 2012 |via=[[HighBeam Research]] |url-access=subscription |quote=Internet-Nutzung wird erwartet, dass für den Rest des Jahrzehnts zurückgehen.}}{{dead link|date=May 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</nowiki></code>
: {{cite press release |last1=Thompson |first1=Walter |last2=Mittlebrun |first2=Angela |date=June 15, 1990 |title=Das Internet ist selbstverständlich nicht auf Fang |trans-title=The Internet Will Not Catch On |url=http://forschungsinstitut.de/internet.html |format=PDF |language=German |location=Bonn, Germany |publisher=Forschungs Institut Stiftung |access-date=August 17, 2012 |via=[[HighBeam Research]] |url-access=subscription |quote=Internet-Nutzung wird erwartet, dass für den Rest des Jahrzehnts zurückgehen.}}{{dead link|date=May 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

== Parameters ==
=== Syntax ===
{{csdoc|syntax}}
{{csdoc|sep_period}}

=== COinS ===
{{csdoc|coins}}

=== What's new ===
{{csdoc|whats new}}

=== Deprecated ===
{{csdoc|deprecated}}

=== Description ===
==== Authors ====
{{csdoc|author|others=yes}}

==== Date ====
{{csdoc|date}}

==== Editors ====
{{csdoc|editor}}

==== Title ====
{{csdoc|title|title_format=quotes}}
{{csdoc|type|type_default=Press release}}
{{csdoc|language}}

==== <span class="anchor" id="url"></span>URL ====
{{csdoc|url}}

==== Periodical (work, newspaper, website) ====
{{csdoc|journal|issue=no|department=yes}}

==== Edition, series ====
{{csdoc|edition}}
{{csdoc|series}}

==== Publisher ====
{{csdoc|publisher}}
{{csdoc|agency}}

==== In-source locations ====
{{csdoc|time}}
{{csdoc|pages}}

==== Identifiers ====
{{distinguish|#Anchor}}
{{csdoc|id1}}
{{csdoc|id2}}

==== Subscription or registration required ====
{{csdoc|registration}}

==== Quote ====
{{csdoc|quote}}

==== Anchor ====
{{distinguish|#Identifiers}}
{{csdoc|ref}}

==== Display options ====
{{csdoc|display}}

== TemplateData ==
{{Warning |image=Stop hand nuvola.svg |This section contains configuration data used by editing tools and automated bots. Changes to this data can result in widespread and unintended effects. For more information see [[Help:Citation Style 1#TemplateData]]}}
{{TemplateData header}}
{{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|template_data_validate|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}
<templatedata>
{
"description": "This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations to press releases. N.B. Parameters have been provided for up to 3 authors; however, additional parameters up to 'last9', 'first9' and 'author-link9' can be added manually as parameters.",
"format": "{{_ |_=_}}",
"params": {
"title": {
"label": "Title",
"description": "Title of source. Displays in quotes.",
"type": "string",
"required": true
},
"date": {
"label": "Date",
"description": "Full date of source being referenced in the same format as other publication dates in the citations. Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after publisher.",
"type": "date",
"suggested": true
},
"publisher": {
"label": "Publisher",
"description": "Name of publisher. Not normally included for periodicals. Corporate designations such as 'Ltd', 'Inc' or 'GmbH' are not usually included. Displays after title.",
"type": "string",
"suggested": true
},
"location": {
"label": "Location of publication",
"description": "Geographical place of publication. Displays after the title.",
"type": "string"
},
"url": {
"label": "URL",
"description": "URL of an online location where the text of the publication can be found. Use of the access-date parameter is recommended.",
"type": "url",
"suggested": true
},
"quote": {
"label": "Quote",
"description": "Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote needs to include terminating punctuation.",
"type": "string"
},
"ref": {
"label": "Anchor ID",
"description": "ID for anchor, overrides the default anchor. A nonempty value |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID; such a linkable reference can be made the target of wikilinks to full references, especially useful in short citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. See anchors for Harvard referencing templates.",
"type": "string"
},
"language": {
"label": "Language",
"description": "If not English, the language the source is written in. Displays in parentheses with 'in' before the language name. Use the full language name; do not use icons or templates.",
"type": "string"
},
"via": {
"label": "Via",
"description": "Name of the content deliverer, if different from publisher",
"type": "string"
},
"last1": {
"label": "Last name 1",
"description": "Last name of the first author. To link to author article, use 'author-link1'.",
"aliases": [
"last"
],
"type": "string"
},
"first1": {
"label": "First name 1",
"description": "First name of the first author. To link to author article, use 'author-link1'.",
"aliases": [
"first"
]
},
"last2": {
"label": "Last name of second author",
"description": "For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link2'."
},
"first2": {
"label": "First name of second author",
"description": "For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link2'. "
},
"last3": {
"label": "Last name of third author",
"description": "For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link3'."
},
"first3": {
"label": "First name of third author",
"description": "For use when a work has up to nine authors. To link to author article, use 'author-link3'. "
},
"access-date": {
"label": "URL access date",
"description": "Full date when original URL was accessed; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; do not wikilink. Not required for web pages or linked documents that do not change; mainly of use for web pages that change frequently or have no publication date. ",
"type": "string",
"suggested": true
},
"url-status": {
"label": "URL status",
"description": "When the URL is still live, but preemptively archived, then set |url-status=live. This changes the display order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end.",
"type": "string"
},
"archive-url": {
"label": "Archive URL",
"description": "The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the url becomes unavailable. Requires parameter 'archive-date'. ",
"type": "url",
"suggested": true
},
"archive-date": {
"label": "Archive date",
"description": "Date when the original URL was archived. Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations; do not wikilink. Displays preceded by 'archived from the original on'. ",
"type": "date",
"suggested": true
},
"trans-title": {
"label": "English translation of source title",
"description": "English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended.",
"type": "string"
},
"author-link1": {
"label": "First author link",
"description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the first author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. ",
"type": "wiki-page-name",
"aliases": [
"author1-link",
"author-link"
]
},
"author-link2": {
"label": "Second author link",
"description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. ",
"type": "wiki-page-name",
"aliases": [
"author2-link"
]
},
"author-link3": {
"label": "Third author link",
"description": "Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. ",
"type": "wiki-page-name",
"aliases": [
"author3-link"
]
},
"page": {
"label": "Page",
"description": "Page number of relevant information.",
"type": "string"
},
"pages": {
"label": "Pages",
"description": "Pages of relevant information.",
"type": "string"
},
"at": {
"label": "At",
"description": "Placement of relevant information.",
"type": "string"
},
"type": {
"label": "Type",
"type": "string",
"deprecated": "\"Press release\" displays automatically."
},
"df": {
"label": "Date format",
"description": "Sets rendered dates to the specified format",
"type": "string"
},
"trans-quote": {
"label": "English translation of quote",
"description": "English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets.",
"type": "string"
},
"id": {
"label": "id",
"description": "A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable",
"type": "string"
}
},
"paramOrder": [
"title",
"date",
"publisher",
"page",
"pages",
"location",
"df",
"url",
"quote",
"ref",
"language",
"via",
"last1",
"first1",
"last2",
"first2",
"last3",
"first3",
"access-date",
"url-status",
"archive-url",
"archive-date",
"trans-title",
"trans-quote",
"author-link1",
"author-link2",
"author-link3",
"at",
"id",
"type"
]
}
</templatedata>

== See also ==
{{Citation Style 1}}
{{Wikipedia referencing}}
{{UF-COinS}}

<includeonly>{{Sandbox other||
[[Category:Citation Style 1 templates|P]]
}}</includeonly>

Template:Cite press release

2026-08-11T07:16:33Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=pressrelease
|type={{{type|Press release}}}
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation | link box = {{wdoc|Wikipedia}} }}
</noinclude>

Template:Cite press release/doc

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Redheadkelly:

Template:Cite press release

2026-08-11T06:21:46Z

Redheadkelly:

<includeonly>{{#invoke:citation/CS1|citation
|CitationClass=pressrelease
|type={{{type|Press release}}}
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation | link box = {{wdoc|Wikipedia}} }}
</noinclude>

Template:Unbulleted list

2026-08-11T06:05:22Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|unbulleted}}<noinclude>
{{Documentation | link box = {{wdoc}}}}

</noinclude>

Template:Start date

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Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{#if: {{{4|}}}
|{{#if: {{{5|}}}
|{{padleft:{{{4}}}|2|0}}:{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}
|:{{padleft:{{{6}}}|2|0}} }}, }} }}{{#if: {{{1|}}}
|{{#if: {{{2|}}}
|{{#if: {{{3|}}}
|{{#if: {{{df|}}}|{{#expr:{{{3}}}}} {{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}}|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} {{#expr:{{{3}}}}},}} {{{1}}}|{{MONTHNAME|{{{2}}}}} {{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}}}}}}{{#if: {{{7|}}}
| ({{#ifeq: {{{7}}}|Z|UTC|{{{7}}}}})}}<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">{{#if: {{{1|}}}
| {{{1}}}{{#if: {{{2|}}}
| -{{padleft:{{{2}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{3|}}}
| -{{padleft:{{{3}}}|2|0}} }} }}{{#if: {{{4|}}}
| T{{padleft:{{{4}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{5|}}}
| :{{padleft:{{{5}}}|2|0}}{{#if: {{{6|}}}
| :{{padleft:{{{6}}}|2|0}} }} }} }} }}{{{7|}}}</span>)</span></includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation | link box = {{wdoc|Wikipedia}} }}
</noinclude>

Module:Lang

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Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

--[=[

Lua support for the {{lang}}, {{lang-xx}}, and {{transl}} templates and replacement of various supporting templates.

]=]

require('Module:No globals');

local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;
local unicode = require ("Module:Unicode data"); -- for is_latin() and is_rtl()
local yesno = require ('Module:Yesno');

local lang_data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/data'); -- language name override and transliteration tool-tip tables
local lang_name_table = lang_data.lang_name_table; -- language codes, names, regions, scripts, suppressed scripts
local lang_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang;
local lang_dep_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.lang_dep;
local script_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.script;
local region_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.region;
local variant_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.variant;
local suppressed_table = lang_data.lang_name_table.suppressed;
local override_table = lang_data.override;

local synonym_table = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms'); -- ISO 639-2/639-2T code translation to 639-1 code

local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- used for categorization

local content_lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage();
local this_wiki_lang_tag = content_lang.code; -- get this wiki's language tag
local this_wiki_lang_dir = content_lang:getDir(); -- get this wiki's language direction

local initial_style_state; -- set by lang_xx_normal() and lang_xx_italic()

local maint_cats = {}; -- maintenance categories go here
local maint_msgs = {}; -- and their messages go here

--[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set( var )
return not (var == nil or var == '');
end

--[[--------------------------< I N V E R T _ I T A L I C S >-------------------------------------------------

This function attempts to invert the italic markup a args.text by adding/removing leading/trailing italic markup
in args.text. Like |italic=unset, |italic=invert disables automatic italic markup. Individual leading/trailing
apostrophes are converted to their html numeric entity equivalent so that the new italic markup doesn't become
bold markup inadvertently.

Leading and trailing wiki markup is extracted from args.text into separate table elements. Addition, removal,
replacement of wiki markup is handled by a string.gsub() replacement table operating only on these separate elements.
In the string.gsub() matching pattern, '.*' matches empty string as well as the three expected wiki markup patterns.

This function expects that markup in args.text is complete and correct; if it is not, oddness may result.

]]

local function invert_italics (source)
local invert_pattern_table = { -- leading/trailing markup add/remove/replace patterns
[""]="\'\'", -- empty string becomes italic markup
["\'\'"]="", -- italic markup becomes empty string
["\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'\'\'", -- bold becomes bold italic
["\'\'\'\'\'"]="\'\'\'", -- bold italic become bold
};
local seg = {};

source = source:gsub ("%f[\']\'%f[^\']", '''); -- protect single quote marks from being interpreted as bold markup

seg[1] = source:match ('^(\'\'+%f[^\']).+') or ''; -- get leading markup, if any; ignore single quote
seg[3] = source:match ('.+(%f[\']\'\'+)$') or ''; -- get trailing markup, if any; ignore single quote

if '' ~= seg[1] and '' ~= seg[3] then -- extract the 'text'
seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- from between leading and trailing markup
elseif '' ~= seg[1] then
seg[2] = source:match ('^\'\'+%f[^\'](.+)') -- following leading markup
elseif '' ~= seg[3] then
seg[2] = source:match ('(.+)%f[\']\'\'+$') -- preceding trailing markup
else
seg[2] = source -- when there is no markup
end

seg[1] = invert_pattern_table[seg[1]] or seg[1]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table
seg[3] = invert_pattern_table[seg[3]] or seg[3]; -- replace leading markup according to pattern table

return table.concat (seg); -- put it all back together and done
end

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------

validates |italic= or |italics= assigned values.

When |italic= is set and has an acceptible assigned value, return the matching css font-style property value or,
for the special case 'default', return nil.

When |italic= is not set, or has an unacceptible assigned value, return nil and a nil error message.

When both |italic= and |italics= are set, returns nil and a 'conflicting' error message.

The return value nil causes the calling lang, lang_xx, or transl function to set args.italic according to the template's
defined default ('inherit' for {{lang}}, 'inherit' or 'italic' for {{lang-xx}} depending on
the individual template's requirements, 'italic' for {{transl}}) or to the value appropriate to |script=, if set ({{lang}}
and {{lang-xx}} only).

Accepted values and the values that this function returns are are:
nil - when |italic= absent or not set; returns nil
default - for completeness, should rarely if ever be used; returns nil
yes - force args.text to be rendered in italic font; returns 'italic'
no - force args.text to be rendered in normal font; returns 'normal'
unset - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup inside or outside the template; returns 'inherit'
invert - disables font control so that font-style applied to text is dictated by markup outside or inverted inside the template; returns 'invert'

]]

local function validate_italic (args)
local properties = {['yes'] = 'italic', ['no'] = 'normal', ['unset'] = 'inherit', ['invert'] = 'invert', ['default'] = nil};

local count = 0
for _, arg in pairs {'italic', 'italics', 'i'} do
if args[arg] then
count = count + 1
end
end

if count > 1 then -- return nil and an error message if more than one is set
return nil, 'only one of |italic=, |italics=, or |i= can be specified';
end

return properties[args.italic or args.italics or args.i], nil; -- return an appropriate value and a nil error message
end

--[=[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ C A T _ A R G S >----------------------------------------------------------

Default behavior of the {{lang}} and {{lang-xx}} templates is to add categorization when the templates are used in mainspace.
This default functionality may be suppressed by setting |nocat=yes or |cat=no. This function selects one of these two parameters
to control categorization.

Because having two parameters with 'opposite' names and 'opposite' values is confusing, this function accepts only affirmative
values for |nocat= and only negative values for |cat=; in both cases the 'other' sense (and non-sense) is not accepted and the
parameter is treated as if it were not set in the template.

Sets args.nocat to true if categorization is to be turned off; to nil if the default behavior should apply.

Accepted values for |nocat= are the text strings:
'yes', 'y', 'true', 't', on, '1' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical true for all of these; false or nil else
for |cat=
'no', 'n', 'false', 'f', 'off', '0' -- [[Module:Yesno]] returns logical false for all of these; true or nil else

]=]

local function validate_cat_args (args)
if not (args.nocat or args.cat) then -- both are nil, so categorize
return;
end

if false == yesno (args.cat) or true == yesno (args.nocat) then
args.nocat = true; -- set to true when args.nocat is affirmative; nil else (as if the parameter were not set in the template)
else -- args.nocat is the parameter actually used.
args.nocat = nil;
end
end

--[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >--------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array ( needle, haystack )
if needle == nil then
return false;
end
for n,v in ipairs( haystack ) do
if v == needle then
return n;
end
end
return false;
end

--[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------

prettify ietf tags to use recommended subtag formats:
code: lower case
script: sentence case
region: upper case
variant: lower case
private: lower case prefixed with -x-

]]

local function format_ietf_tag (code, script, region, variant, private)
local out = {};

if is_set (private) then
return table.concat ({code:lower(), 'x', private:lower()}, '-'); -- if private, all other tags ignored
end

table.insert (out, code:lower());
if is_set (script) then
script = script:lower():gsub ('^%a', string.upper);
table.insert (out, script);
end

if is_set (region) then
table.insert (out, region:upper());
end

if is_set (variant) then
table.insert (out, variant:lower());
end

return table.concat (out, '-');
end

--[[--------------------------< G E T _ I E T F _ P A R T S >--------------------------------------------------

extracts and returns IETF language tag parts:
primary language subtag (required) - 2 or 3 character IANA language code
script subtag - four character IANA script code
region subtag - two-letter or three digit IANA region code
variant subtag - four digit or 5-8 alnum variant code; only one variant subtag supported
private subtag - x- followed by 1-8 alnum private code; only supported with the primary language tag

in any one of these forms
lang lang-variant
lang-script lang-script-variant
lang-region lang-region-variant
lang-script-region lang-script-region-variant
lang-x-private

each of lang, script, region, variant, and private, when used, must be valid

Languages with both two- and three-character code synonyms are promoted to the two-character synonym because
the IANA registry file omits the synonymous three-character code; we cannot depend on browsers understanding
the synonymous three-character codes in the lang= attribute.

For {{lang-xx}} templates, the parameters |script=, |region=, and |variant= are supported (not supported in {{lang}}
because those parameters are superfluous to the IETF subtags in |code=)

returns six values; all lower case. Valid parts are returned as themselves; omitted parts are returned as empty strings, invalid
parts are returned as nil; the sixth returned item is an error message (if an error detected) or nil.

see http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/bcp/bcp47.txt section 2.1

]]

local function get_ietf_parts (source, args_script, args_region, args_variant)
local code, script, region, variant, private; -- ietf tag parts

if not is_set (source) then
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'missing language tag';
end

local pattern = { -- table of tables holding acceptibe ietf tag patterns and short names of the ietf part captured by the pattern
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 1 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 2 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 3 - ll-Ssss-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'r', 'v'}, -- 4 - ll-Ssss-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 5 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 's', 'v'}, -- 6 - ll-Ssss-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 7 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 8 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 9 - ll-RR-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'r', 'v'}, -- 10 - ll-DDD-variant (where region is 3 digits; variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d%d)$', 'v'}, -- 11 - ll-variant (where variant is 4 digits)
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%w%w%w%w%w%w?%w?%w?)$', 'v'}, -- 12 - ll-variant (where variant is 5-8 alnum characters)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%a%a)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 13 - ll-Ssss-RR
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)%-(%d%d%d)$', 's', 'r'}, -- 14 - ll-Ssss-DDD (region is 3 digits)

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a%a%a)$', 's'}, -- 15 - ll-Ssss

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%a%a)$', 'r'}, -- 16 - ll-RR
{'^(%a%a%a?)%-(%d%d%d)$', 'r'}, -- 17 - ll-DDD (region is 3 digits)

{'^(%a%a%a?)$'}, -- 18 - ll

{'^(%a%a%a?)%-x%-(%w%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?%w?)$', 'p'}, -- 19 - ll-x-pppppppp (private is 1-8 alnum characters)
}

local t = {}; -- table of captures; serves as a translator between captured ietf tag parts and named variables

for i, v in ipairs (pattern) do -- spin through the pattern table looking for a match
local c1, c2, c3, c4; -- captures in the 'pattern' from the pattern table go here

c1, c2, c3, c4 = source:match (pattern[i][1]); -- one or more captures set if source matches pattern[i])
if c1 then -- c1 always set on match
code = c1; -- first capture is always code
t = {
[pattern[i][2] or 'x'] = c2, -- fill the table of captures with the rest of the captures
[pattern[i][3] or 'x'] = c3, -- take index names from pattern table and assign sequential captures
[pattern[i][4] or 'x'] = c4, -- index name may be nil in pattern[i] table so "or 'x'" spoofs a name for this index in this table
};
script = t.s or ''; -- translate table contents to named variables;
region = t.r or ''; -- absent table entries are nil so set named ietf parts to empty string for concatenation
variant= t.v or '';
private = t.p or '';
break; -- and done
end
end

if not code then
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language tag: ', source}); -- don't know what we got but it is malformed
end

code = code:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this

if not (override_table[code] or lang_table[code] or synonym_table[code] or lang_dep_table[code]) then
return nil, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized language code: ', code}); -- invalid language code, don't know about the others (don't care?)
end

if synonym_table[code] then -- if 639-2/639-2T code has a 639-1 synonym
table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Lang and lang-xx code promoted to ISO 639-1|', code}));
table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' promoted to code: ', synonym_table[code]}));
code = synonym_table[code]; -- use the synonym
end

if is_set (script) then
if is_set (args_script) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant script tag'; -- both code with script and |script= not allowed
end
else
script = args_script or ''; -- use args.script if provided
end

if is_set (script) then
script = script:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not script_table[script] then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized script: ', script, ' for code: ', code}); -- language code ok, invalid script, don't know about the others (don't care?)
end
end
if suppressed_table[script] then -- ensure that code-script does not use a suppressed script
if in_array (code, suppressed_table[script]) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'script: ', script, ' not supported for code: ', code}); -- language code ok, script is suppressed for this code
end
end

if is_set (region) then
if is_set (args_region) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant region tag'; -- both code with region and |region= not allowed
end
else
region = args_region or ''; -- use args.region if provided
end

if is_set (region) then
region = region:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not region_table[region] then
return code, script, nil, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized region: ', region, ' for code: ', code});
end
end

if is_set (variant) then
if is_set (args_variant) then
return code, nil, nil, nil, nil, 'redundant variant tag'; -- both code with variant and |variant= not allowed
end
else
variant = args_variant or ''; -- use args.variant if provided
end

if is_set (variant) then
variant = variant:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not variant_table[variant] then -- make sure variant is valid
return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant});
end -- does this duplicate/replace tests in lang() and lang_xx()?
if is_set (script) then -- if script set it must be part of the 'prefix'
if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', script}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then
return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-script pair: ', code, '-', script});
end
elseif is_set (region) then -- if region set, there are some prefixes that require lang code and region (en-CA-newfound)
if not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- first see if lang code is all that's required (en-oxendict though en-GB-oxendict is preferred)
if not in_array (table.concat ({code, '-', region}), variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then -- now try for lang code and region (en-CA-newfound)
return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code-region pair: ', code, '-', region});
end
end
else -- cheap way to determine if there are prefixes; fonipa and others don't have prefixes; # operator always returns 0
if variant_table[variant]['prefixes'][1] and not in_array (code, variant_table[variant]['prefixes']) then
return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized variant: ', variant, ' for code: ', code});
end
end
end

if is_set (private) then
private = private:lower(); -- ensure that we use and return lower case version of this
if not override_table[table.concat ({code, '-x-', private})] then -- make sure private tag is valid; note that index
return code, script, region, nil, nil, table.concat ({'unrecognized private tag: ', private});
end
end
return code, script, region, variant, private, nil; -- return the good bits; make sure that msg is nil
end

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ E R R O R _ M S G >--------------------------------------------------

assembles an error message from template name, message text, help link, and error category.

]]

local function make_error_msg (msg, args, template)
local out = {};
local category;

if 'Transl' == template then
category = 'Transl';
else
category = 'Lang and lang-xx'
end

table.insert (out, table.concat ({'[', args.text or 'undefined', '] '})); -- for error messages output args.text if available
table.insert (out, table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: {{', template, '}}: '}));
table.insert (out, msg);
table.insert (out, table.concat ({' ([[:Category:', category, ' template errors|help]])'}));
table.insert (out, '</span>');

if (0 == namespace or 10 == namespace) and not args.nocat then -- categorize in article space (and template space to take care of broken usages)
table.insert (out, table.concat ({'[[Category:', category, ' template errors]]'}));
end

return table.concat (out);
end

--[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an
empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
if is_set (link) then
if is_set (display) then
return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});
else
return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
end
else
return '';
end
end

--[[--------------------------< D I V _ M A R K U P _ A D D >--------------------------------------------------

adds <i> and </i> tags to list-item text or to implied <p>..</p> text. mixed not supported

]]

local function div_markup_add (text, style)
local implied_p = {};

if text:find ('^\n[%*:;#]') then -- look for list markup; list markup must begin at start of text
if 'italic' == style then
return text:gsub ('(\n[%*:;#]+)([^\n]+)', '%1<i>%2</i>'); -- insert italic markup at each list item
else
return text;
end
end

if text:find ('\n+') then -- look for any number of \n characters in text
text = text:gsub ('([^\n])\n([^\n])', '%1 %2'); -- replace single newline characters with a space character which mimics mediawiki

if 'italic' == style then
text = text:gsub('[^\n]+', '<p><i>%1</i></p>'); -- insert p and italic markup tags at each impled p (two or more consecutive '\n\n' sequences)
else
text = text:gsub ('[^\n]+', '<p>%1</p>'); -- insert p markup at each impled p
text = text:gsub ('\n', ''); -- strip newline characters
end
end

return text;
end

--[[--------------------------< T I T L E _ W R A P P E R _ M A K E >------------------------------------------

makes a <span title="<title text>"><content_text></span> or <div title="<title text>"><content_text></div> where
<title text> is in the tool-tip in the wiki's local language and <content_text> is non-local-language text in
html markup. This because the lang= attibute applies to the content of its enclosing tag.

<tag> holds a string 'div' or 'span' used to choose the correct wrapping tag
]]

local function title_wrapper_make (title_text, content_text, tag)
local wrapper_t = {};

table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open opening wrapper tag
table.insert (wrapper_t, ' title=\"'); -- begin title attribute
table.insert (wrapper_t, title_text); -- add <title_text>
table.insert (wrapper_t, '\">'); -- end title attribute and close opening wrapper tag
table.insert (wrapper_t, content_text); -- add <content_text>
table.insert (wrapper_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- add closing wrapper tag

return table.concat (wrapper_t); -- make a big string and done
end

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T E X T _ H T M L >--------------------------------------------------

Add the html markup to text according to the type of content that it is: <span> or <i> tags for inline content or
<div> tags for block content

The lang= attribute also applies to the content of the tag where it is placed so this is wrong because 'Spanish
language text' is English:
<i lang="es" title="Spanish language text">casa</i>
should be:
<span title="Spanish language text"><i lang="es">casa</i></span>
or for <div>...</div>:
<div title="Spanish language text"><div lang="es"><spanish-language-text></div></div>

]]

local function make_text_html (code, text, tag, rtl, style, size, language)
local html_t = {};
local style_added = '';
local wrapper_tag = tag; -- <tag> gets modified so save a copy for use when/if we create a wrapper span or div

if text:match ('^%*') then
table.insert (html_t, '*'); -- move proto language text prefix outside of italic markup if any; use numeric entity because plain splat confuses MediaWiki
text = text:gsub ('^%*', ''); -- remove the splat from the text
end

if 'span' == tag then -- default html tag for inline content
if 'italic' == style then -- but if italic
tag = 'i'; -- change to <i> tags
end
else -- must be div so go
text = div_markup_add (text, style); -- handle implied <p>, implied <p> with <i>, and list markup (*;:#) with <i>
end

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'<', tag})); -- open the <i>, <span>, or <div> html tag
code = code:gsub ('%-x%-.*', ''); -- strip private use subtag from code tag because meaningless outside of wikipedia
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' lang="', code, '\"'})); -- add language attribute

if (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('ltr' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is right-to-left on a left-to-right wiki
table.insert (html_t, ' dir="rtl"'); -- add direction attribute for right-to-left languages
elseif not (rtl or unicode.is_rtl(text)) and ('rtl' == this_wiki_lang_dir) then -- text is left-to-right on a right-to-left wiki
table.insert (html_t, ' dir="ltr"'); -- add direction attribute for left-to-right languages
end

if 'normal' == style then -- when |italic=no
table.insert (html_t, ' style=\"font-style: normal;'); -- override external markup, if any
style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed
end

if is_set (size) then -- when |size=<something>
if is_set (style_added) then
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- add when style attribute already inserted
else
table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({' style=\"font-size: ', size, ';'})); -- create style attribute
style_added = '\"'; -- remember that style attribute added and is not yet closed
end
end

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({style_added, '>'})); -- close the opening html tag
table.insert (html_t, text); -- insert the text

table.insert (html_t, table.concat ({'</', tag, '>'})); -- close the 'text' <i>, <span>, or <div> html tag

if is_set (language) then -- create a <title_text> string for the title= attribute in a wrapper span or div
local title_text;
if 'zxx' == code then -- special case for this tag 'no linguistic content'
title_text = table.concat ({language, ' text'}); -- not a language so don't use 'language' in title text
elseif mw.ustring.find (language, 'languages', 1, true) then
title_text = table.concat ({language, ' collective text'}); -- for collective languages
else
title_text = table.concat ({language, '-language text'}); -- for individual languages
end

return title_wrapper_make (title_text, table.concat (html_t), wrapper_tag);
else
return table.concat (html_t);
end
end

--[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ C A T E G O R Y >----------------------------------------------------

For individual language, <language>, returns:
[[Category:Articles containing <language>-language text]]

for English:
[[Category:Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text]]

for ISO 639-2 collective languages (and for 639-1 bh):
[[Category:Articles with text in <language> languages]]

]=]

local function make_category (code, language_name, nocat, name_get)
local cat = {};
local retval;

if ((0 ~= namespace) or nocat) and not name_get then -- only categorize in article space
return ''; -- return empty string for concatenation
end

if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then
return table.concat ({'[[Category:Articles with text in ', language_name, ']]'});
end

table.insert (cat, '[[Category:Articles containing ');

if this_wiki_lang_tag == code then
table.insert (cat, 'explicitly cited ' .. language_name); -- unique category name for the local language
else
table.insert (cat, language_name);
end

table.insert (cat, '-language text]]');

return table.concat (cat);
end

--[[--------------------------< M A K E _ T R A N S L I T >----------------------------------------------------

return translit <i lang=xx-Latn>...</i> where xx is the language code; else return empty string

The value |script= is not used in {{transl}} for this purpose; instead it uses |code. Because language scripts
are listed in the {{transl}} switches they are included in the data tables. The script parameter is introduced
at {{Language with name and transliteration}}. If |script= is set, this function uses it in preference to code.

To avoid confusion, in this module and the templates that use it, the transliteration script parameter is renamed
to be |translit-script= (in this function, tscript)

This function is used by both lang_xx() and transl()
lang_xx() always provides code, language_name, and translit; may provide tscript; never provides style
transl() always provides language_name, translit, and one of code or tscript, never both; always provides style

For {{transl}}, style only applies when a language code is provided
]]

local function make_translit (code, language_name, translit, std, tscript, style)
local title;
local out_t = {};
local title_t = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards
local title_text = ''; -- tool tip text for title= attribute

std = std and std:lower(); -- lower case for table indexing

if not is_set (std) and not is_set (tscript) then -- when neither standard nor script specified
title_text = language_name; -- write a generic tool tip
if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)
title_text = title_text .. '-language'; -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)
end
title_text = title_text .. ' romanization'; -- finish the tool tip; use romanization when neither script nor standard supplied

elseif is_set (std) and is_set (tscript) then -- when both are specified
if title_t[std] then -- and if standard is legitimate
if title_t[std][tscript] then -- and if script for that standard is legitimate
if script_table[tscript] then
title_text = title_text .. table.concat ({title_t[std][tscript:lower()], ' (', script_table[tscript], ' script) transliteration'}); -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip
else
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard?
end
else
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- use the default if script not in std table; TODO: maint cat? error message because script not found for this standard?
end
else
return ''; -- invalid standard, setup for error message
end

elseif is_set (std) then -- translit-script not set, use language code
if not title_t[std] then return ''; end -- invalid standard, setup for error message

if title_t[std][code] then -- if language code is in the table (transl may not provide a language code)
title_text = title_text .. table.concat ({title_t[std][code:lower()], ' (', language_name, ' language) transliteration'}); -- add the appropriate text to the tool tip
else -- code doesn't match
title_text = title_text .. title_t[std]['default']; -- so use the standard's default
end

else -- here if translit-script set but translit-std not set
if title_t['no_std'][tscript] then
title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][tscript]; -- use translit-script if set
elseif title_t['no_std'][code] then
title_text = title_text .. title_t['no_std'][code]; -- use language code
else
if is_set (tscript) then
title_text = title_text .. table.concat ({language_name, '-script transliteration'}); -- write a script tool tip
elseif is_set (code) then
if not mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then -- collective language names (plural 'languages' is part of the name)
title_text = title_text .. '-language'; -- skip this text (individual and macro languages only)
end
title_text = title_text .. ' transliteration'; -- finish the tool tip
else
title_text = title_text .. ' transliteration'; -- generic tool tip (can we ever get here?)
end
end
end

local close_tag;
if is_set (code) then -- when a language code is provided (always with {{lang-xx}} templates, not always with {{transl}})
if not style then -- nil for the default italic style
table.insert (out_t, "<i lang=\""); -- so use <i> tag
close_tag = '</i>'; -- tag to be used when closing
else
table.insert (out_t, table.concat ({'<span style=\"font-style: ', style, '\" lang=\"'})); -- non-standard style, construct a span tag for it
close_tag = '</span>'; -- tag to be used when closing
end
table.insert (out_t, code);
table.insert (out_t, "-Latn\">"); -- transliterations are always Latin script
else
table.insert (out_t, "<span>"); -- when no language code: no lang= attribute, not italic ({{transl}} only)
close_tag = '</span>';
end

table.insert (out_t, translit); -- add the translit text
table.insert (out_t, close_tag); -- and add the appropriate </i> or </span>

if '' == title_text then -- when there is no need for a tool-tip
return table.concat (out_t); -- make a string and done
else
return title_wrapper_make (title_text, table.concat (out_t), 'span'); -- wrap with a tool-tip span and don
end
end

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ T E X T >----------------------------------------------------

This function checks the content of args.text and returns empty string if nothing is amiss else it returns an
error message. The tests are for empty or missing text and for improper or disallowed use of apostrophe markup.

Italic rendering is controlled by the |italic= template parameter so italic markup should never appear in args.text
either as ''itself'' or as '''''bold italic''''' unless |italic=unset or |italic=invert.

]]

local function validate_text (template, args)
if not is_set (args.text) then
return make_error_msg ('no text', args, template);
end

if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("\'\'\'\'\'[\']+") then -- because we're looking, look for 4 appostrophes or 6+ appostrophes
return make_error_msg ('text has malformed markup', args, template);
end

local style = args.italic;

if ('unset' ~= style) and ('invert' ~=style) then
if args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'%f[^\']") or args.text:find ("%f[\']\'\'\'\'\'%f[^\']") then -- italic but not bold, or bold italic
return make_error_msg ('text has italic markup', args, template);
end
end
end

--[[--------------------------< R E N D E R _ M A I N T >------------------------------------------------------

render mainenance messages and categories

]]

local function render_maint(nocat)
local maint = {};

if 0 < #maint_msgs then -- when there are maintenance messages
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'<span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">'})); -- opening <span> tag
for _, msg in ipairs (maint_msgs) do
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({msg, ' '})); -- add message strings
end
table.insert (maint, '</span>'); -- close the span
end

if (0 < #maint_cats) and (0 == namespace) and not nocat then -- when there are maintenance categories; article namespace only
for _, cat in ipairs (maint_cats) do
table.insert (maint, table.concat ({'[[Category:', cat, ']]'})); -- format and add the categories
end
end

return table.concat (maint);
end

--[[--------------------------< P R O T O _ P R E F I X >------------------------------------------------------

for proto languages, text is prefixed with a splat. We do that here as a flag for make_text_html() so that a splat
will be rendered outside of italic markup (if used). If the first character in text here is already a splat, we
do nothing

proto_param is boolean or nil; true adds splat prefix regardless of language name; false removes and / or inhibits
regardless of language name; nil does nothing; presumes that the value in text is correct but removes extra splac

]]

local function proto_prefix (text, language_name, proto_param)
if false == proto_param then -- when forced by |proto=no
return text:gsub ('^%**', ''); -- return text without splat prefix regardless of language name or existing splat prefix in text
elseif (language_name:find ('^Proto%-') or (true == proto_param)) then -- language is a proto or forced by |proto=yes
return text:gsub ('^%**', '*'); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat; also removes duplicate prefixing splats
end

return text:gsub ('^%*+', '*'); -- return text unmolested except multiple splats reduced to one splat
end

--[[--------------------------< H A S _ P O E M _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------

looks for a poem strip marker in text; returns true when found; false else

auto-italic detection disabled when text has poem stripmarker because it is not possible for this code to know
the content that will replace the stripmarker.

]]

local function has_poem_tag (text)
return text:find ('\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-poem%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127') and true or false;
end

--[[--------------------------< H T M L _ T A G _ S E L E C T >------------------------------------------------

Inspects content of and selectively trims text. Returns text and the name of an appropriate html tag for text.

If text contains:
\n\n text has implied <p>..</p> tags - trim leading and trailing whitespace and return
If text begins with list markup:
\n* unordered
\n; definition
\n: definition
\n# ordered
trim all leading whitespace except \n and trim all trailing whitespace

If text contains <poem>...</poem> stripmarker, return text unmodified and choose <div>..</div> tags because
the stripmarker is replaced with text wrapped in <div>..</div> tags.

]]

local function html_tag_select (text)
local tag;

if has_poem_tag (text) then -- contains poem stripmarker (we can't know the content of that)
tag = 'div'; -- poem replacement is in div tags so lang must use div tags
elseif mw.text.trim (text):find ('\n\n+') then -- contains implied p tags
text = mw.text.trim (text); -- trim leading and trailing whitespace characters
tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain p tags (added later by MediaWiki); poem replacement is in div tags
elseif text:find ('\n[%*:;%#]') then -- if text has list markup
text = text:gsub ('^[\t\r\f ]*', ''):gsub ('%s*$', ''); -- trim all whitespace except leading newline character '\n'
tag = 'div'; -- must be div because span may not contain ul, dd, dl, ol tags (added later by MediaWiki)
else
text = mw.text.trim (text); -- plain text
tag = 'span'; -- so span is fine
end

return text, tag;
end

--[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E _ P R O T O >--------------------------------------------------

validates value assigned to |proto=; permitted values are yes and no; yes returns as true, no returns as false,
empty string (or parameter omitted) returns as nil; any other value returns as nil with a second return value of
true indicating that some other value has been assigned to |proto=

]]

local function validate_proto (proto_param)
if 'yes' == proto_param then
return true;
elseif 'no' == proto_param then
return false;
elseif is_set (proto_param) then
return nil, true; -- |proto= something other than 'yes' or 'no'
else
return nil; -- missing or empty
end
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ N A M E _ G E T >--------------------------------------------

common function to return language name from the data set according to IETF tag

returns language name if found in data tables; nil else

]]

local function language_name_get (ietf, code, cat)
ietf = ietf:lower(); -- ietf:lower() because format_ietf_tag() returns mixed case

local name; -- remains nil if not found

if override_table[ietf] then -- look for whole IETF tag in override table
name = override_table[ietf];
elseif override_table[code] then -- not there so try basic language tag
name = override_table[code];
elseif lang_table[code] then -- shift to iana active tag/name table
name = lang_table[code];
elseif lang_dep_table[code] then -- try the iana deprecated tag/name table
name = lang_dep_table[code];
end

if lang_dep_table[code] and cat then -- because deprecated code may have been overridden to en.wiki preferred name
table.insert (maint_cats, table.concat ({'Lang and lang-xx using deprecated ISO 639 codes|', code}));
table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat ({'code: ', code, ' is deprecated'}));
end

return name; -- name from data tables or nil
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G >--------------------------------------------------------------------

entry point for {{lang}}

there should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}}
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly>

parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame)

]]

local function _lang (args)
local out = {};
local language_name; -- used to make category names
local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
local code; -- the language code
local msg; -- for error messages
local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html()
local template = args.template or 'Lang';

validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed

if args[1] and args.code then
return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and |code=', args, template);
else
args.code = args[1] or args.code; -- prefer args.code
end

if args[2] and args.text then
return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and |text=', args, template);
else
args.text = args[2] or args.text; -- prefer args.text
end

msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set
if is_set (msg) then -- msg is an already-formatted error message
return msg;
end

args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly

args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes'; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false

args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag
if msg then
return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid |proto=: ', args.proto}), args, template);
end

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code); -- |script=, |region=, |variant= not supported because they should be part of args.code ({{{1}}} in {{lang}})

if msg then
return make_error_msg ( msg, args, template);
end

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

if nil == args.italic then -- nil when |italic= absent or not set or |italic=default; args.italic controls
if ('latn' == subtags.script) or -- script is latn
(this_wiki_lang_tag ~= code and not is_set (subtags.script) and not has_poem_tag (args.text) and unicode.is_Latin (args.text)) then -- text not this wiki's language, no script specified and not in poem markup but is wholly latn script (auto-italics)
args.italic = 'italic'; -- DEFAULT for {{lang}} templates is upright; but if latn script set for font-style:italic
else
args.italic = 'inherit'; -- italic not set; script not latn; inherit current style
end
end

if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set, override rtl setting
if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then
args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script
else
args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script
end
end

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles
language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant

if 'invert' == args.italic and 'span' == tag then -- invert only supported for in-line content
args.text = invert_italics (args.text)
end

args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, language_name));
table.insert (out, make_category (code, language_name, args.nocat));
table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories

return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G >----------------------------------------------------------------------

entry point for {{lang}}

there should be no reason to set parameters in the {{lang}} {{#invoke:}}
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang}}</includeonly>

parameters are received from the template's frame (parent frame)

]]

local function lang (frame)
local args = getArgs (frame, { -- this code so that we can detect and handle wiki list markup in text
valueFunc = function (key, value)
if 2 == key or 'text' == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space
return value; -- return untrimmed 'text'
elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil
value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace
if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace
return value;
end
end
return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace
end -- end of valueFunc
});

return _lang (args);
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X >----------------------------------------------------------------

For the {{lang-xx}} templates, the only parameter required to be set in the template is the language code. All
other parameters can, usually should, be written in the template call. For {{lang-xx}} templates for languages
that can have multiple writing systems, it may be appropriate to set |script= as well.

For each {{lang-xx}} template choose the appropriate entry-point function so that this function knows the default
styling that should be applied to text.

For normal, upright style:
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_inherit|code=xx}}</includeonly>
For italic style:
<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic|code=xx}}</includeonly>

All other parameters should be received from the template's frame (parent frame)

Supported parameters are:
|code = (required) the IANA language code
|script = IANA script code; especially for use with languages that use multiple writing systems
|region = IANA region code
|variant = IANA variant code
|text = (required) the displayed text in language specified by code
|link = boolean false ('no') does not link code-spcified language name to associated language article
|rtl = boolean true ('yes') identifies the language specified by code as a right-to-left language
|nocat = boolean true ('yes') inhibits normal categorization; error categories are not affected
|cat = boolian false ('no') opposite form of |nocat=
|italic = boolean true ('yes') renders displayed text in italic font; boolean false ('no') renders displayed text in normal font; not set renders according to initial_style_state
|lit = text that is a literal translation of text
|label = 'none' to suppress all labeling (language name, 'translit.', 'lit.')
any other text replaces language-name label - automatic wikilinking disabled

for those {{lang-xx}} templates that support transliteration (those templates where |text= is not entirely latn script):
|translit = text that is a transliteration of text
|translit-std = the standard that applies to the transliteration
|translit-script = ISO 15924 script name; falls back to code

For {{lang-xx}}, the positional parameters are:
{{{1}}} text
{{{2}}} transliterated text
{{{3}}} literal translation text
no other positional parameters are allowed

]]

local function _lang_xx (args)
local out = {};
local language_name; -- used to make display text, article links
local category_name; -- same as language_name except that it retains any parenthetical disambiguators (if any) from the data set
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, and variant
local code; -- the language code

local translit_script_name; -- name associated with IANA (ISO 15924) script code
local translit;
local translit_title;
local msg; -- for error messages
local tag = 'span'; -- initial value for make_text_html()
local template = args.template or 'Lang-xx';

if args[1] and args.text then
return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{1}}} and |text=', args, template);
else
args.text = args[1] or args.text; -- prefer args.text
end

msg = validate_text (template, args); -- ensure that |text= is set, does not contain italic markup and is protected from improper bolding
if is_set (msg) then
return msg;
end

args.text, tag = html_tag_select (args.text); -- inspects text; returns appropriate html tag with text trimmed accordingly

if args[2] and args.translit then
return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{2}}} and |translit=', args, template);
else
args.translit = args[2] or args.translit -- prefer args.translit
end

if args[3] and (args.translation or args.lit) then
return make_error_msg ('conflicting: {{{3}}} and |lit= or |translation=', args, template);
elseif args.translation and args.lit then
return make_error_msg ('conflicting: |lit= and |translation=', args, template);
else
args.translation = args[3] or args.translation or args.lit; -- prefer args.translation
end

if args.links and args.link then
return make_error_msg ('conflicting: |links= and |link=', args, template);
else
args.link = args.link or args.links; -- prefer args.link
end

validate_cat_args (args); -- determine if categorization should be suppressed

args.rtl = args.rtl == 'yes'; -- convert to boolean: 'yes' -> true, other values -> false

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (args.code, args.script, args.region, args.variant); -- private omitted because private

if msg then -- if an error detected then there is an error message
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, template);
end

if nil == args.italic then -- args.italic controls
if is_set (subtags.script) then
if 'latn' == subtags.script then
args.italic = 'italic'; -- |script=Latn; set for font-style:italic
else
args.italic = initial_style_state; -- italic not set; script is not latn; set for font-style:<initial_style_state>
end
else
args.italic = initial_style_state; -- here when |italic= and |script= not set; set for font-style:<initial_style_state>
end
end

if is_set (subtags.script) then -- if script set override rtl setting
if in_array (subtags.script, lang_data.rtl_scripts) then
args.rtl = true; -- script is an rtl script
else
args.rtl = false; -- script is not an rtl script
end
end

args.proto, msg = validate_proto (args.proto); -- return boolean, or nil, or nil and error message flag
if msg then
return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid |proto=: ', args.proto}), args, template);
end

args.code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles
language_name = language_name_get (args.code, code, true); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant

category_name = language_name; -- category names retain IANA parenthetical diambiguators (if any)
language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them

if args.label then
if 'none' ~= args.label then
table.insert (out, table.concat ({args.label, ': '})); -- custom label
end
else
if 'no' == args.link then
table.insert (out, language_name); -- language name without wikilink
else
if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name)); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink
elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], language_name)); -- language name with wikilink from override data
else
table.insert (out, make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', language_name)); -- language name with wikilink
end
end
table.insert (out, ': '); -- separator
end

if 'invert' == args.italic then
args.text = invert_italics (args.text)
end

args.text = proto_prefix (args.text, language_name, args.proto); -- prefix proto-language text with a splat

table.insert (out, make_text_html (args.code, args.text, tag, args.rtl, args.italic, args.size, ('none' == args.label) and language_name or nil))

if is_set (args.translit) and not unicode.is_Latin (args.text) then -- transliteration (not supported in {{lang}}); not supported when args.text is wholly latn text (this is an imperfect test)
table.insert (out, ', '); -- comma to separate text from translit
if 'none' ~= args.label then
table.insert (out, '<small>');
if script_table[args['translit-script']] then -- when |translit-script= is set, try to use the script's name
translit_script_name = script_table[args['translit-script']];
else
translit_script_name = language_name; -- fall back on language name
end
translit_title = mw.title.makeTitle (0, table.concat ({'Romanization of ', translit_script_name})); -- make a title object
if translit_title.exists and ('no' ~= args.link) then
table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Romanization of ' .. translit_script_name or language_name, 'romanized') .. ':'); -- make a wikilink if there is an article to link to
else
table.insert (out, 'romanized:'); -- else plain text
end
table.insert (out, ' </small>'); -- close the small tag
end

translit = make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.translit, args['translit-std'], args['translit-script'])
if is_set (translit) then
table.insert (out, translit);
else
return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'invalid translit-std: \'', args['translit-std'] or '[missing]'}), args, template);
end
end

if is_set (args.translation) then -- translation (not supported in {{lang}})
table.insert (out, ', ');
if 'none' ~= args.label then
table.insert (out, '<small>');
if 'no' == args.link then
table.insert (out, '<abbr title="literal translation">lit.</abbr>');
else
table.insert (out, make_wikilink ('Literal translation', 'lit.'));
end
table.insert (out, " </small>");
end
table.insert (out, table.concat ({''', args.translation, '''})); -- use html entities to avoid wiki markup confusion
end

table.insert (out, make_category (code, category_name, args.nocat));
table.insert (out, render_maint(args.nocat)); -- maintenance messages and categories

return table.concat (out); -- put it all together and done
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ A R G S _ G E T >----------------------------------------------

common function to get args table from {{lang-??}} templates

returns table of args

]]

local function lang_xx_args_get (frame)
local args = getArgs(frame,
{
parentFirst= true, -- parameters in the template override parameters set in the {{#invoke:}}
valueFunc = function (key, value)
if 1 == key then -- the 'text' parameter; do not trim wite space
return value; -- return untrimmed 'text'
elseif value then -- all other values: if the value is not nil
value = mw.text.trim (value); -- trim whitespace
if '' ~= value then -- empty string when value was only whitespace
return value;
end
end
return nil; -- value was empty or contained only whitespace
end -- end of valueFunc
});

return args;
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >--------------------------------------------------

Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_italic(). Sets the initial style state to italic.

]]

local function lang_xx_italic (frame)
local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame);

initial_style_state = 'italic';
return _lang_xx (args);
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I T A L I C >------------------------------------------------

Entry point ffrom another module. Sets the initial style state to italic.

]]

local function _lang_xx_italic (args)
initial_style_state = 'italic';
return _lang_xx (args);
end

--[[--------------------------< L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >------------------------------------------------

Entry point for those {{lang-xx}} templates that call lang_xx_inherit(). Sets the initial style state to inherit.

]]

local function lang_xx_inherit (frame)
local args = lang_xx_args_get (frame);

initial_style_state = 'inherit';
return _lang_xx (args);
end

--[[--------------------------< _ L A N G _ X X _ I N H E R I T >----------------------------------------------

Entry point from another module. Sets the initial style state to inherit.

]]

local function _lang_xx_inherit (args)
initial_style_state = 'inherit';
return _lang_xx (args);
end

--[[--------------------------< _ I S _ I E T F _ T A G >------------------------------------------------------

Returns true when a language name associated with IETF language tag exists; nil else. IETF language tag must be valid.

All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function.

Module entry point from another module

]]

local function _is_ietf_tag (tag) -- entry point when this module is require()d into another
local c, s, r, v, p, err; -- code, script, region, variant, private, error message
c, s, r, v, p, err = get_ietf_parts (tag); -- disassemble tag into constituent part and validate

return ((c and not err) and true) or nil; -- return true when code portion has a value without error message; nil else
end

--[[--------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G >--------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}

]]

local function is_ietf_tag (frame)
return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame)[1]); -- args[1] is the ietf language tag to be tested; also get parent frame
end

--[[--------------------------< I S _ I E T F _ T A G _ F R A M E >--------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}; same as is_ietf_tag() except does not get parameters from the parent
(template) frame. This function not useful when called by {{lang|fn=is_ietf_tag_frame|<tag>}} because <tag>
is in the parent frame.

]]

local function is_ietf_tag_frame (frame)
return _is_ietf_tag (getArgs (frame, {frameOnly = true,})[1]); -- args[1] is the ietf language tag to be tested; do not get parent frame
end

--[[--------------------------< _ N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------------

Returns language name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else.

All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function.

Set invoke's |link= parameter to yes to get wikilinked version of the language name.

Module entry point from another module

]]

local function _name_from_tag (args)
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
local raw_code = args[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag
local link = 'yes' == args['link']; -- make a boolean
local label = args.label;
local code; -- the language code
local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid
local language_name = '';

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code);
if msg then
local template = (args['template'] and table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template)
return table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'});
end

raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private
language_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant

language_name = language_name:gsub ('%s+%b()', ''); -- remove IANA parenthetical disambiguators or qualifiers from names that have them

if link then -- when |link=yes, wikilink the language name
if mw.ustring.find (language_name, 'languages', 1, true) then
language_name = make_wikilink (language_name, label); -- collective language name uses simple wikilink
elseif lang_data.article_name[code] then
language_name = make_wikilink (lang_data.article_name[code], label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink from override data
else
language_name = make_wikilink (language_name .. ' language', label or language_name); -- language name with wikilink
end
end

return language_name;
end

--[[--------------------------< N A M E _ F R O M _ T A G >----------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}

]]

local function name_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|name_from_tag|<ietf tag>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}}
return _name_from_tag (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame
end

--[[--------------------------< _ T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------------

Returns the ietf language tag associated with the language name. Spelling of language name must be correct
according to the spelling in the source tables. When a standard language name has a parenthetical disambiguator,
that disambiguator must be omitted (they are not present in the data name-to-tag tables).

Module entry point from another module

]]

local function _tag_from_name (args) -- entry point from another module
local msg;

if args[1] and '' ~= args[1] then
local data = mw.loadData ('Module:Lang/tag from name'); -- get the reversed data tables TODO: change when going live
local lang = args[1]:lower(); -- allow any-case for the language name (speeling must till be correct)
local tag = data.rev_override_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_table[lang] or data.rev_lang_dep_table[lang]; -- get the code; look first in the override then in the standard

if tag then
return tag, true; -- language name found so return tag and done; second return used by is_lang_name()
else
msg = 'language: ' .. args[1] .. ' not found' -- language name not found, error message
end
else
msg = 'missing language name' -- language name not provided, error message
end

local template = '';
if args.template and '' ~= args.template then
template = table.concat ({'{{', args['template'], '}}: '}); -- make template name (if provided by the template)
end
return table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'});
end

--[[--------------------------< T A G _ F R O M _ N A M E >----------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}

]]

local function tag_from_name (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|tag_from_name|<language name>|link=<yes>|template=<template name>}}
local result, _ = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by is_lang_name()
return result;
end

--[[--------------------------< I S _ L A N G _ N A M E >------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}

]]

local function is_lang_name (frame)
local _, result = _tag_from_name (getArgs(frame)) -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame; supress second return used by tag_from_name()
return result and true or nil;
end

--[[--------------------------< _ T R A N S L >----------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from another module

]]

local function _transl (args)
local title_table = lang_data.translit_title_table; -- table of transliteration standards and the language codes and scripts that apply to those standards
local language_name; -- language name that matches language code; used for tool tip
local translit; -- transliterated text to display
local script; -- IANA script
local msg; -- for when called functions return an error message

if is_set (args[3]) then -- [3] set when {{transl|code|standard|text}}
args.text = args[3]; -- get the transliterated text
args.translit_std = args[2] and args[2]:lower(); -- get the standard; lower case for table indexing

if not title_table[args.translit_std] then
return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized transliteration standard: ', args.translit_std}), args, 'Transl');
end
else
if is_set (args[2]) then -- [2] set when {{transl|code|text}}
args.text = args[2]; -- get the transliterated text
else
if args[1] and args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then -- args[2] missing; is args[1] a code or is it the transliterated text?
return make_error_msg ('no text', args, 'Transl'); -- args[1] is a code so we're missing text
else
args.text = args[1]; -- args[1] is not a code so we're missing that; assign args.text for error message
return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'Transl');
end
end
end

if is_set (args[1]) then -- IANA language code used for html lang= attribute; or ISO 15924 script code
if args[1]:match ('^%a%a%a?%a?$') then -- args[1] has correct form?
args.code = args[1]:lower(); -- use the language/script code; only (2, 3, or 4 alpha characters); lower case because table indexes are lower case
else
return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args[1]}), args, 'Transl'); -- invalid language / script code
end
else
return make_error_msg ('missing language / script code', args, 'Transl'); -- missing language / script code so quit
end

args.italic, msg = validate_italic (args);
if msg then
return make_error_msg (msg, args, 'Transl');
end

if 'italic' == args.italic then -- 'italic' when |italic=yes; because that is same as absent or not set and |italic=default
args.italic = nil; -- set to nil;
end

if override_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the override table?
language_name = override_table[args.code];
elseif lang_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the standard language code tables?
language_name = lang_table[args.code];
elseif lang_dep_table[args.code] then -- is code a language code defined in the deprecated language code tables?
language_name = lang_dep_table[args.code];
elseif script_table[args.code] then -- if here, code is not a language code; is it a script code?
language_name = script_table[args.code];
script = args.code; -- code was an ISO 15924 script so use that instead
args.code = ''; -- unset because not a language code
else
return make_error_msg (table.concat ({'unrecognized language / script code: ', args.code}), args, 'Transl'); -- invalid language / script code
end
-- here only when all parameters passed to make_translit() are valid
return make_translit (args.code, language_name, args.text, args.translit_std, script, args.italic);
end

--[[--------------------------< T R A N S L >------------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}

]]

local function transl (frame)
return _transl (getArgs(frame));
end

--[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------

Returns category name associated with IETF language tag if valid; error message else

All code combinations supported by {{lang}} and the {{lang-xx}} templates are supported by this function.

Module entry point from another module

]]

local function _category_from_tag (args_t)
local subtags = {}; -- IETF subtags script, region, variant, and private
local raw_code = args_t[1]; -- save a copy of the input IETF subtag
local link = 'yes' == args_t.link; -- make a boolean
local label = args_t.label;
local code; -- the language code
local msg; -- gets an error message if IETF language tag is malformed or invalid
local category_name = '';

code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private, msg = get_ietf_parts (raw_code);
if msg then
local template = (args_t.template and table.concat ({'{{', args_t.template, '}}: '})) or ''; -- make template name (if provided by the template)
return table.concat ({'<span style=\"color:#d33\">Error: ', template, msg, '</span>'});
end

raw_code = format_ietf_tag (code, subtags.script, subtags.region, subtags.variant, subtags.private); -- format to recommended subtag styles; private omitted because private
category_name = language_name_get (raw_code, code); -- get language name; try ietf tag first, then code w/o variant then code w/ variant
category_name = make_category (code, category_name, nil, true):gsub ('[%[%]]', '');

if link then
return table.concat ({'[[:', category_name, ']]'});
else
return category_name;
end
end

--[[--------------------------< C A T E G O R Y _ F R O M _ T A G >--------------------------------------------

Module entry point from an {{#invoke:}}

]]

local function category_from_tag (frame) -- entry point from an {{#invoke:Lang|category_from_tag|<ietf tag>|template=<template name>}}
return _category_from_tag (getArgs (frame)); -- pass-on the args table, nothing else; getArgs() so we also get parent frame
end

--[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------
]]

return {
category_from_tag = category_from_tag,
lang = lang, -- entry point for {{lang}}
lang_xx_inherit = lang_xx_inherit, -- entry points for {{lang-??}}
lang_xx_italic = lang_xx_italic,
is_ietf_tag = is_ietf_tag,
is_ietf_tag_frame = is_ietf_tag_frame,
is_lang_name = is_lang_name,
tag_from_name = tag_from_name, -- returns ietf tag associated with language name
name_from_tag = name_from_tag, -- used for template documentation; possible use in ISO 639 name from code templates
transl = transl, -- entry point for {{transl}}

_category_from_tag = _category_from_tag, -- entry points when this module is require()d into other modules
_lang = _lang,
_lang_xx_inherit = _lang_xx_inherit,
_lang_xx_italic = _lang_xx_italic,
_is_ietf_tag = _is_ietf_tag,
get_ietf_parts = get_ietf_parts,
_tag_from_name = _tag_from_name,
_name_from_tag = _name_from_tag,
_transl = _transl,
};

Source:Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants (Rose)

2026-08-11T06:02:53Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Directory section
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
|source_type=Book
|section=Rose
|transcription=
|copyright_transcription=
|copyright=Copyright author
|ancestry=TRUE
|name=
|place=
|related_documents=
|related_topic=
|notes=ABBREVIATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS
{{{!}}{{!}}-
{{!}}b.
{{!}}born
{{!}}-
{{!}}d.
{{!}} died
{{!}}-
{{!}}dau.
{{!}} daughter
{{!}}-
{{!}}ex
{{!}} out of. Applied to port from which a ship sailed.
{{!}}-
{{!}}F. R. C. S.
{{!}} Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons.
{{!}}-
{{!}}F. R. S.
{{!}} Fellow of the Royal Society.
{{!}}-
{{!}}H. E. I. C. S.
{{!}} Honourable East India Company's Service.
{{!}}-
{{!}}issue
{{!}} children
{{!}}-
{{!}}J. P.
{{!}} Justice of the Peace.
{{!}}-
{{!}}K. C. B.
{{!}} Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.
{{!}}-
{{!}}K. C. M. G.
{{!}} Knight Commander of the Order of St. Michael & St. George.
{{!}}-
{{!}}m. or M.
{{!}} Married.
{{!}}-
{{!}}M. L. A.
{{!}} Member of the Legislative Assembly.
{{!}}-
{{!}}n. i.
{{!}} not identified.
{{!}}-
{{!}}R. A.
{{!}} Royal Academy.
{{!}}-
{{!}}R. H. A.
{{!}} Royal Horse Artillery.
{{!}}-
{{!}}R. N.
{{!}} Royal Navy.
{{!}}-
{{!}}R. S. A.
{{!}} Royal Scottish Academy.
{{!}}-
{{!}}s.
{{!}} son
{{!}}-
{{!}}W. S.
{{!}} [[Writer to the Signet]].
{{!}}}|footnotes=
|citation_type=Other
|citation_template=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants full
|bibliography=
|sort=
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=6
|entry_number=5308
|entry_name=ROSE, Hugh
|name=Hugh Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Hugh. Settled Granville County, South Carolina before 1761. Planter. Wife Jane. Daughter Ellen. (A. G.W., 119)
|occupation=planter
|place=Granville County, South Carolina
|spouse=Jane
|children=Ellen Rose
|reference=A. G.W., 119
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Hugh
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=10
|entry_number=5312
|entry_name=ROSE, Robert
|name=Robert Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Robert (Rev.), 12 Feb., 1704 - 30 June, 1751. From Wester Alves, Morayshire. Son of John R. and Margaret Grant. Settled Richmond, Virginia, 1725. Episcopalian clergyman. Rector of St. Anne's, Richmond, later of Albemarle. M. (i) 1733, Mary, Daughter of Leonard Tarrant, and (ii) 1740, Anna, daughter of Colonel Henzry Fitzhugh and Susannah Cook. Children: (1) Col. John, 1735 - 1803; (2) Hugh. 1743 - 1797. (A.A., x, 20; C. A.G., i, 907)
|occupation=minister
|place=Wester Alves, Morayshire;Richmond, Virginia;Albemarle
|spouse=Mary Tarrant;Anna Fitzhugh
|children=John Rose;Hugh Rose
|reference=A.A., x, 20; C. A.G., i, 907
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|person_page=Robert Rose of Richmond (1704-1751)
|sort=Rose, Robert
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=8
|entry_number=5310
|entry_name=Rose, Hugh
|name=Hugh Rose
|copyrighted_entry=Rose, Hugh, ca. 1796 - 22 May. 1880. To Columbiana County, Ohio, before 1830. Wife Mary. 12 June, 1813 - 23 May, 1891. (P. G. B., xv/2, 18)
|place=Columbiana County, Ohio
|spouse=Mary
|reference=P. G. B., xv/2, 18
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Hugh
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=4
|entry_number=5306
|entry_name=ROSE, Charles
|name=Charles Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Charles (Rev.) 1690 - 1745. From Geddes, Nairnshire. Related to Rev. Robert R., (q.v.) To Virginia, ca. 1730. Episcopal clergyman. Children: (1) Dr. Robert, 1730 - 18009 (2) Catherine. (C.A. G., i, 766)
|occupation=minister
|place=Geddes, Nairnshire;Virginia
|children=Robert Rose;Catherine Rose
|reference=C.A. G., i, 766
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Charles
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=1
|entry_number=5303
|entry_name=ROSE, Alexander
|name=Alexander Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Alexander. Probably from Invernesshire. To New Inverness, Mclntosh County, Georgia, before 1740. (S. H.A., 166)
|place=Invernesshire; New Inverness, Mclntosh County, Georgia
|reference=S. H.A., 166
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Alexander
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=2
|entry_number=5304
|entry_name=ROSE, Alexander
|name=Alexander Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Alexander. Settled St. John's parish, Liberty County, Georgia, before 1767. (A. G. W., 119)
|place=St. John's parish, Liberty County
|reference=A. G. W., 119
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Alexander
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=7
|entry_number=5309
|entry_name=ROSE, Hugh
|name=Hugh Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Hugh, died Scotland, ca. 1790. From Rosebank, Aberdeen. To South Carolina before 1780. Physician. Daughter Isabella Helen, m. at Aberdeen, 29 Sept., 1791, Captain William Urquhart. 13th Regt. of Foot. (Aberdeen O. P. R.)
|occupation=physician
|place=Rosebank, Aberdeen;Scotland;South Carolina
|children=Isabella Helen Rose
|reference=Aberdeen O. P. R.
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Hugh
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=9
|entry_number=5311
|entry_name=ROSE, Lewis
|name=Lewis Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Lewis, born 23 June, 1823. From Tain, Ross & Cromarty. Son of Rev. Lewis R. and Katherine Simpson. To U. S. (F. E. S., vii, 73)
|place=Tain, Tain,Ross
|reference=F. E. S., vii, 73
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Lewis
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}{{Directory entry subobject
|entry_precedence=5
|entry_number=5307
|entry_name=ROSE, Charles
|name=Charles Rose
|copyrighted_entry=ROSE, Charles. To St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio, 1804. Son Willlam, farmer, Madison Township. (P. G.B., xv, 6)
|occupation=farmer
|place= St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio;Madison Township
|children=William Rose
|reference=P. G.B., xv, 6
|citation=[[#CITEREFWhyte1972|Whyte 1972]] p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=p29l5Xe6TOEC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA379#v=onepage&q&f=false 379].
|citation_name=Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants p. 379
|database=U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s
|annotation=WHYTE, DONALD. A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the USA. Vol. 1. Baltimore: Magna Carta Book Co., 1972. 504p. 2nd pr., 1981.
|sort=Rose, Charles
|source=A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.
}}

Template:Further

2026-08-11T06:02:51Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{#invoke:labelled list hatnote|labelledList|Further information{{#if:{{{topic|}}}| on {{{topic|}}}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{Documentation | link box = {{wdoc|Wikipedia}} }}

</noinclude>

Template:Lang-gd

2026-08-11T06:02:51Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{#invoke:lang|lang_xx_italic
|code=gd
}}</includeonly><noinclude>
{{documentation |link box = {{wdoc|Wikipedia}} |Template:Lang-x/doc}}
[[Category:Celtic multilingual support templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Infobox government agency

2026-08-11T06:02:51Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{ infobox
| child = {{{child|}}}
| subbox = {{{subbox|}}}
| italic title = {{{italic title|no}}}

| titlestyle = font-size: 125%;
| title = {{{name|{{{agency_name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}}
| subheader = {{Br separated entries
| 1 = {{{native_name|{{{nativename|}}}}}}
| 2 = {{{native_name_a|{{{nativename_a|}}}}}}
| 3 = {{{native_name_r|{{{nativename_r|}}}}}}
}}

| image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{seal|}}}|size={{{seal_size|{{{seal_width|}}}}}}| alt={{{seal_alt|}}}|sizedefault=frameless}}
| caption = {{{seal_caption|}}}

| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|size={{{logo_size|{{{logo_width|}}}}}}| alt={{{logo_alt|}}}|sizedefault=frameless}}
| caption2 = {{{logo_caption|}}}

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National Archives of Scotland

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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
[[File:National Archives of Scotland (logo).png|thumb|National Archives of Scotland logo]]
The '''National Archives of Scotland''' (NAS) is the previous name of the [[National Records of Scotland]] (NRS), and are the [[national archives]] of Scotland, based in [[Edinburgh]]. The NAS claims to have one of the most varied collection of archives in Europe. It is the main archive for sources of the [[history of Scotland]] as an [[Sovereignty|independent]] [[Sovereign state|state]] (see [[Kingdom of Scotland]]), her role in the British Isles and the links between Scotland and many other countries over the centuries.

The NAS changed its name from the '''Scottish Record Office''' on 7 January 1999 and is both an associated department and Executive Agency of the [[Scottish Government]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nas.gov.uk/documents/corporatePlan2008.pdf|title=NAS Corporate Plan, ''Introduction'' p.4|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> headed by the '''Keeper of the Records of Scotland'''. The agency is responsible to the Scottish Minister for Europe, External Affairs and Culture. Its antecedents date back to the 13th century.

It is responsible for selecting, preserving, and promoting and making available the national archives of Scotland.<ref>Guide to the National Archives of Scotland (Edinburgh, The Stationery Office, 1996)</ref> It also has a role in records management more generally.

The National Archives of Scotland is based at three locations in [[Edinburgh]]: HM [[General Register House]] with [[New Register House]] (open to the public) and [[West Register House]] in the city centre, and '''Thomas Thomson House''' in the [[Sighthill, Edinburgh|Sighthill]] area of the city which is the main repository and also houses a conservation department and other offices. Access to the archives is open to members of the public.

On 1 April 2011, NAS, as a governmental body, was merged with the [[General Register Office for Scotland]] to form [[National Records of Scotland]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.gov.scot/News/Releases/2011/03/10144001|title=National Records of Scotland|first=St Andrew's House|last=Scottish Government|date=11 March 2011|website=www2.gov.scot|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> The term ''National Archives of Scotland'' is still sometimes employed to refer to the archives (the records collections) themselves.

==History==

===Early history===
The early history of the national archives of Scotland reflects Scotland's own troubled history. Many records were lost as a result of being taken out of the country first in the 13th century by [[Edward I of England|Edward I]] during the [[Wars of Scottish Independence|Wars of Independence]] and later by [[Oliver Cromwell]] in the 17th century. As a result, the earliest surviving Scottish public record is the [[Quitclaim of Canterbury]] of 1189; the oldest private record is a [[charter]] by [[David I of Scotland|David I]] to the church of St Cuthbert in Edinburgh, 1127. The earliest surviving [[exchequer roll]] belongs only to 1326; the records of the [[Great Seal of Scotland|Great Seal]] survive only from 1315; and, although there are a few early rolls starting in 1292, full records of [[Parliament of Scotland|Parliament]] do not begin until 1466. The first reference to a government official responsible for looking after the records dates from 1286. William of Dumfries was a clerk of the rolls of the royal 'chapel' or chancery. This office was later to develop into that of [[Lord Clerk Register]].

===The archives in the Middle Ages===
When war broke out between Scotland and England in 1296 and Edward I invaded, he had all the symbols of Scots nationhood—the regalia, the national archives and the [[Stone of Scone|Stone of Destiny]]—removed to London. The [[Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton]] ended the first War of Independence in 1329 and provided for the return of the records to Scotland. But they remained in London, many disappeared, and when their remnants were sent back to Scotland in 1948, only about 200 documents remained. During the reign of [[Robert the Bruce|Robert I, 'the Bruce']] (1306–1329), and with the more settled nature of the country after the [[battle of Bannockburn]] in 1314, the national archives grew in quantity. Records accumulated over the centuries and by the mid-sixteenth century it became necessary to build a special 'register house' in [[Edinburgh Castle]] to house them.

===Civil War and Cromwell===
The archives remained safe in the Castle until its capture by Cromwell's army in December 1650. The Scots were allowed to remove the archives and they were deposited in [[Stirling Castle]]. When that too fell to the English in August 1651, some of the records were carried off by the garrison, some were rescued by the clerks, but most were sent away to London. Their removal proved very inconvenient, so in 1657 the legal registers were returned to Scotland. It was not until the restoration of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] in 1660 that the other records were sent back. One of the two ships carrying the archives, the 'Elizabeth', sank in a storm off the Northumbrian coast with the loss of all the papers and parchments on board.

===The Laigh Hall===
Those records which had survived the voyage north were deposited again in Edinburgh Castle. But in 1662 the legal registers were transferred to the Laigh Hall below the [[Parliament House, Edinburgh#Parliament Hall|Parliament Hall]] on the [[Royal Mile]] in Edinburgh, where parliamentary and other records from the Castle joined them in 1689. The move was partly designed to promote access to the records, but the accommodation was far from satisfactory and the archives were damaged by damp and vermin. Records were piled on the floor and the backs of cupboards ran with damp. The great fire of 1700, which threatened the Parliament House, forced a temporary removal of the records to [[St. Giles' Cathedral, Edinburgh|St Giles' church]] for safety. Although the [[Acts of Union 1707|Treaty of Union]] of 1707 specified that the public records were to remain in Scotland in all time coming, there was no public money available to provide adequate accommodation and supervision for them.

===General Register House===
[[File:Register House, Edinburgh.jpg|thumb|General Register House]]
[[File:Edinburgh, Princes Street, General Register Office, Circular Record Hall - 20151130120344.jpg|alt=Circular Record Hall, General Register Office|thumb|Circular Record Hall, General Register Office]]

By the mid-eighteenth century the need to provide accommodation for the national archives was widely recognised. In 1765 a grant of £12,000 was obtained from the estates of Jacobites forfeited after the [[Jacobite rising of 1745]] towards building a 'proper repository'. A site was chosen fronting the end of the [[North Bridge, Edinburgh|North Bridge]] then under construction. The eminent architect [[Robert Adam]] and his brother [[James Adam (architect)|James]] were selected for the project in 1772 and the foundation stone was laid in 1774, by which time the original plans had been modified. Robert Adam used stone from local quarries, Edinburgh tradesmen for supplies and local masons and craftsmen. The building, although an empty shell, was not roofless when work ceased in 1779. Receipts and other contemporary evidence confirm this.<ref>National Archives of Scotland, SRO4/20: "Memorial to Register House Trustees by James Salisbury and Alexander Tait, estimating the expense of completing Register House, 20th Dec 1780"</ref>

The incomplete building, described as 'the most magnificent pigeon-house in Europe', was the haunt of thieves and pick-pockets. Construction resumed in 1785 and General Register House was completed to Robert Adam's modified design in 1788. It was hoped to build his proposed north range if funds ever became available. [[Robert Reid (architect)|Robert Reid]], also architect of [[St George's Church, Edinburgh|St George's Church]] (now West Register House) and the facade of [[Parliament House, Edinburgh|Parliament House]], finished the exterior to a simplified version of Robert Adam's original design and the interior to his own design in the 1820s. Reid also designed the Antiquarian Room (now the Historical Search Room) which opened to the public in 1847. General Register House is one of the oldest custom built archive buildings still in continuous use in the world.

===Thomas Thomson===
In 1806 the office of Deputy Clerk Register was created to oversee the day-to-day running of the office. The appointment of [[Thomas Thomson (advocate)|Thomas Thomson]] to the post laid the foundation of the modern record office. His thirty-five year term of office saw a programme of cataloguing and repair of the older records and the start of a series of record publications.

===West Register House===
[[File:West Register House, Charlotte Square, Edinburgh.jpg|thumbnail|[[West Register House]]]]
{{Main article|West Register House}}
Since the early twentieth century accessions of records have increased both in bulk and variety. The growth in the office's activities and holdings brought a need for more accommodation and improved facilities. In 1971 the former St George's Church in Charlotte Square was converted into [[West Register House]]. Robert Adam, architect of General Register House, designed the frontages of the houses in Charlotte Square and included a plan for a church in his drawings in 1791. The plan was never used and in 1810 Robert Reid drew up a new design. The foundation stone was laid in May 1811 and the building opened to public worship in 1814. The church discovered dry rot in 1959 and, unable to meet the spiralling costs of repair, closed in 1961, the congregation moving to [[St Andrew's and St George's Church, Edinburgh|St Andrew's Church]] along George Street. In 1968 began the process of converting the church into a branch of the Scottish Record Office. The exterior was left unaltered but the entire interior was removed and replaced by five floors of reinforced concrete for offices and record storage.

===Thomas Thomson House===
By the 1980s both city centre sites were filled to capacity and it became clear that another building was needed. This provided an opportunity to design a modern archive building. In 1994 Thomas Thomson House was built at Sighthill Industrial Estate in the west of Edinburgh and opened the following year by the [[Anne, Princess Royal|Princess Royal]]. Designed to provide space for the National Archives of Scotland until the mid 21st century, the building is essentially two separate buildings joined together. One high-tech block provides over 37 kilometres of environmentally controlled record storage, while the other houses records reception and sorting areas, staff offices, a purpose-built conservation unit and digital imaging facilities.

==Collections and access==
The National Archives of Scotland contains records from parchment and paper scrolls through to digital files and archived websites. One widely known document held is the [[Declaration of Arbroath]].

The material held, searchable through the NAS On-Line Catalogue,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20170106033924/http://www.nas.gov.uk/onlinecatalogue/|title=NAS Online Catalogue|website=webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> and accessible (free of charge to examine) both in person at NAS search rooms (after reader pass application procedures), and in certain circumstances through other methods such as by post includes the following:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20170106023139/http://www.nas.gov.uk/doingResearch/NASrecords.asp|title=Records held by – the National Archives of Scotland|website=webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

* Government Records of pre-1707 Scottish crown, parliament and government; records of the post-1886 Scottish Office and Scottish Government.
* Legal registers and Court documents Registers of deeds and sasines; services of heirs; Records of the [[Court of Session]], and the [[High Court of Justiciary]], [[sheriff courts]] (including adoption records) and commissary courts. Notably, the NAS provides about 5,000 extracts from legal registers each year, mainly at a cost for professional legal researchers instructed by law firms.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20170106021955/http://www.nas.gov.uk/about/default.asp|title=About – The National Archives of Scotland|website=webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> The Keeper is, in addition to his responsibility to Ministers, also responsible to the Lord President of the [[Court of Session]] for the efficient management of the court and other legal records in Scotland.
* The Churches Records for the [[Church of Scotland]], [[Free Church of Scotland (disambiguation)|Free Church of Scotland]], and various dissenting ('seceding') congregations; records of the [[Scottish Episcopal Church]]; copies of the records of baptisms, marriages and burials for Roman Catholics before 1855.
* Nationalised industries and transport Records of the Scottish rail and canal systems, coal, gas, electricity, steel and shipbuilding industries.
* Local administration Valuation rolls for all Scottish counties and burghs 1855–1995; records of some burghs, county councils, [[justices of the peace]] and other local authorities.
* Private and corporate bodies Family, legal and estate papers; several gifts and deposited papers; records of businesses, societies and institutions.
* Maps and plans Maps, plans, architectural and technical drawings from government departments, nationalised industries, transport systems, courts, churches, private and corporate bodies.

==Other services==

In addition to selecting, preserving and making available to all the national archives of Scotland, the NAS has several other functions. Part of this relates to outreach, providing educational and other resources for teachers and other educational services, and ensuring the archives are available to Scottish society. One example of this outreach was an exhibition at the Scottish Parliament to mark the [[Acts of Union 1707|Act of Union]].<ref>{{cite web |work=Scottish Parliament |url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/nmCentre/news/news-07/pa07-080.htm |title= Act of Union 1707 exhibition launched |access-date=2008-12-23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530185833/http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/nmCentre/news/news-07/pa07-080.htm |archive-date=30 May 2008 }}</ref>

The NAS advises Scottish Ministers on records and information policy, and has to be consulted in relation to certain statutory codes of practice issued under the [[Freedom of Information (Scotland) Act 2002]]. The NAS advises Scottish public authorities about the creation and management of their records, and advises public and private owners about their historical records and it provides a reference service to the public on all aspects of the national archives. It provides the National Register of Archives of Scotland, a database of archival sources in Scotland, which is available online.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20170106023159/http://www.nas.gov.uk/nras/|title=The National Register of Archives for Scotland Home|website=webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> It takes the lead in the development of records management and archival policy in Scotland.

==Scottish Archive Network (SCAN)==

In the late 1990s the NAS became a pioneer in the digitisation and provision of online access to historical records on a very large scale, under the auspices of the Scottish Archive Network (SCAN) project, whose partners were the National Archives of Scotland (NAS), the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF), and the Genealogical Society of Utah (now Family Search). The SCAN project created a single electronic catalogue to the holdings of more than 50 Scottish archives <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scan.org.uk/catalogue/|title=SCAN Online Catalogue|website=www.scan.org.uk|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref> and set up a copying programme, using high quality single-capture digital cameras.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scan.org.uk/aboutus/report.htm|title=The Scottish Archive Network - About Us|website=www.scan.org.uk|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

SCAN's main achievement was the digital capture of half a million wills and testaments recorded in Commissary Court and Sheriff Court registers between 1513 and 1901, linking these to a unified index, and making them available online.<ref>H. Anderson, 'ScottishDocuments.com - Testaments online', Scottish Archives (the journal of the Scottish Records Association), vol 9, 2003</ref>

Following the project's completion in 2004, NAS maintained the products and websites of SCAN.

==Recent developments==

===Digitisation===

The NAS has expanded its digitisation programme begun under the SCAN project. It is currently involved in digitising the register of sasines (Scotland's property register) and the records of ecclesiastical courts (kirk sessions, presbyteries, synods and the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland). The church court records extend to some five million pages of information and the NAS is, at the time of writing (2008), developing an online access system for large-scale, unindexed historical sources, in parallel to free access in the NAS's public search rooms, known as "virtual volumes".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scottishdocuments.com/authenticate.aspx|title=Scottish Documents Home Page|website=www.scottishdocuments.com|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

===ScotlandsPeople Website===
In conjunction with the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS), the NAS supplies content for the ScotlandsPeople website, allowing searches in pre-1855 old parish registers (OPRs); statutory registers of births, marriages and deaths from 1855; census returns, 1841–1921; and the testaments digitally captured by the SCAN project.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/|title=ScotlandsPeople|website=ScotlandsPeople|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12369400.Delving_into_designs_on_our_ancestors/ |title=Delving into designs on our ancestors |work=[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]] |location=Glasgow |date=6 October 2008 |access-date=25 February 2018}}</ref>

===ScotlandsPeople Centre===

The ScotlandsPeople Centre is for those interested in genealogy. It opened fully on 12 January 2009 after being partially open since July 2008. The Centre is based in HM General Register House and New Register House, and is a partnership between the NAS, the General Register Office for Scotland, and the Court of the Lord Lyon, providing a single base for genealogical research in Scotland. Unlike the National Archives, use of most facilities at the ScotlandsPeople Centre is not free of charge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/|title=National Records of Scotland|first=National Records of Scotland Web|last=Team|date=31 May 2013|website=National Records of Scotland|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

===Scottish Public Records Review===

The National Archives of Scotland was instructed by Scottish Ministers in 2008 to review and assess the current state of public records legislation in Scotland, some of which dates to the 1930s. The Review published its report.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20170106024935/http://www.nas.gov.uk/about/100122.asp|title=Public Records Review - The National Archives of Scotland website|website=webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of national archives]]
* [[General Register Office for Scotland]]
* [[Court of the Lord Lyon]]
* [[The National Archives (United Kingdom)|The National Archives]]
* [[Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Acknowledgements ==
{{Wikipedia}}

==External links==
*[https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/ NRS website]
*[http://www.nas.gov.uk/ NAS Website] (archived as at 2017)
*[http://www.scan.org.uk/ SCAN Website]
*[http://www.scottishdocuments.com/ Scottish Documents Website]
*[http://www.scottishhandwriting.com/ Scottish Handwriting Website]
*[http://www.scottisharchivesforschools.org/ Scottish Archives for Schools Website]
*[http://www.scotlandspeoplehub.gov.uk/ ScotlandsPeople Centre Website]
*[http://www.nas.gov.uk/nras/ National Register of Archives of Scotland] (archived as at 2017)

{{coord|55|57|13.62|N|3|11|21.53|W|region:GB_type:landmark|display=title}}

{{Scottish Executive Agencies}}
{{Scotland topics}}
{{Europe topic|title=European national archives|prefix=National Archives of}}

[[Category:Archives in Scotland| ]]
[[Category:National archives|Scotland]]

Module:URL

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--
-- This module implements {{URL}}
--
-- See unit tests at [[Module:URL/testcases]]

local p = {}

local function safeUri(s)
local success, uri = pcall(function()
return mw.uri.new(s)
end)
if success then
return uri
end
end

local function extractUrl(args)
for name, val in pairs(args) do
if name ~= 2 and name ~= "msg" then
local url = name .. "=" .. val;
url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?):(/?)([^/])', 'http%1://%3')
local uri = safeUri(url);
if uri and uri.host then
return url
end
end
end
end

function p._url(url, text, msg)
url = mw.text.trim(url or '')
text = mw.text.trim(text or '')
local nomsg = (msg or ''):sub(1,1):lower() == "n" or msg == 'false' -- boolean: true if msg is "false" or starts with n or N

if url == '' then
if text == '' then
if nomsg then
return nil
else
return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'tlx', args = { 'URL', "''example.com''", "''optional display text''" } }
end
else
return text
end
end

-- If the URL contains any unencoded spaces, encode them, because MediaWiki will otherwise interpret a space as the end of the URL.
url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '%s', function(s) return mw.uri.encode(s, 'PATH') end)

-- If there is an empty query string or fragment id, remove it as it will cause mw.uri.new to throw an error
url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '#$', '')
url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '%?$', '')

-- If it's an HTTP[S] URL without the double slash, fix it.
url = mw.ustring.gsub(url, '^[Hh][Tt][Tt][Pp]([Ss]?):(/?)([^/])', 'http%1://%3')

local uri = safeUri(url)

-- Handle URL's without a protocol and URL's that are protocol-relative,
-- e.g. www.example.com/foo or www.example.com:8080/foo, and //www.example.com/foo
if uri and (not uri.protocol or (uri.protocol and not uri.host)) and url:sub(1, 2) ~= '//' then
url = 'http://' .. url
uri = safeUri(url)
end

if text == '' then
if uri then
if uri.path == '/' then uri.path = '' end

local port = ''
if uri.port then port = ':' .. uri.port end

text = mw.ustring.lower(uri.host or '') .. port .. (uri.relativePath or '')

-- Add <wbr> before _/.-# sequences
text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(/+)","<wbr/>%1") -- This entry MUST be the first. "<wbr/>" has a "/" in it, you know.
text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(%.+)","<wbr/>%1")
-- text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(%-+)","<wbr/>%1") -- DISABLED for now
text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(%#+)","<wbr/>%1")
text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,"(_+)","<wbr/>%1")
else -- URL is badly-formed, so just display whatever was passed in
text = url
end
end

return mw.ustring.format('<span class="url">[%s %s]</span>', url, text)
end

--[[
The main entry point for calling from Template:URL.
--]]
function p.url(frame)
local templateArgs = frame.args
local parentArgs = frame:getParent().args
local url = templateArgs[1] or parentArgs[1]
local text = templateArgs[2] or parentArgs[2] or ''
local msg = templateArgs.msg or parentArgs.msg or ''
url = url or extractUrl(templateArgs) or extractUrl(parentArgs) or ''
return p._url(url, text, msg)
end

--[[
The entry point for calling from the forked Template:URL2.
This function returns no message by default.
It strips out wiki-link markup, html tags, and everything after a space.
--]]
function p.url2(frame)
local templateArgs = frame.args
local parentArgs = frame:getParent().args
local url = templateArgs[1] or parentArgs[1]
local text = templateArgs[2] or parentArgs[2] or ''
-- default to no message
local msg = templateArgs.msg or parentArgs.msg or 'no'
url = url or extractUrl(templateArgs) or extractUrl(parentArgs) or ''
-- if the url came from a Wikidata call, it might have a pen icon appended
-- we want to keep that and add it back at the end.
local u1, penicon = mw.ustring.match( url, "(.*)( <span class='penicon.*)" )
if penicon then url = u1 end
-- strip out html tags and [ ] from url
url = (url or ''):gsub("<[^>]*>", ""):gsub("[%[%]]", "")
-- truncate anything after a space
url = url:gsub("%%20", " "):gsub(" .*", "")
return (p._url(url, text, msg) or "") .. (penicon or "")
end

return p

Category:Websites

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[[Category:Publications by format]]

Category:Subobject templates

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[[Category:Templates]]

Category:Source page templates

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[[Category:Page creation templates]]
[[Category:Source namespace templates]]

Category:Source namespace templates

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{{Maintenance category|tracking=y}}
{{template category|description=Templates used in the Project's Source [[Project:Namespace|namespace]].}}


[[Category:project templates by namespace]]

Category:North Carolina land grants

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[[Category:United States land grants‎]]

Category:Library and archive templates

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[[Category:Source namespace templates]]

Category:Correspondence

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[[Category:Sources]]

Category:Periodicals

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{{Category model|FamilySearch}}
[[Category:Newspapers and periodicals]]

Category:Groups

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Category:Events

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Category:Publications

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[[Category:Research sources]]

Category:Documents

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[[Category:Publications by format]]

Category:Publication templates

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[[Category:Semantic templates]]

Category:Land transactions

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[[Category:Sources]]

Category:Infobox templates

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{{for|style guidelines|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes}}
{{shortcut|CAT:INFOBOX|WP:INFO}}
{{All included|[[WP:INFOBOXES|infoboxes]]|infoboxes}}

'''Infobox templates''' are [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Templates#Infobox templates|templates]] that provide standardized information across related articles. Infoboxes may be "freeform" or partially automated based on parameters. The use of infoboxes is neither required nor prohibited for any article. Whether to include an infobox, which infobox to include, and which parts of the infobox to use, are determined through [[Wikipedia:Consensus|discussion and consensus among the editors]] at each individual article.

Subcategories are based on the sections used at [[Portal:Contents/Categories]] and [[Portal:Contents/Overviews]].

To facilitate finding infoboxes of interest, many [[Wikipedia:WikiProject|WikiProjects]] will list infoboxes that are often used for their areas of interest on their main Project page, or on a dedicated 'Resources' or 'Templates' sub-page. You can also search this category directly via the search box below.

{{CatAutoTOC}}

[[Category:Semantic templates]]
[[Category:Wikiboxes]]
[[Category:Project templates by style]]
[[Category:Project templates by task]]
[[Category:Project infoboxes| ]]

Category:Land grants

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[[Category:Land and property records]]

Category:Land transaction templates

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[[Category:Source namespace templates]]

Category:Harv and Sfn template errors

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{{Tracking category}}
This category holds articles that use any of the short-cite templates ({{tlx|harv}} and {{tlx|sfn}} template families, and {{tlx|harvc}}) where one or more of those short-cite templates do not properly link to a full citation, the target, or where multiple full cites can be the target of a single short-cite template.

Due to [[#Current limitations and false-positive errors|technical limitations]], {{cl|Harv and Sfn no-target errors‎}} contains many articles with [[#Current limitations and false-positive errors|false-positive errors]]. [[#Error messages|No-target error messages]] are hidden by default. Articles with multiple-target errors are listed in {{cl|Harv and Sfn multiple-target errors}}. Multiple-target errors are not susceptible to false-positive errors so those errors are not suppressed. [[#Displaying error messages|Several options]] to view error messages are detailed below, as well as possible ways to [[#Resolving errors|resolve errors]].

==Displaying error messages==
Currently, two [[WP:User script|user scripts]] relatively reliably detect errors
*[[User:Svick/HarvErrors.js]] – Errors only
*[[User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors.js]] – Errors + Warnings about potential errors ''when short footnote templates are used''. This has ''substantially'' fewer pointless warnings than [[User:Ucucha/HarvErrors.js|Ucucha's old script]].
as well as a third experimental method based on customizing a [[.css]] page. The three methods are
;Method 1 – Automatic script installation {{anchor|Method1}}
:Go in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|'Gadgets' tab of your preferences]] and select the 'Install scripts without having to edit JavaScript files' option at the bottom of the 'Advanced' section.
:Click on the 'Install' button in at the top of either [[User:Svick/HarvErrors.js]], or [[User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors.js]]
;Method 2 – Manual script installation {{anchor|Method2}}
:Go to [[Special:MyPage/common.js]] and add any of
::{{code|lang=js|importScript('User:Svick/HarvErrors.js'); // Backlink: [[User:Svick/HarvErrors.js]]}}
::{{code|lang=js|importScript('User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors.js'); // Backlink: [[User:Trappist the monk/HarvErrors.js]]}}
:in your [[Special:MyPage/common.js|skin]] page, like [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Headbomb/monobook.js&diff=947843597&oldid=947843535 this]. Alternatively, you can go to [[Special:MyPage/skin.js]] to make the script apply only to your current [[WP:SKIN|skin]].
;Method 3 – .css code for error messages emitted by the short-cite templates {{anchor|Method3}}
:Error messages are emitted by the various short-cite templates via [[Module:Footnotes]] and [[Module:Harvc]]. Because of [[#Current limitations and false-positive errors|technical limitations]], the modules can emit [[false positive|false-positive]] error messages along with valid error messages. For this reason, no-target error messages are hidden by default. To show these hidden error messages, include the following text in your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css]] page or your specific [[Special:MyPage/skin.css|skin.css]] page:
::{{code|lang=css|.harv-error {display: inline !important;} /* display Module:Footnotes errors */}}
:Error message display may be enabled in the future.

==Error messages==
If short-cite template error messages are [[#Method3|enabled]], editors can see these messages:
#{{error-small|Harv/sfn error: no target: <{{var|anchor ID}}>}} – short-cite template cannot find {{error-small|<{{var|anchor ID}}>}} so cannot link to a full-cite target. Causes for this can be:
##the article does not have full-cite target with {{error-small|<{{var|anchor ID}}>}}
##the matching full-cite target is a [[Help:Citation Style 1|cs1]] or [[Help:Citation Style 2|cs2]] template that:
###has {{para|ref|none}}
###uses a redirect name when that redirect does not begin with <code>cite</code> or <code>cita</code> – these two forms cover most of the cs1|2 redirects
##the full-cite target does not use exactly the same author or editor surnames and/or date as listed in {{error-small|<{{var|anchor ID}}>}}
##the short-cite template links to a full-cite target that is a wrapper-template; see [[#Current limitations and false-positive errors|false-positive errors]] below
#{{error-small|Harv/sfn error: multiple targets ({{var|n}}×): <{{var|anchor ID}}>}} – short-cite template found more than one full-cite target with a matching {{error-small|<{{var|anchor ID}}>}}. Causes for this can be:
##authors' writings from different sources produced in the same year cited without disambiguation {{para|date|2020a}}, {{para|date|2020b}}
##redundant use of the full cite where one full-cite target might be in a References section and a duplicate might be in a Further reading section
Similar (although not identical) messages are emitted by the [[#Displaying error messages|user scripts]]. See the script documentation.

==Resolving errors==

Ways of resolving legitimate {{error-small|no target}} errors include:
*adding a missing full citation. When short citations are copied from one article to another without a full citation, you can sometimes find the full citation in a related article using Wikipedia's search feature.
*correcting the author and/or editor names in either the short or full citation so that they match each other
*correcting or adding dates in either the short or full citation so that they match each other; remember that date ranges are separated with an ndash character (–)
*converting a plain-text full citation into a templated citation using one of the cs1|2 families of templates (e.g. {{tl|Cite book}}) or one of the Vcite family of templates (e.g. {{tl|vcite book}})
*change cs1|2 template redirect names that do not begin with <code>cite</code> or <code>cita</code> to the target of the redirect (e.g. change {{tl|encyclopedia}} to {{tl|cite encyclopedia}})
*create and use {{tld|cite ...}} redirects for citation wrapper templates: {{tld|<{{var|whatever}}>}} → {{tld|cite <{{var|whatever}}>}}. Consider renaming the wrapper template so that its canonical name is {{tld|cite <{{var|whatever}}>}} because there are automated processes out there that rename redirects to their canonical names; once renamed by these drones, false-positive error messaging may reappear.
*wrapping a plain-text citation inside {{tl|wikicite}} and setting {{para|ref}} or {{para|id}} as appropriate to match the value expected by the short-cite template
*placing {{tl|anchor}} adjacent to the plain-text citation; set the {{tlc|anchor}} parameter value to the value expected by the short-cite template
*set the short-cite parameter {{para|ref|none}} to suppress anchor ID link creation

Ways of resolving false positive {{error-small|no target}} errors include:
*adding the CITEREF to:
** [[Module:Footnotes/whitelist]] – use this when many articles use the same long-form citation
** a {{tlx|sfn whitelist}} template in the article

Ways of resolving {{error-small|multiple targets}} errors include:
*adding {{para|ref|none}} to cs1|2 templates
*adding [[Template:Sfn#More_than_one_work_in_a_year|disambiguation letters]] to {{para|date}} and to the {{tl|sfn}} template when there are multiple full citations to works in the same year by identical authors or editors
*converting redundant full citations into short citations using {{tl|sfn}}, leaving only one full citation to the referenced work in the article
*entirely removing a redundant full citation, e.g. identical full citations in a "Bibliography" section and in "Further reading"
No advice is given for resolving [[#Current limitations and false-positive errors|false-positive errors]].



==Current limitations and false-positive errors==
===Brief explanation===
When a short-cite template links to a full citation that is rendered by a template that wraps a CS1 template, like {{tlx|cite DNB}} (which wraps {{tlx|cite encyclopedia}}), a {{error-small|no target}} error may be displayed even when the short-cite template is valid and the link works. That is a "false positive" error. If you find what looks like a false positive error, please report it on the talk page for this category, and another editor will either fix the article or add the template in question to [[Module:Footnotes/whitelist]].

===Details===
The short-cite templates employ an article reader to read the article's raw wikitext (the same text that you see in the source editor's edit window). While reading the wikitext, the article reader looks for a variety of templates that can create anchor IDs. For each such template found, the article reader attempts to extract the necessary information to determine the template's anchor ID, if it produces one. For cs1|2, the most common long-form citation templates, the article reader looks for:
* The default anchor ID created by the template automatically: up to four author / editor / contributor surname(s) and the year portion of the date
* {{para|ref|{{tlx|sfnref}}}}: the anchor ID generated by {{tld|sfnref}} (or its redirect {{tlx|harvid}})
* {{para|ref|<{{var|plain text}}>}}: the anchor ID is the <code><{{var|plain text}}></code>
The article reader extracts similar information from other templates as appropriate for those templates.

Each long-form citation anchor ID is saved in a list along with a tally indicating how many of that ID the article reader found. When the short-cite template renders its output, it looks for its target anchor ID in the anchor-ID list:
*anchor ID found and the tally is 1: short-cite template is rendered without error message
*anchor ID found and the tally is 2 or more: short-cite template is rendered with a {{error-small|multiple target}} error message and the article is added to Category:Harv and Sfn template errors
*anchor ID not found: short-cite template is rendered with a {{error-small|no target}} error message and the article is added to Category:Harv and Sfn template errors

The {{error-small|no target}} errors may be true errors or may be [[False positive|false-positive]] errors. For true errors, there is no anchor ID in the article to match the anchor ID expected by the short-cite template. A false-positive error occurs because the article reader can only read the article's raw wikitext, it cannot burrow into wrapper templates. Wrapper templates enclose the template that creates the anchor ID. This enclosure hides the necessary details, so the article reader cannot determine that wrapper template's anchor ID. For example, {{tlx|cite DNB}} is a wrapper template that encloses {{tlx|cite encyclopedia}}. The values assigned to the {{tld|cite DNB}} parameters {{para|year}} and {{para|supplement}} tell {{tld|Cite DNB}} how to set editor names and date in its call to the enclosed {{tld|cite encyclopedia}}, which uses them to create the wrapper template's anchor ID. When a wrapped template creates a matching anchor ID that the article reader cannot see; the link from short-cite to long-form citation works but is marked with a {{error-small|no target}} false-positive error message.

{{CatAutoTOC}}

==Acknowledgements==
{{Wikipedia}}

[[Category:Articles with incorrect citation syntax]]

Category:Places

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[[Category:Articles]]

National Records of Scotland

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{{short description|Non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government}}
{{Use dmy dates|cs1-dates=s|date=August 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name = National Records of Scotland
|nativename='''{{lang-gd|Clàran Nàiseanta na h-Alba}}'''
|type = [[Non-ministerial government department]]
|logo = National Records of Scotland logo.svg
|logo_width =
|picture =
|picture_width =
|picture_caption =
|formed = {{Start date|df=yes|2011|04|1}}
|preceding1 = [[National Archives of Scotland]]
|preceding2 = [[General Register Office for Scotland]]
|jurisdiction = [[Scotland]]
|headquarters = HM General Register House, 2 Princes Street, Edinburgh EH1 3YY
|employees = 430
|budget =
|minister1_name = [[Angus Robertson]]
|minister1_pfo = [[Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution, External Affairs and Culture]]
|chief1_name = Paul Lowe
|chief1_position = Keeper of the Records / Registrar General
|website = {{URL|https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/}}
}}

'''National Records of Scotland''' ({{lang-gd|Clàran Nàiseanta na h-Alba}}) is a [[non-ministerial department]] of the [[Scottish Government]]. It is responsible for [[Civil registry|civil registration]], the [[census]] in [[Scotland]], [[demography]] and [[statistics]], [[family history]], as well as the [[national archives]] and historical records.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nationalrecordsofscotland.gov.uk/about-us/what-we-do |title=What we do |publisher=National Records of Scotland |access-date=2 October 2015}}</ref>

National Records of Scotland was formed from the merger of the [[General Register Office for Scotland]] and the [[National Archives of Scotland]] in 2011; it combines all the functions of the two former organisations.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.gov.scot/News/Releases/2011/03/10144001 |date=11 April 2011 |access-date=2 October 2015 | publisher=[[Scottish Government]] | title=National Records of Scotland}}</ref> The offices of [[Registrar General for Scotland]] and [[Keeper of the Records of Scotland]] remain separate, but since 2011 both have been vested ''[[Ex officio member|ex officio]]'' in the Chief Executive of National Records of Scotland, currently Paul Lowe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/about-us/corporate-governance|title=Corporate Governance|date=31 May 2013 |publisher=National Records of Scotland|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref>

== Services and collections ==
NRS supports research in a number of ways, through guides, websites and training. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=National Records of Scotland Web|date=2013-05-31|title=National Records of Scotland|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20201013061343/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/|archive-date=2020-10-13|access-date=2021-01-11|website=National Records of Scotland|language=en}}</ref> The ScotlandsPeople website, the official Scottish Government site for searching government records and archives, is maintained by NRS in partnership with the [[Court of the Lord Lyon]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ScotlandsPeople|url=https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20210101221252/https://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/|archive-date=2021-01-01|access-date=2021-01-11|website=ScotlandsPeople|language=en}}</ref> NRS provides training in [[palaeography]], the study of historical writing such as [[secretary hand]], which is necessary to read some of its records; it maintains training material on its Scottish Handwriting site.<ref>[http://www.scottishhandwriting.com/ Scottish Handwriting]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=National Records of Scotland Web|date=2013-05-31|title=National Records of Scotland|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/palaeography|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20200504110352/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/learning/palaeography|archive-date=2020-05-04|access-date=2021-01-11|website=National Records of Scotland|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Scottish Handwriting home page|url=https://www.scottishhandwriting.com/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20170401010932/http://www.scottishhandwriting.com/|archive-date=2017-04-01|access-date=2021-01-11|website=www.scottishhandwriting.com}}</ref>

The NRS collects and publishes Scottish [[Official statistics|statistics]] and data relating to registers, notably deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19) in Scotland,<ref>[https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/covid19stats Deaths involving coronavirus (COVID-19) in Scotland]</ref> the source for data provided on the Scottish Government's COVID-19 dashboard.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=National Records of Scotland Web|date=2013-05-31|title=National Records of Scotland|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-a-z|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20201013061343/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/statistics-and-data/statistics/statistics-a-z|archive-date=2020-01-01|access-date=2021-01-11|website=National Records of Scotland|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-30|title=COVID-19 in Scotland: Detailed Analysis. Deaths.|url=https://data.gov.scot/coronavirus-covid-19/detail.html#deaths|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20210101200929/https://data.gov.scot/coronavirus-covid-19/detail.html#deaths|archive-date=2021-01-01|access-date=2021-01-11|website=The Scottish Government - data.gov.scot}}</ref> It also publishes statistics about first names given to babies in Scotland since 1998.<ref>{{Cite web|title=NRS: Baby Names|url=https://scotland.shinyapps.io/nrs-baby-names/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20210315193721/https://scotland.shinyapps.io/nrs-baby-names/|archive-date=2021-03-15|access-date=2021-03-25|website=scotland.shinyapps.io}}</ref>

NRS maintains the [[Scottish Register of Tartans]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Scottish Register of Tartans|url=https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/index|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20200413224314/https://www.tartanregister.gov.uk/index|archive-date=2020-04-13|access-date=2021-01-11|website=www.tartanregister.gov.uk}}</ref>

It aims to be a leader in archival practice and acts a source of guidance to records managers and [[Archivist|archivists]] in Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=National Records of Scotland Web|date=2013-05-31|title=National Records of Scotland|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/record-keeping|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20201009200122/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/record-keeping|archive-date=2020-10-09|access-date=2021-01-11|website=National Records of Scotland|language=en}}</ref>

The NRS Web Continuity Service<ref>[https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/ NRS Web Continuity Service]</ref> launched on 20 November 2017. A [[web archive]] of sites belonging to organisations who deposit records with NRS, the service ensures that previous versions of pages and files can be accessed, while being clearly distinguishable from live content.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Team|first=National Records of Scotland Web|date=2013-05-31|title=NRS Web Continuity Service|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/researching-online/the-nrs-web-continuity-service/web-archiving-and-web-continuity|url-status=live|archive-url=https://webarchive.nrscotland.gov.uk/20201220165157/https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/research/researching-online/the-nrs-web-continuity-service/web-archiving-and-web-continuity|archive-date=2020-12-20|access-date=2021-01-11|website=National Records of Scotland|language=en}}</ref>

==Location==
[[File:HM General Register House, Edinburgh (geograph 2869117).jpg|thumb|left|View of Register House from North Bridge, looking across Princes Street.]]
National Records of Scotland is based in HM General Register House on [[Princes Street]] in the [[New Town, Edinburgh|New Town]] in [[Edinburgh]]. The building was designed by [[Robert Adam]] for the Register House Trustees; it was opened to the public in 1788.

==History==
{{further|Lord Clerk Register|General Register Office for Scotland|National Archives of Scotland}}
The first official tasked with the care and administration of the public records was first recorded in the role of ''Clericus Rotulorum'' (Clerk of the Rolls) in the [[Kingdom of Scotland]] in 1286.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our history|url=https://www.ros.gov.uk/about/what-we-do/our-history|website=Registers of Scotland|language=en|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> Registers, rolls and records were kept in [[Edinburgh Castle]] from about the 13th century.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our history|url=https://www.ros.gov.uk/about/what-we-do/our-history|website=Registers of Scotland|language=en|access-date=2020-05-09}}</ref> The role of the Clerk of the Rolls eventually became known as the [[Lord Clerk Register]], the oldest surviving great [[Great Officers of State|offices of state in Scotland]].<ref>A L Murray 'The Lord Clerk Register' 53 Scot Hist Rev 2 No 156, pp 124–156 (October 1974)</ref> However, records held by the Scottish Crown did not typically include personal data such as [[Birth certificate|birth]], [[Death certificate|death]] and [[Marriage certificate|marriage records]]. Instead, the clergy and other officials of the [[Church of Scotland]] kept [[parish]] records, which recorded personal data such as [[Baptism|baptisms]] and [[Marriage|marriages]], but only for their own church members so parish records were limited in scope. In 1551, a council of Scottish clergy enacted that all parish ministers should keep a record of [[Baptism|baptisms]], [[Burial|burials]] and marriages.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> However, in 1801, the first national Census found that, out of the 850 parishes in Scotland, not more than 99 had regular registers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> This was in part due to sporadic recording keeping and accidental destruction of registers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref>

In 1806, a Royal Warrant established the office of Deputy Clerk Register,<ref>Royal Warrant 1906: National Archives of Scotland C3/24, No 184.</ref> effectively reducing the record keeping duties of the Lord Clerk Register to an honorary title with no day-to-day management of the Registers and Records of Scotland. However, personal data continued to be managed by the clergy, now largely ministers of the [[Church of Scotland]]. The [[Industrial Revolution|Industrial revolution]] radically changed the population demographics of Scotland, with [[Central Belt|central belt]] parishes being swamped by migrants from the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] and [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowlands]] which also contributed to the poor record keeping in registers.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> A bill came before the United Kingdom Parliament in 1829 and several others in subsequent years to introduce a system of state registration, following the similar introduction of public registration in England & Wales in 1837, but the bills were unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> One of the main reasons they were unsuccessful was the opposition, including the [[Church of Scotland]], to attempts in the bills to reform the Scots laws of marriage, which had historically been very informal as [[The Scotsman]] newspaper describes:<blockquote>"Everybody knows that, by the law of Scotland, the marriage ceremony can be performed with as perfect legal effect by a blacksmith as by a clergyman"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref></blockquote>However, the proposals for reform were dropped and in 1854,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> the [[Registers of Scotland|Deputy Clerk Register]]'s duties were also extended to the care of the records of births, deaths and marriages in the role of ''Registrar General'' under the [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/49/enacted Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages (Scotland) Act 1854], which established the [[General Register Office for Scotland|General Registry Office of Births, Deaths and Marriages]]. The 1854 Act also provided that the Registrar General should produce an annual report to be forwarded to the [[Home Secretary]] to be laid before Parliament, containing a general abstract of the numbers of births, deaths and marriages registered during the previous year. The first general abstract (relating to 1855) was submitted in 1856. By the time of his first annual detailed report, published in 1861, the first Registrar General for Scotland, William Pitt Dundas, claimed that: "there is good reason for believing that very few births indeed now escape registration."<ref name=":0">Higgs, Edward, [http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/View?path=Browse/Essays%20%28by%20kind%29/General&active=yes&mno=2003 The development of the General Register Office (Scotland)] Retrieved 26 March 2016</ref>

In 1855 and 1860, two further Acts, the [[Registration (Scotland) Act, 1855]] (18 & 19 Vict., c.29) and the [[Registration (Scotland, Amendment) Act, 1860]] (23 & 24 Vict., c.85), were passed which amended some of the sections of the 1854 Act. The 1854 Act had placed considerable burdens on the [[Sheriff principal|sheriffs]] of the Scottish counties, who had already played a role in the taking of decennial censuses. The amending Acts reduced their responsibilities by appointing registration district examiners to inspect the registers. They also made revised provision for the transmission of the parochial registers up to the year 1820 to the General Register Office Scotland (GROS), and the registers for the years 1820–1855 to the custody of the local registrars. These registers were to be retained by the local registrars for 30 years, after which they were to be sent to the GROS.<ref name=":0" />

In 1879, The Lord Clerk Register (Scotland) Act 1879 further provided that the office of Lord Clerk Register would remain as a ceremonial Great Officer of State,<ref>Lord Clerk Register (Scotland) Act 1879 (c 44), ss 1, 2.</ref> with all record keeping duties passing to the Deputy Clerk Register.<ref>Lord Clerk Register (Scotland) Act 1879 (c 44), section 6.</ref> In 1909 by Sir James Patten McDougall was appointed as Deputy Clerk Register, the last holder of the combined offices of Registrar General and Deputy Lord Clerk Register.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> The Registrar General (Scotland) Act 1920 provided for the appointment by the Secretary of State for Scotland of a full-time ''Registrar General'', separate from the Deputy Clerk Register.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> The recording of personal data was in effect severed from the Deputy Clerk Register, who continued to maintain the records and registers of Scotland.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Registers of Scotland Manuals|url=https://rosdev.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/2ARM/pages/77070887/Timeline+of+Property+Records+in+Scotland|website=rosdev.atlassian.net|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref> Dr James Crawford Dunlop, who had served as medical superintendent of statistics since 1904, held the office of Registrar General from 1921 to 1930. The 12 subsequent Registrars General were drawn from the civil service in Scotland and headed the [[General Register Office for Scotland]] independently from the Deputy Clerk Register.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Scotland's Population 2004: The Registrar General's Annual Review of Demographic Trends: 150th Edition|url=https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/statistics/scotlands-population-2004-the-register-generals-annual-review-150stedition/j9085d05.htm|website=www.nrscotland.gov.uk|access-date=2020-05-19}}</ref>

In 1928, the office of Deputy Clerk Register itself was abolished by the [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo5/18-19/34/contents/enacted Reorganisation of Offices (Scotland) Act 1928], becoming the ''Keeper of the Registers and Records of Scotland''. However, it came to be recognised that the keeping of records and the keeping of registers was too cumbersome a task to be entrusted to a single department.<ref>Report by the Committee of the Scottish Records Advisory Council, July 1943 (National Archives of Scotland HH1/1832)</ref> In 1948, the [http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo6/11-12/57 Public Registers and Records (Scotland) Act 1948] provided that the Registers of Scotland and Records of Scotland were to be split into two separate government organisations with two separate officials: (1) the Keeper of the Registers of Scotland and (2) the Keeper of the Records of Scotland. The Keeper of the Registers of Scotland was given the duties to maintain and preserve the [[Registers of Scotland|General Register of Sasines]], the [[Registers of Scotland|Register of Hornings]], the [[Registers of Scotland|Register of Inhibitions and Adjudications]], the [[Registers of Scotland|Register of Deeds]] and other chancery and judicial registers.<ref>Public Registers and Records (Scotland) Act 1948 s.1(2)</ref> The Keeper of the Records of Scotland, was given the duties to preserve the public registers, records and rolls of Scotland.<ref>Public Registers and Records (Scotland) Act 1948 s.1(3).</ref>

From 1949, the Keeper of the Registers headed the Department of the [[Registers of Scotland]]. The Keeper of the Records of Scotland headed the Records Office, later called the National Archives of Scotland. This left three departments and their respective officials managed the following:

* Personal Data: The Registrar General and the [[General Register Office for Scotland]].
* Records: The Keeper of the Records of Scotland and the Records Office, later the [[National Archives of Scotland]].
* Registers: The Keeper of the Registers of Scotland and [[Registers of Scotland]].

=== Recent mergers ===
The current body (NRS) was created on 1 April 2011 by the merger of the [[General Register Office for Scotland]] and [[National Archives of Scotland]] and is a [[Public bodies of the Scottish Government|Non-ministerial office]] of the [[Scottish Government]]. NRS is one of the [[National Collections of Scotland]] and falls with the ministerial portfolio of the [[Cabinet Secretary for Economy, Fair Work and Culture]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.scot/about/who-runs-government/cabinet-and-ministers/cabinet-secretary-for-economy-fair-work-and-culture/|title=Cabinet Secretary for Economy Fair Work and Culture|publisher=Scottish Government|access-date=9 March 2021}}</ref> The [[Registers of Scotland]] remain a separate organisation and fall within the ministerial portfolio of the [[Cabinet Secretary for Finance]].

==References==
<references />

== Acknowledgements ==
{{Wikipedia}}

== External links ==
*{{Official website|https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/}}

[[Category:Archives in Scotland]]
[[Category:Demographics of Scotland]]
[[Category:Scottish genealogy]]
[[Category:State archives]]

ScotlandsPeople

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#REDIRECT [[National Archives of Scotland#ScotlandsPeople Website]]

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A Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants to the U.S.A.

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Detailed List of the Old Parochial Registers of Scotland

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Template:Directory notes section

2026-08-11T05:44:32Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>
== Directory entries ==
This is a collection of short entries, each pertaining to a different person. {{#ifeq: {{{ancestry|}}}|Yes|They have been incorporated into the book ''[[Passenger and immigration lists index : 720,000 immigrants|Passenger and immigration lists index : a guide to published arrival records of more than 720,000 immigrants]]'' and are, therefore, found in [[Ancestry.com]]'s database [[U.S. and Canada, Passenger and Immigration Lists Index, 1500s-1900s]]. Dates in these entries pertain to the earliest mention of a person in the Americas. This was not necessarily a passenger or immigration list. Ancestry.com labels these dates 'arrival', but they should not be considered as such until confirmed by the [[primary source]]s.<br><br>}} Below is a list of entries found in this source. Typically, they will appear in the 'Immigration sources' section of articles about [[:Category:people|people]] mentioned in the entry. {{#if: {{{copyright_transcription|}}}|This source is still under copyright so the entries cannot be preproduced here verbatim.|{{#ifeq:{{{copyright|}}}|Copyright author|This source is still under copyright so the entries cannot be preproduced here verbatim.}}}}

{{Show directory entries|book}}
{{#if: {{{notes|}}}|<h2>Discussion</h2>
{{{notes|}}}}}{{#if: {{{footnotes|}}}|<h2>Notes</h2>
{{NoteFoot}}}}
== Source citation ==
Directory entries are not considered [[primary source]]s. Typically, directory entries will include references to the original source material. Ideally, that source would be cited in articles. In the rare case that the directory entry itself needs to be referenced, add the citation below within the body of the article.</includeonly>
<noinclude>{{documentation}}
</noinclude>

Patrick Ross, schoolmaster in Farr

2026-08-11T05:41:03Z

Redheadkelly:

{{SHORTDESC:Immigrated to America in 1774}}
{{Infobox Ross ancestor
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| residence = Farr Parish, Sutherland
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| emigration_date = 15 April 1774
| emigration_place = Port Lerwick, Shetland
| immigration_date =
| immigration_place = Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina
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'''Patrick Ross''' was a schoolmaster in Farr Parish, Sutherland. He boarded the Ship Bachelor at Port Lerwick, Shetland, on 15 April 1774, headed for Wilmington, North Carolina.

== DNA evidence ==
=== Y-DNA ===
Research has not yet uncovered descendants of this Patrick Ross, therefore no Y-DNA results have been associated with him in the {{Ross Surname Project}}."

== Biography ==
<div class="leafletmap">{{#display_map: geojson=FarrParish |
60.15530033, -1.14317711~Port of Lerwick, Shetland
|layers=NLS.osgb1888
|service=leaflet
}}</div>
<div class="leafletmap">{{#display_map: layers=Thunderforest.Pioneer|service=leaflet|
34.2257,-77.9447~Arrival, 15 April 1774
|zoom=9
}}</div>

=== Early life ===


=== Ancestors ===
{{Ancestors & descendants chart
|1=
|2=
|3=
|4=
|5=
|6=
|7=
|descendants=
}}

=== Marriage and children ===


=== Occupation ===


=== Military ===


=== Death & burial ===


=== Timeline ===
{{Show timeline|person}}

== Research notes ==
* The letter dated 8 Mar 1772 refers only to a schoolmaster Mr. Ross. It does not specify that Mr. Ross was the schoolmaster in Farr Parish. It does discuss the fox hunting in Farr Parish, so it is an assumption, at this point, that this Mr. Ross is the same man as Patrick Ross, schoolmaster in Farr Parish. A copy of the letter has not yet been obtained from the [[NRS]].
* Farr Parish did not record births until 1790 and marriages until 1801.{{sfn|Great Britain|1872|p=[https://www.nrscotland.gov.uk/files/research/list-of-oprs/detailed-list-of-old-parochial-registers-of-scotland.pdf#page=7 6]}}

=== Immigration sources ===
{{Ancestry immigration database text|Patrick Ross|several}}
{{Show directory entries|person}}

== Sources ==
<references />

'''Bibliography'''
* {{Parochial full}}
* {{cite journal |date=April 1934 |year=1934 |editor-last1=Newsome |editor-first1=A. R. |title=Records of Emigrants from Scotland |journal=[[The North Carolina Historical Review]] |series=[[Records of Emigrants from England and Scotland to North Carolina, 1774-1775]] |volume=11 |issue=2 |jstor=23514858 }}
* {{Dictionary of Scottish Emigrants full}}

{{Disclaimer}}

GeoJson:DornachFarrGirvanGlasgowParishes

2026-08-11T05:40:35Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

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"properties": {
"title": "Glasgow Parish",
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"Shape_Leng": 49980.3444233,
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"description": "Civil Parish pre 1891, National Records of Scotland",
"stroke": "#3388ff",
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}

Template:Immigration subobject

2026-08-11T05:40:35Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{Timeline subobject
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}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Periodical article

2026-08-11T05:40:35Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{Use mdy dates|cs1-dates=s|date=May 2023}}
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{{#if: {{{url|}}}|{{!}} [[Has URL::{{{url|}}}]]}}
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{{#if: {{{oclc|}}}|{{!}} [[Has OCLC::{{{oclc|}}}]]}}
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__NOTOC__

== Citing source {{#if:{{{property|}}}|and assigning properties}} ==

{{#if:{{{series|}}}
|Source citations should reference individual articles. {{#if: {{{citation_template|}}}
|{{tl|{{{citation_template|}}}}} has been created to facilitate citing this series.{{#set:Has citation template={{{citation_template|}}}}}
| The template below can be used as a basis for these citations.<br><br>
}}
|To cite this source in an article, use {{tlx|sfn|{{#if:{{{ref|}}}
|{{{ref|}}}
|{{#if:{{{last1|}}}|{{{last1|}}}{{!}}}}{{#if:{{{last2|}}}|{{{last2|}}}{{!}}}}{{#if:{{{last3|}}}|{{{last3|}}}{{!}}}}{{{date|{{{year|{{{publication_date|}}}}}}}}}{{!}}p{{=}}[]}}}} in the body of the article. In the {{tl|sfn}} template, include the page number linked to the page in the online source.

Then add to the sources list in the 'Sources' section:<br>
{{#if: {{{citation_template|}}}
|{{#if:{{{template_parameters|}}}
|<code>* {{tlx|{{{citation_template|}}}|{{{template_parameters|}}}}}</code>{{#set:Has citation template={{{citation_template|}}}}}
|<code>* {{tl|{{{citation_template|}}}}}</code>{{#set:Has citation template={{{citation_template|}}}}}
}}
}}
}}
{{#if: {{{citation_template|}}}||<code>* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>cite {{#switch:{{{source_type}}}|Journal article=journal|Newsletter article=magazine|Magazine article=magazine|Newspaper article=news}} {{!}}last1={{{last1|}}} {{!}}first1={{{first1|}}} {{!}}author-link1={{{author_link1|}}} {{#if:{{{last2|}}}|{{!}}last2= {{{last2|}}}}} {{#if:{{{first2|}}}|{{!}}first2={{{first2|}}}}} {{#if:{{{author_link2|}}}|{{!}}author-link2={{{author_link2|}}}}} {{#if:{{{last3|}}}|{{!}}last3={{{last3|}}}}} {{#if:{{{first3|}}}|{{!}}first3={{{first3|}}}}} {{#if:{{{author_link3|}}}|{{!}}author-link3={{{author_link3|}}}}} {{#if:{{{last4|}}}|{{!}}last4={{{last4|}}}}} {{#if:{{{first4|}}}|{{!}}first4={{{first4|}}}}} {{#if:{{{author_link4|}}}|{{!}}author-link4={{{author_link4|}}}}} {{#if:{{{last5|}}}|{{!}}last5={{{last5|}}}}} {{#if:{{{first5|}}}|{{!}}first5={{{first5|}}}}} {{#if:{{{author_link5|}}}|{{!}}author-link5={{{author_link5|}}}}} {{#if:{{{display_authors|}}}|{{!}}display-authors={{{display_authors|}}}}} {{#if:{{{author_mask|}}}|{{!}}author-mask={{{author_mask|}}}}} {{#if:{{{name_list_style|}}}|{{!}}name-list-style={{{name_list_style|}}}}} {{#if:{{{date|}}}|{{!}}date={{{date|}}}}} {{#if:{{{year|}}}|{{!}}year={{{year|}}}}} {{#if:{{{orig_date|}}}|{{!}}orig-date={{{orig_date|}}}}} {{!}}editor-last1={{{editor_last1|}}} {{!}}editor-first1={{{editor_first1|}}} {{!}}editor-link1={{{editor_link1|}}} {{#if:{{{editor_last2|}}}|{{!}}editor-last2={{{editor_last2|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_first2|}}}|{{!}}editor-first2={{{editor_first2|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_link2|}}}|{{!}}editor-link2={{{editor_link2|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_last3|}}}|{{!}}editor-last3={{{editor_last3|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_first3|}}}|{{!}}editor-first3={{{editor_first3|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_link3|}}}|{{!}}editor-link3={{{editor_link3|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_last4|}}}|{{!}}editor-last4={{{editor_last4|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_first4|}}}|{{!}}editor-first4={{{editor_first4|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_link4|}}}|{{!}}editor-link4={{{editor_link4|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_last5|}}}|{{!}}editor-last5={{{editor_last5|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_first5|}}}|{{!}}editor-first5={{{editor_first5|}}}}} {{#if:{{{editor_link5|}}}|{{!}}editor-link5={{{editor_link5|}}}}} {{#if:{{{display_editors|}}}|{{!}}display-editors={{{display_editors|}}}}} {{#if:{{{others|}}}|{{!}}others={{{others|}}}}} {{!}}title={{{title}}} {{#if:{{{translated_title|}}}|{{!}}trans-title={{{translated_title|}}}}} {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{!}}url={{{url|}}}}} {{#if: {{{url_access|}}}|{{!}}url-access={{{url_access|}}}}} {{#if: {{{url_status|}}}|{{!}}url-status={{{url_status|}}}}} {{#if:{{{format|}}}|{{!}}format= {{{format|}}}}} {{#if:{{{department|}}}|{{!}}department= {{{department|}}}}} {{!}}{{#switch:{{{source_type}}}|Journal=journal|Newsletter=magazine|Magazine=magazine|Newspaper=work}}=<nowiki>[[</nowiki>{{{publication_name|}}}<nowiki>]]</nowiki> {{#if:{{{type|}}}|{{!}}type={{{type|}}}}} {{#if:{{{series|}}}|{{!}}series=<nowiki>[[</nowiki>{{{series|}}}<nowiki>]]</nowiki>}} {{#if:{{{language|}}}|{{!}}language= {{{language|}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{{source_type}}}|Newspaper|{{!}}edition=}} {{#if:{{{edition|}}}|{{!}}edition={{{edition|}}}}} {{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{!}}location= {{{location|}}}}} {{!}}publisher={{{publisher|}}} {{#if:{{{publication_place|}}}|{{!}}publication-place={{{publication_place|}}}}} {{#if:{{{publication_date|}}}|{{!}}publication-date={{{publication_date|}}}}} {{#if:{{{volume|}}}|{{!}}volume={{{volume|}}}}} {{#if:{{{issue|}}}|{{!}}issue={{{issue|}}}}} {{#if:{{{agency|}}}|{{!}}agency={{{agency|}}}}} {{#if:{{{page|}}}|{{!}}page={{{page|}}}}} {{!}}pages= {{#if:{{{at|}}}|{{!}}at={{{at|}}}}} {{#if:{{{no_pp|}}}|{{!}}no-pp={{{no_pp|}}}}} {{#if: {{{doi|}}}|{{!}}doi={{{doi|}}}}} {{#if:{{{doi_broken_date|}}}|{{!}}doi-broken-date={{{doi_broken_date|}}}}} {{#if: {{{doi-access|}}}{{!}}doi-access= {{#ifeq: {{{doi-access|}}}|Free|free}}}} {{#if:{{{isbn|}}}|{{!}}isbn={{{isbn|}}}}} {{!}}issn= {{#if: {{{issn|}}}|{{{issn|}}}}} {{!}}jstor={{{jstor|}}} {{!}}jstor-access={{#ifeq: {{{jstor_access|}}}|Free|free}} {{#if:{{{lccn|}}}|{{!}}lccn={{{lccn|}}}}} {{#if: {{{oclc|}}}|{{!}}oclc={{{oclc|}}}}} {{#if: {{{open_library|}}}|{{!}}ol={{{open_library|}}}}} {{#if: {{{ol_access|}}}|{{!}}ol-access= {{#ifeq: {{{ol_access|}}}|Free|free}}}} {{#if:{{{ssrn|}}}|{{!}}ssrn={{{ssrn|}}}}} {{#if: {{{id|}}}|{{!}}id= {{{id|}}}}} {{#if: {{{via|}}}|{{!}}via= {{{via|}}}}} {{#if:{{{ref|}}}|{{!}}ref={{{ref|}}}}} {{#if: {{{archive_url|}}}|{{!}}archive-url={{{archive_url|}}}}} {{#if: {{{archive_date|}}}|{{!}}archive-date={{{archive_date|}}}}} <nowiki>}}</nowiki>{{#if:{{{series|}}}||<nowiki>{{#set: Has source=</nowiki>{{PAGENAME}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} </code>
}}

== Sources ==
<references />

* {{cite {{#switch:{{{source_type}}}|Journal article=journal|Newsletter article=magazine|Magazine article=magazine|Newspaper article=news}}
| last1 = {{{last1|}}}
| first1 = {{{first1|}}}
| author-link1 = {{{author_link1|}}}
| last2 = {{{last2|}}}
| first2 = {{{first2|}}}
| author-link2 = {{{author_link2|}}}
| last3 = {{{last3|}}}
| first3 = {{{first3|}}}
| author-link3 = {{{author_link3|}}}
| last4 = {{{last4|}}}
| first4 = {{{first4|}}}
| author-link4 = {{{author_link4|}}}
| last5 = {{{last5|}}}
| first5 = {{{first5|}}}
| author-link5 = {{{author_link5|}}}
| display-authors = {{{display_authors|}}}
| author-mask = {{{author_mask|}}}
| name-list-style = {{{name_list_style|}}}
| date = {{{date|}}}
| year = {{{year|}}}
| orig-date = {{{orig_date|}}}
| editor1-last = {{{editor_last1|}}}
| editor1-first = {{{editor_first1|}}}
| editor1-link = {{{editor_link1|}}}
| editor2-last = {{{editor_last2|}}}
| editor2-first = {{{editor_first2|}}}
| editor2-link = {{{editor_link2|}}}
| editor3-last = {{{editor_last3|}}}
| editor3-first = {{{editor_first3|}}}
| editor3-link = {{{editor_link3|}}}
| editor4-last = {{{editor_last4|}}}
| editor4-first = {{{editor_first4|}}}
| editor4-link = {{{editor_link4|}}}
| editor5-last = {{{editor_last5|}}}
| editor5-first = {{{editor_first5|}}}
| editor5-link = {{{editor_link5|}}}
| display-editors = {{{display_editors|}}}
| others = {{{others|}}}
| title = {{#if:{{{title|}}}|{{{title|}}}|Article title}}
| trans-title = {{#if:{{{translated_title|}}}|{{{translated_title|}}}| }}
| url = {{{url|}}}
| url-access = {{{url_access|}}}
| url-status = {{{url_status|}}}
| format = {{{format|}}}
| department = {{{department|}}}
| {{#switch:{{{source_type}}}|Journal article=journal|Newsletter article=magazine|Magazine article=magazine|Newspaper article=work}}=[[{{{publication_name|}}}]]
| type = {{{type|}}}
| series = {{{series|}}}
| language = {{{language|}}}
| edition = {{{edition|}}}
| location = {{{location|}}}
| publisher = {{{publisher|}}}
| publication-place = {{{publication_place|}}}
| publication-date = {{#if:|{{{publication_start_date|}}}|{{{publication_start_date|}}}{{#if:{{{publication_end_date|}}}|-{{{publication_end_date|}}}}}|{{{publication_date|}}}}}
| volume = {{{volume|}}}
| issue = {{{issue|}}}
| agency = {{{agency|}}}
| page = {{{page|}}}
| pages = {{{pages|}}}
| at = {{{at|}}}
| no-pp = {{{no_pp|}}}
| doi = {{{doi|}}}
| doi-broken-date = {{{doi_broken_date|}}}
| doi-access = {{#ifeq:{{{doi-access|}}}|Free|free|}}
| isbn = {{{isbn|}}}
| issn = {{{issn|}}}
| jstor = {{{jstor|}}}
| jstor-access = {{#ifeq: {{{jstor_access|}}}|Free|free}}
| lccn = {{{lccn|}}}
| oclc = {{{oclc|}}}
| ol = {{{open_library|}}}
| ol-access = {{#ifeq:{{{ol_access|}}}|Free|free|}}
| ssrn = {{{ssrn|}}}
| id = {{{id|}}}
| via = {{{via|}}}
| ref = {{{ref|}}}
| access-date = {{{access_date|}}}
| archive-url = {{{archive_url|}}}
| archive-date = {{{archive_date|}}}
}}{{#if: {{{bibliography|}}}|{{{bibliography|}}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{sort|}}}}}

[[Category:{{{source_type}}}s]]
<span style="display:none">{{#default_form:Source - Periodical}}</span>
<nowiki /></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Directory entry subobject

2026-08-11T05:40:35Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly><div style="display:none;">{{#if: {{{public_domain_entry|}}}|{{#subobject:{{#if:{{{entry_number|}}}|{{{entry_number|}}}|{{{entry_precedence|}}}}} {{{entry_name}}}
|Has subobject type=Directory entry
|Has person subject={{{person_page|}}}|+sep=;
|Has entry number={{{entry_number|}}}
|Has one-line bio={{{public_domain_entry|}}}
|Has entry name={{{entry_name}}}
|Has name={{{name|}}};{{{spouse|}}};{{{children|}}}|+sep=;
|Has occupation={{{occupation|}}}|+sep=;
|Has military={{{military|}}}
|Has military engagement={{{battle|}}}
|Has place={{{place|}}}|+sep=;
|Has transport ship={{{ship|}}}
|Has citation reference={{{reference|}}}|+sep=;
|Has source={{{source}}}
|Has citation={{{citation}}}
|Has citation name={{{citation_name}}}
|Has entry precedence={{{entry_precedence|}}}
}}|{{#if: {{{copyrighted_entry|}}}|{{#subobject:{{#if:{{{entry_number|}}}|{{{entry_number|}}}|{{{entry_precedence|}}}}} {{{entry_name}}}
|Has subobject type=Directory entry
|Has person subject={{{person_page|}}}|+sep=;
|Has entry number={{{entry_number|}}}
|Has entry name={{{entry_name}}}
|Has name={{{name|}}};{{{spouse|}}};{{{children|}}}|+sep=;
|Has occupation={{{occupation|}}}|+sep=;
|Has military allegiance={{{military|}}}
|Has military engagement={{{battle|}}}
|Has place={{{place|}}}|+sep=;
|Has transport ship={{{ship|}}}
|Has citation reference={{{reference|}}}|+sep=;
|Has source={{{source}}}
|Has citation={{{citation}}}
|Has citation name={{{citation_name}}}
|Has entry precedence={{{entry_precedence|}}}
}}
}}
}}{{#if: {{{database|}}}|{{#subobject:{{{list_number|}}}
|Has subobject type=Database entry
|Has source={{{source}}}
|Has entry name={{{entry_name}}}
|Has person subject={{{person_page|}}}
|Has birth year={{{birth_year|}}}
|Has arrival year={{{arrival_year|}}}
|Has arrival start date={{{arrival_start|}}}
|Has arrival end date={{{arrival_end|}}}
|Has arrival place={{{arrival_place|}}}
|Has Immigration Lists number={{{list_number|}}}
}}
}}{{#set: Has person subject={{{person_page|}}}|+sep=;}} {{#set: Has citation name={{{citation_name|}}}}}</div></includeonly>
<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude>

Template:Directory section

2026-08-11T05:40:34Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

<includeonly>{{Use mdy dates|cs1-dates=s|date=December 2022}}
{| style="text-align:left;margin-left:20px;"
|-
! scope="colgroup" colspan="2" style="font-size:20px;text-align:left;"|'{{{section}}}' entries from ''[[{{{source}}}]]'' {{#set: Has source title={{{source}}};{{{section}}}|+sep=;}}
|}
{{#if: {{{transcription|}}}|<div style="margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;" class="booktext">{{{transcription|}}}</div><br>}}
{{#if:{{{copyright_transcription|}}}|<div style="margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;">Material in this source is still under copyright, so a transcription cannot be published.</div><br>|{{#ifeq:{{{copyright|}}}|Copyright author|<div style="margin-left:20px;margin-top:20px;">Material in this source is still under copyright, so a transcription cannot be published.</div><br>}}}}
{{Source page people & places}}{{#set: Has objectClass=Document}}{{#set: Has document type={{#switch: {{{source_type}}}
|Book=Book
|Journal=Journal article
|Newsletter=Newsletter article
|Thesis=Academic thesis
|Book}}}}{{#set: Include in source page={{{source}}}}}{{#set: Include in page section=Chapter}}{{#if: {{{name|}}}| {{#set: Has name={{{name|}}}|+sep=;}}}}{{#if: {{{place|}}}| {{#set: Has place={{{place|}}}|+sep=;}}}}{{#if: {{{related_documents|}}}| {{#set: Has related document={{{related_documents|}}}|+sep=;}}}}{{#if: {{{related_topic|}}}| {{#set: Has related document={{{related_topic|}}}|+sep=;}}}}
__NOTOC__
{{Directory notes section}}
{{#ask: [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}]]
|?Has citation name
|format=list
|link=none
|sort=Has citation name
|order=asc
|headers=hide
|mainlabel=-
|intro=<code><nowiki><ref name="</nowiki>
|outro=<nowiki>" /></nowiki></code>
|valuesep=<nowiki>" /></nowiki></code><br><code><nowiki><ref name="</nowiki>
}}{{#if: {{{citation_template|}}}
|<br><br>Then add to Sources section:<br><code>*
{{#if:{{{citation_template_parameter|}}}|{{tlx|{{{citation_template|}}}|{{{citation_template_parameter|}}}{{=}}{{{citation_template_parameter_value|}}}}}
|{{#if:{{{volume|}}}|{{tlx|{{{citation_template|}}}|volume{{=}}{{{volume|}}}}}
|{{tlx|{{{citation_template|}}}}}
}}
}}</code>
|{{#if: {{{full_citation_text|}}}|<br><br>Then add to Sources section:<br>
<code>* <nowiki>{{</nowiki>{{{full_citation_text|}}}<nowiki>}}{{#set: Has source=</nowiki>{{{source}}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>
}}
}}

{{#if:{{{copyright|}}}|<h2>Copyright</h2>
Copyright pertaining to the material in this source.
{{{{{copyright|}}}}}}}
== Sources ==
<references />
{{#if: {{{citation_template|}}}|
* {{{{{citation_template|}}}|volume={{{volume|}}}}}|{{#if: {{{full_citation|}}}|
* {{{full_citation|}}}<br>}}}}{{#if: {{{bibliography|}}}|{{{bibliography|}}}<br>}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{sort|}}}}}
[[Category:{{#switch: {{{source_type}}}
|Book=Book
|Journal=Journal article
|Newsletter=Newsletter article
|Thesis=Academic thesis
|Book}} transcriptions]]
[[Category:Secondary sources]]
<span style="display:none">{{#default_form:Directory section}}</span><nowiki /></includeonly>
<noinclude>{{documentation}}
</noinclude>