Ross Surname Project - User contributions [en]

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:56:22Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Confirmation by Pope Alexander IV of the Bishop of Ross's ordinance for the church of Rosemarkie
|description=Pope Alexander IV confirms the ordinance by which the Bishop of Ross, with the consent of his chapter, assigned revenues to the dignities and prebends of the church of Rosemarkie and set statutes for its canons and vicars.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=9 February 1256
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Alexander IV, an. II, ep. 108
|transcription=Episcopo Rossensi quaedam ordinationes a praedecessore suo in commodum ecclesiae factae confirmantur. Reg. An. II. epist. 108.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Episcopo, et dilectis filiis Capitulo Rossensi, sal. etc. Cum a nobis petitur etc. usque effectum. Sane fraternitatis tue petitio nobis exposita continebat, quod felicis recordationis G. papa, predecessor noster, augmentandi in ecclesia Rosmarkinensi Rossensis diocesis prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem, prout expedire videret, prebendas alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, bone memorie Roberto Episcopo Rossensi predecessori tuo concessit per apostolicas litteras facultatem. Verum licet idem Epus in augmentatione antiquarum, et creatione seu ordinatione aliarum prebendarum auctoritate litterarum huiusmodi processisset, quia tamen in ordinatione sua de Decanatu, Precentoria, Cancellaria, Thesauria, Archidiaconatu et aliis prebendis eiusdem ecclesie simplicibus in generali faciens mentionem, non expressit, quid cui prebende assignatum fuerit, vel debuerit pertinere: tu ordinatione ipsius Episcopi tam ipsarum litterarum, sicut poteras, quam propria in aliquibus supplens, et in aliquibus corrigens et augmentans, deliberatione prehabita provide ordinando Decanatui, Cantorie, Cancellarie et Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Rosnarkino et de Crumbarch inter dignitates ipsas equaliter dividendas, prebendarum earundem dignitatum tenuitate pensata, predicto Decanatui omnes decimas garbarum et alteragium de Andresser, salvis episcopalibus, omnesque decimas garbarum de Kelmur, exceptis garbis dimidie Davach de Aleyn, Cantorie autem omnes decimas garbarum de Kenneythes et de Suthy, Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Urcharde et de Legidibride, Archidiaconatui vero decimas omnes garbarum de Fortherdi et de Edordor, exceptis garbis unius Davach de Aleyn, Subdecanatui omnes decimas garbarum de Thayne et de Eduthayne, Succentorie ecclesiam de Bron et omnes decimas garbarum de Inverferan, cum omnes predicte decime ad Rossensem pertineant ecclesiam, provide perpetuo assignasti. Prebende quoque Episcopi, quem voluisti in Canonicorum eiusdem ecclesie numero computari, debere omnes decimas ecclesiarum de Niger et de Tharbert ad predictam pertinentes ecclesiam curasti etiam perpetuo assignare, quibusdam decimas garbarum de certis locis simplicibus prebendis, et quatuor Vicariis quatuor personarum altaragia de Roskyarkyn et de Crumbaty ecclesiarum sine omni onere episcopali, ita tamen quod honeste utrique ecclesie serviatur, et omnibus ecclesiis de Ergaythel ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus, cum vacaverint, communi Canonicorum prefate ecclesie in perpetuum assignatis. Preterea statuisti, quod maior Decanus sicut in Saluberiensi ecclesia eligatur, et nullus ad aliquam quatuor dignitatum, nec ad Subdecanatum, nec ad Succentoriam admittatur, nisi sacerdos existat: Archidiaconus vero sit diaconus, neque ad aliquam prebendam simplicem quisquam recipiatur, nisi fuerit in sacris ordinibus constitutus. Adiecisti etiam statuto huiusmodi, quod nullus installetur in choro sepefate ecclesie, priusquam iuramentum prestiterit de residentia continua facienda ibidem, nisi peregrine proficiscatur, vel in scolis steterit, aut alia honesta causa de licentia Episcopi ad certum tempus eius absentiam excusabit, et quod Subdecanus Vicarium diaconum, et Succentor Vicarium subdiaconum, Episcopus vero nomine prebende sue perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem, cuius stipendiis sex marcas sterlingorum percipiendas in alteragio de Fordi annis singulis deputasti, et Archidiaconus perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem habeat in ecclesia memorata. Quelibet vero simplex prebenda Vicarium habeat subdiaconum, cui suus dominus, pro quo in ecclesia ipsa ministrat, capam nigram et superpellicium largiatur. Vicarii vero perpetui singuli superpellicia et capas nigras propriis sumptibus sibi ipsis acquirant. Porro tam Canonici, quam Vicarii, si necesse habeant ab ecclesia infra diocesim suam, vel extra pro suis promovendis negociis proficisci, et ultra unius diei spacium moram trahere, a Decano vel Subdecano seu ab eorum vices gerentibus licentiam postulent sibi dari. Duobus tamen Vicariis insimul abesse non liceat, nisi urgens causa et evidens id exposcat. Si quis vero Vicariorum tam perpetuorum, quam simplicium ultra triduum ab ecclesia moram fecerit absque causa rationabili, Vicariis residentibus certam pecunie quantitatem exolvat, et ipsius excrescente mora pena ei pecuniaria gravior infligatur. Si autem residens canonicis horis non interfuerit in ecclesia, nulla eum causa rationabili excusante, a Subdecano debeat subici discipline. Excessus Canonicorum ab Episcopo, et Vicariorum a Decano vel Subdecano, vel ab eorum vices gerentibus corrigantur: in quorum Vicariorum correctione si dicti Decanus et Subdecanus inventi fuerint negligentes nimirum vel remissi, statuisti super eisdem excessibus correctionem ad Episcopum pertinere, vel si ad ipsum ex aliqua iusta causa fuerit appellatum. Verum si quis de Canonicorum familiaribus cuiquam infra Canoniam forfecerit sine sanguinis effusione, vel etiam alicuius membri mutilatione, de excessu huiusmodi coram Canonicis in Capitulo cognoscatur, et de forisfacto Epo satisfiat. Insuper autem statuti adiectione firmasti, ut omnes Canonici ante ipsorum installationem similiter, et Vicarii perpetui priusquam ad Vicariam aliquam perpetuam in eadem ecclesia admittantur, prestent de celandis secretis Capituli, que quidem poterunt sine peccato celari, et servandis ecclesie constitutionibus, quodque prestabunt Epo suo ad revocanda dispersa, fidele consilium et auxilium iusiurandum. Statuisti etiam, ut singulis diebus per aliquem, quem precentor vel ipsius vicem gerens semel in ebdomada ad hoc duxerit ordinandum, Missa pro defunctis, et specialiter pro Epis loci et universis ecclesie benefactoribus celebretur, et quod omnes mansiones Canonicorum, cum vacaverint, excepta dumtaxat mansione Decani, ad Episcopi collationem pertineant, ita tamen quod Canonicis conferantur. Aliis omnibus articulis in predicti predecessoris tui ordinatione contentis, de quibus in tua huiusmodi ordinatione fit mentio, in suo robore duraturis, prout in litteris exinde confectis, et tuo atque communi Capituli tui, suum super premissis consensum interponentis, sigillis munitis plenius dicitur contineri. Nos itaque tuis precibus inclinati, ordinationem huiusmodi, sicut provide factam, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus etc. usque communimus. Nulli etc. nostre confirmationis etc. Datum Laterani v. Id. Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
|name=Alexander IV;Gregory IX;Robert
|place=Rosemarkie;Cromarty;Ardersier;Kinnettes;Suddie;Urquhart;Tain;Edderton;Nigg;Tarbat;Argyll;Salisbury;Rome
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
|notes=Theiner's heading describes the letter as confirming ordinances made by the bishop's predecessor. The letter itself confirms the present bishop's own ordinance, which supplemented, corrected and extended the earlier ordinance of Robert, late Bishop of Ross, made under licence from "G." pope. The present bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank.

"G. papa" is identified in the name field as Gregory IX. His letter of 29 May 1235 (Theiner, no. 80) grants the Bishop of Ross, there unnamed, licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and ordain new ones, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance. The wording of that grant is repeated almost word for word in this letter, and its date falls within Robert's episcopate.

The following places are given as printed and have not been identified: Kelmur (one of the Kilmuirs?), Legidibride, Fortherdi, Edordor, Bron, Inverferan, the davachs of Aleyn, Fordi, and Ergaythel (the churches "of Argyll" belonging to the church of Ross). "Rosnarkino" and "Roskyarkyn" are probably misprints for Rosemarkie; "Crumbarch" and "Crumbaty" are Cromarty.

The date v Id. Feb., 2nd year of Alexander IV, is 9 February 1256. The page header in Theiner also gives 1256.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|pages=69-70
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/69/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=9 February 1256
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=9 February 1256 - Pope Alexander IV, to the Bishop and Chapter of Ross. The bishop has petitioned that Pope G. granted Robert, late Bishop of Ross, licence to augment the slender prebends in the church of Rosemarkie and to ordain new ones; that Robert, in doing so, mentioned the deanery, precentorship, chancellorship, treasurership, archdeaconry and simple prebends only in general terms, without stating what belonged to each; and that the bishop, supplying, correcting and augmenting Robert's ordinance, has assigned in perpetuity the teind sheaves of Rosnarkin and Crumbarch, to be divided equally among the deanery, chantry, chancellorship and treasurership; to the deanery, the teind sheaves and altarage of Andresser, saving episcopal dues, and the teind sheaves of Kelmur, except those of half a davach of Aleyn; to the chantry, the teind sheaves of Kenneythes and Suthy; to the treasurership, those of Urcharde and Legidibride; to the archdeaconry, those of Fortherdi and Edordor, except those of one davach of Aleyn; to the subdeanery, those of Thayne and Eduthayne; to the succentorship, the church of Bron and the teind sheaves of Inverferan; to the bishop's own prebend, the bishop being counted among the canons, the teinds of the churches of Niger and Tharbert; to the simple prebends, the teind sheaves of certain places; to the four vicars of the four dignitaries, the altarages of the churches of Roskyarkyn and Crumbaty, free of episcopal burdens; and to the common fund of the canons, the churches of Ergaythel belonging to the church, as they fall vacant. The bishop has also ordained that the dean be elected as in the church of Salisbury; that none be admitted to the four dignities, the subdeanery or the succentorship unless he is a priest, that the archdeacon be a deacon, and that none be received to a simple prebend unless in holy orders; that none be installed in the choir before swearing continual residence, unless absent on pilgrimage, at the schools, or for another honest cause by the bishop's licence; that the subdean have a deacon and the succentor a subdeacon as vicar, and the bishop and the archdeacon each a priest as perpetual vicar, the bishop's vicar to receive six marks sterling yearly from the altarage of Fordi; that each simple prebend have a subdeacon as vicar, to whom his canon gives a black cope and surplice, perpetual vicars providing their own; that canons and vicars obtain leave from the dean or subdean to be away more than a day, that two vicars not be absent together without urgent cause, and that a vicar absent more than three days without reasonable cause pay a fine to the resident vicars; that a resident absent from the canonical hours be disciplined by the subdean; that canons' excesses be corrected by the bishop, and vicars' by the dean or subdean, or by the bishop if they are negligent or on appeal; that an offence by a canon's servant within the canonry, without bloodshed or mutilation, be tried before the canons in chapter, with the forfeiture paid to the bishop; that canons before installation and perpetual vicars before admission swear to keep the chapter's secrets and the church's constitutions and to give the bishop faithful counsel and aid in recovering what has been dispersed; that a mass for the dead, especially for the bishops of the place and the church's benefactors, be celebrated daily; and that canons' manses, except the dean's, be at the bishop's collation, to be conferred on canons. All other articles of Robert's ordinance are to stand. The ordinance having been sealed by the bishop and the chapter, the pope confirms it. Given at the Lateran.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), pp. 69-70, no. 182.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:56:22Z

Redheadkelly: New Source page: Alexander IV to the Bishop and Chapter of Ross, 9 Feb 1256

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80

2026-10-06T05:56:21Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Licence of Pope Gregory IX to the Bishop of Ross to augment the prebends of his church
|description=Pope Gregory IX grants the Bishop of Ross licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and to create new ones.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=29 May 1235
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Gregory IX, an. IX, ep. 83
|transcription=Rossensi episcopo, ut exiles prebendarum suae ecclesiae redditus augere, et novas praebendas instituere possit. Reg. An. IX. ep. 83.

GREGORIUS EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Rossensi Episcopo, salutem etc. Petentis desiderium, quod divini nominis auget cultum, eo propensius exaudire nos convenit, quo magis ex hoc, qui honorari se in ministris asserit, honoratur. Cum igitur, sicut tua nobis exhibita petitio continebat, adeo exiles in Rossensi ecclesia sint prebende, quod quatuor solis canonicis, qui eas obtinent, propter ipsarum tenuitatem residere non valentibus in eadem, ipsa in divinis patitur detrimentum, et per dei gratiam in terra ipsius facultates excreverint, quod in ea cum canonicorum numero augeri potest et debet ipsa taxatio prebendarum: nos fraternitatis tue precibus inclinati, augmentandi prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, si sit etiam per sedem apostolicam confirmata, prout expedire videris, liberam tibi auctoritate presentium concedimus facultatem. Nulli ergo etc. nostre concessionis etc. Datum Perusii IIII. Kalendas Iunii, Pontificatus nostri anno nono.
|name=Gregory IX
|place=Perugia
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
|notes=The bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank. A letter of Alexander IV of 9 February 1256 (Theiner, no. 182) states that this licence was granted to Robert, Bishop of Ross, and repeats its wording almost word for word. That letter also places the church concerned at Rosemarkie, which is not named here.

The date IIII Kal. Iun., 9th year of Gregory IX, is 29 May 1235.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|page=32
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/32/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=29 May 1235
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=29 May 1235 - Pope Gregory IX, to the Bishop of Ross. The bishop has petitioned that the prebends in the church of Ross are so slender that the four canons who hold them cannot reside there, to the detriment of divine service, while the church's resources have so increased that the number of canons and the assessment of the prebends can and ought to be augmented. The pope grants the bishop licence to augment the slender prebends and to ordain new ones there as he sees fit, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance, even one confirmed by the apostolic see. Given at Perugia.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), p. 32, no. 80.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80

2026-10-06T05:56:21Z

Redheadkelly: New Source page: Gregory IX to the Bishop of Ross, 29 May 1235

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:23:49Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Confirmation by Pope Alexander IV of the Bishop of Ross's ordinance for the church of Rosemarkie
|description=Pope Alexander IV confirms the ordinance by which the Bishop of Ross, with the consent of his chapter, assigned revenues to the dignities and prebends of the church of Rosemarkie and set statutes for its canons and vicars.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=9 February 1256
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Alexander IV, an. II, ep. 108
|transcription=Episcopo Rossensi quaedam ordinationes a praedecessore suo in commodum ecclesiae factae confirmantur. Reg. An. II. epist. 108.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Episcopo, et dilectis filiis Capitulo Rossensi, sal. etc. Cum a nobis petitur etc. usque effectum. Sane fraternitatis tue petitio nobis exposita continebat, quod felicis recordationis G. papa, predecessor noster, augmentandi in ecclesia Rosmarkinensi Rossensis diocesis prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem, prout expedire videret, prebendas alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, bone memorie Roberto Episcopo Rossensi predecessori tuo concessit per apostolicas litteras facultatem. Verum licet idem Epus in augmentatione antiquarum, et creatione seu ordinatione aliarum prebendarum auctoritate litterarum huiusmodi processisset, quia tamen in ordinatione sua de Decanatu, Precentoria, Cancellaria, Thesauria, Archidiaconatu et aliis prebendis eiusdem ecclesie simplicibus in generali faciens mentionem, non expressit, quid cui prebende assignatum fuerit, vel deberet pertinere: tu ordinatione ipsius Episcopi tam ipsarum litterarum, sicut poteras, quam propria in aliquibus supplens, et in aliquibus corrigens et augmentans, deliberatione prehabita provide ordinando Decanatui, Cantorie, Cancellarie et Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Rosnarkino et de Crumbarch inter dignitates ipsas equaliter dividendas, prebendarum earundem dignitatum tenuitate pensata, predicto Decanatui omnes decimas garbarum et alteragium de Andresser, salvis episcopalibus, omnesque decimas garbarum de Kelmur, exceptis garbis dimidie Davach de Aleyn, Cantorie autem omnes decimas garbarum de Kenneythes et de Suthy, Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Urcharde et de Legidibride, Archidiaconatui vero decimas omnes garbarum de Forthierdi et de Edordor, exceptis garbis unius Davach de Aleyn, Subdecanatui omnes decimas garbarum de Thayne et de Eduthayne, Succentorie ecclesiam de Bron et omnes decimas garbarum de Inverferan, cum omnes predicte decime ad Rossensem pertineant ecclesiam, provide perpetuo assignasti. Prebende quoque Episcopi, quem voluisti in Canonicorum eiusdem ecclesie numero computari, debere omnes decimas ecclesiarum de Niger et de Tharbert ad predictam pertinentes ecclesiam curasti etiam perpetuo assignare, quibusdam decimas garbarum de certis locis simplicibus prebendis, et quatuor Vicariis quatuor personarum altaragia de Roskyarkyn et de Crumbaty ecclesiarum sine omni onere episcopali, ita tamen quod honeste utrique ecclesie serviatur, et omnibus ecclesiis de Ergaythel ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus, cum vacaverint, communi Canonicorum prefate ecclesie in perpetuum assignatis. Preterea statuisti, quod maior Decanus sicut in Saluberiensi ecclesia eligatur, et nullus ad aliquam quatuor dignitatum, nec ad Subdecanatum, nec ad Succentoriam admittatur, nisi sacerdos existat: Archidiaconus vero sit diaconus, neque ad aliquam prebendam simplicem quisquam recipiatur, nisi fuerit in sacris ordinibus constitutus. Adiecisti etiam statuto huiusmodi, quod nullus installetur in choro sepefate ecclesie, priusquam iuramentum prestiterit de residentia continua facienda ibidem, nisi peregre proficiscatur, vel in scolis steterit, aut alia honesta causa de licentia Episcopi ad certum tempus eius absentiam excusabit, et quod Subdecanus Vicarium diaconum, et Succentor Vicarium subdiaconum, Episcopus vero nomine prebende sue perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem, cuius stipendiis sex marcas sterlingorum percipiendas in altaragio de Fordi annis singulis deputasti, et Archidiaconus perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem habeat in ecclesia memorata. Quelibet vero simplex prebenda Vicarium habeat subdiaconum, cui suus dominus, pro quo in ecclesia ipsa ministrat, capam nigram et superpellicium largiatur. Vicarii vero perpetui singuli superpellicia et capas nigras propriis sumptibus sibi ipsis acquirant. Porro tam Canonici, quam Vicarii, si necesse habeant ab ecclesia infra diocesim suam, vel extra pro suis promovendis negociis proficisci, et ultra unius diei spacium moram trahere, a Decano vel Subdecano seu ab eorum vices gerentibus licentiam postulent sibi dari. Duobus tamen Vicariis insimul abesse non liceat, nisi urgens causa et evidens id exposcat. Si quis vero Vicariorum tam perpetuorum, quam simplicium ultra triduum ab ecclesia moram fecerit absque causa rationabili, Vicariis residentibus certam pecunie quantitatem exolvat, et ipsius excrescente mora pena ei pecuniaria gravior infligatur. Si autem residens canonicis horis non interfuerit in ecclesia, nulla eum causa rationabili excusante, a Subdecano debeat subici discipline. Excessus Canonicorum ab Episcopo, et Vicariorum a Decano vel Subdecano, vel ab eorum vices gerentibus corrigantur: in quorum Vicariorum correctione si dicti Decanus et Subdecanus inventi fuerint negligentes nimirum vel remissi, statuisti super eisdem excessibus correctionem ad Episcopum pertinere, vel si ad ipsum ex aliqua iusta causa fuerit appellatum. Verum si quis de Canonicorum familiaribus cuiquam infra Canoniam forfecerit sine sanguinis effusione, vel etiam alicuius membri mutilatione, de excessu huiusmodi coram Canonicis in Capitulo cognoscatur, et de forisfacto Epo satisfiat. Insuper autem statuti adiectione firmasti, ut omnes Canonici ante ipsorum installationem similiter, et Vicarii perpetui priusquam ad Vicariam aliquam perpetuam in eadem ecclesia admittantur, prestent de celandis secretis Capituli, que quidem poterunt sine peccato celari, et servandis ecclesie constitutionibus, quodque prestabunt Epo suo ad revocanda dispersa, fidele consilium et auxilium iuramentum. Statuisti etiam, ut singulis diebus per aliquem, quem precentor vel ipsius vicem gerens semel in ebdomada ad hoc duxerit ordinandum, Missa pro defunctis, et specialiter pro Epis loci et universis ecclesie benefactoribus celebretur, et quod omnes mansiones Canonicorum, cum vacaverint, excepta dumtaxat mansione Decani, ad Episcopi collationem pertineant, ita tamen quod Canonicis conferantur. Aliis omnibus articulis in predicti predecessoris tui ordinatione contentis, de quibus in tua huiusmodi ordinatione fit mentio, in suo robore duraturis, prout in litteris exinde confectis, et tuo atque communi Capituli tui, suum super premissis consensum interponentis, sigillis munitis plenius dicitur contineri. Nos itaque tuis precibus inclinati, ordinationem huiusmodi, sicut provide factam, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus etc. usque communimus. Nulli etc. nostre confirmationis etc. Datum Laterani v. Id. Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
|name=Alexander IV;Gregory IX;Robert
|place=Rosemarkie;Cromarty;Ardersier;Kinnettes;Suddie;Urquhart;Tain;Edderton;Nigg;Tarbat;Argyll;Salisbury;Rome
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
|notes=Theiner's heading describes the letter as confirming ordinances made by the bishop's predecessor. The letter itself confirms the present bishop's own ordinance, which supplemented, corrected and extended the earlier ordinance of Robert, late Bishop of Ross, made under licence from "G." pope. The present bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank.

"G. papa" is identified in the name field as Gregory IX. His letter of 29 May 1235 (Theiner, no. 80) grants the Bishop of Ross, there unnamed, licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and ordain new ones, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance. The wording of that grant is repeated almost word for word in this letter, and its date falls within Robert's episcopate.

The following places are given as printed and have not been identified: Kelmur (one of the Kilmuirs?), Legidibride, Forthierdi, Edordor, Bron, Inverferan, the davachs of Aleyn, Fordi, and Ergaythel (the churches "of Argyll" belonging to the church of Ross). "Rosnarkino" and "Roskyarkyn" are probably misprints for Rosemarkie; "Crumbarch" and "Crumbaty" are Cromarty.

The date v Id. Feb., 2nd year of Alexander IV, is 9 February 1256. The page header in Theiner also gives 1256.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|pages=69-70
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/69/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=9 February 1256
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=9 February 1256 - Pope Alexander IV, to the Bishop and Chapter of Ross. The bishop has petitioned that Pope G. granted Robert, late Bishop of Ross, licence to augment the slender prebends in the church of Rosemarkie and to ordain new ones; that Robert, in doing so, mentioned the deanery, precentorship, chancellorship, treasurership, archdeaconry and simple prebends only in general terms, without stating what belonged to each; and that the bishop, supplying, correcting and augmenting Robert's ordinance, has assigned in perpetuity the teind sheaves of Rosnarkin and Crumbarch, to be divided equally among the deanery, chantry, chancellorship and treasurership; to the deanery, the teind sheaves and altarage of Andresser, saving episcopal dues, and the teind sheaves of Kelmur, except those of half a davach of Aleyn; to the chantry, the teind sheaves of Kenneythes and Suthy; to the treasurership, those of Urcharde and Legidibride; to the archdeaconry, those of Forthierdi and Edordor, except those of one davach of Aleyn; to the subdeanery, those of Thayne and Eduthayne; to the succentorship, the church of Bron and the teind sheaves of Inverferan; to the bishop's own prebend, the bishop being counted among the canons, the teinds of the churches of Niger and Tharbert; to the simple prebends, the teind sheaves of certain places; to the four vicars of the four dignitaries, the altarages of the churches of Roskyarkyn and Crumbaty, free of episcopal burdens; and to the common fund of the canons, the churches of Ergaythel belonging to the church, as they fall vacant. The bishop has also ordained that the dean be elected as in the church of Salisbury; that none be admitted to the four dignities, the subdeanery or the succentorship unless he is a priest, that the archdeacon be a deacon, and that none be received to a simple prebend unless in holy orders; that none be installed in the choir before swearing continual residence, unless absent on pilgrimage, at the schools, or for another honest cause by the bishop's licence; that the subdean have a deacon and the succentor a subdeacon as vicar, and the bishop and the archdeacon each a priest as perpetual vicar, the bishop's vicar to receive six marks sterling yearly from the altarage of Fordi; that each simple prebend have a subdeacon as vicar, to whom his canon gives a black cope and surplice, perpetual vicars providing their own; that canons and vicars obtain leave from the dean or subdean to be away more than a day, that two vicars not be absent together without urgent cause, and that a vicar absent more than three days without reasonable cause pay a fine to the resident vicars; that a resident absent from the canonical hours be disciplined by the subdean; that canons' excesses be corrected by the bishop, and vicars' by the dean or subdean, or by the bishop if they are negligent or on appeal; that an offence by a canon's servant within the canonry, without bloodshed or mutilation, be tried before the canons in chapter, with the forfeiture paid to the bishop; that canons before installation and perpetual vicars before admission swear to keep the chapter's secrets and the church's constitutions and to give the bishop faithful counsel and aid in recovering what has been dispersed; that a mass for the dead, especially for the bishops of the place and the church's benefactors, be celebrated daily; and that canons' manses, except the dean's, be at the bishop's collation, to be conferred on canons. All other articles of Robert's ordinance are to stand. The ordinance having been sealed by the bishop and the chapter, the pope confirms it. Given at the Lateran.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), pp. 69-70, no. 182.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:23:48Z

Redheadkelly: New Source page: Alexander IV to the Bishop and Chapter of Ross, 9 Feb 1256

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Confirmation by Pope Alexander IV of the Bishop of Ross's ordinance for the church of Rosemarkie
|description=Pope Alexander IV confirms the ordinance by which the Bishop of Ross, with the consent of his chapter, assigned revenues to the dignities and prebends of the church of Rosemarkie and set statutes for its canons and vicars.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=9 February 1256
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Alexander IV, an. II, ep. 108
|transcription=Episcopo Rossensi quaedam ordinationes a praedecessore suo in commodum ecclesiae factae confirmantur. Reg. An. II. epist. 108.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Episcopo, et dilectis filiis Capitulo Rossensi, sal. etc. Cum a nobis petitur etc. usque effectum. Sane fraternitatis tue petitio nobis exposita continebat, quod felicis recordationis G. papa, predecessor noster, augmentandi in ecclesia Rosmarkinensi Rossensis diocesis prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem, prout expedire videret, prebendas alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, bone memorie Roberto Episcopo Rossensi predecessori tuo concessit per apostolicas litteras facultatem. Verum licet idem Epus in augmentatione antiquarum, et creatione seu ordinatione aliarum prebendarum auctoritate litterarum huiusmodi processisset, quia tamen in ordinatione sua de Decanatu, Precentoria, Cancellaria, Thesauria, Archidiaconatu et aliis prebendis eiusdem ecclesie simplicibus in generali faciens mentionem, non expressit, quid cui prebende assignatum fuerit, vel deberet pertinere: tu ordinatione ipsius Episcopi tam ipsarum litterarum, sicut poteras, quam propria in aliquibus supplens, et in aliquibus corrigens et augmentans, deliberatione prehabita provide ordinando Decanatui, Cantorie, Cancellarie et Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Rosnarkino et de Crumbarch inter dignitates ipsas equaliter dividendas, prebendarum earundem dignitatum tenuitate pensata, predicto Decanatui omnes decimas garbarum et alteragium de Andresser, salvis episcopalibus, omnesque decimas garbarum de Kelmur, exceptis garbis dimidie Davach de Aleyn, Cantorie autem omnes decimas garbarum de Kenneythes et de Suthy, Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Urcharde et de Legidibride, Archidiaconatui vero decimas omnes garbarum de Forthierdi et de Edordor, exceptis garbis unius Davach de Aleyn, Subdecanatui omnes decimas garbarum de Thayne et de Eduthayne, Succentorie ecclesiam de Bron et omnes decimas garbarum de Inverferan, cum omnes predicte decime ad Rossensem pertineant ecclesiam, provide perpetuo assignasti. Prebende quoque Episcopi, quem voluisti in Canonicorum eiusdem ecclesie numero computari, debere omnes decimas ecclesiarum de Niger et de Tharbert ad predictam pertinentes ecclesiam curasti etiam perpetuo assignare, quibusdam decimas garbarum de certis locis simplicibus prebendis, et quatuor Vicariis quatuor personarum altaragia de Roskyarkyn et de Crumbaty ecclesiarum sine omni onere episcopali, ita tamen quod honeste utrique ecclesie serviatur, et omnibus ecclesiis de Ergaythel ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus, cum vacaverint, communi Canonicorum prefate ecclesie in perpetuum assignatis. Preterea statuisti, quod maior Decanus sicut in Saluberiensi ecclesia eligatur, et nullus ad aliquam quatuor dignitatum, nec ad Subdecanatum, nec ad Succentoriam admittatur, nisi sacerdos existat: Archidiaconus vero sit diaconus, neque ad aliquam prebendam simplicem quisquam recipiatur, nisi fuerit in sacris ordinibus constitutus. Adiecisti etiam statuto huiusmodi, quod nullus installetur in choro sepefate ecclesie, priusquam iuramentum prestiterit de residentia continua facienda ibidem, nisi peregre proficiscatur, vel in scolis steterit, aut alia honesta causa de licentia Episcopi ad certum tempus eius absentiam excusabit, et quod Subdecanus Vicarium diaconum, et Succentor Vicarium subdiaconum, Episcopus vero nomine prebende sue perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem, cuius stipendiis sex marcas sterlingorum percipiendas in altaragio de Fordi annis singulis deputasti, et Archidiaconus perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem habeat in ecclesia memorata. Quelibet vero simplex prebenda Vicarium habeat subdiaconum, cui suus dominus, pro quo in ecclesia ipsa ministrat, capam nigram et superpellicium largiatur. Vicarii vero perpetui singuli superpellicia et capas nigras propriis sumptibus sibi ipsis acquirant. Porro tam Canonici, quam Vicarii, si necesse habeant ab ecclesia infra diocesim suam, vel extra pro suis promovendis negociis proficisci, et ultra unius diei spacium moram trahere, a Decano vel Subdecano seu ab eorum vices gerentibus licentiam postulent sibi dari. Duobus tamen Vicariis insimul abesse non liceat, nisi urgens causa et evidens id exposcat. Si quis vero Vicariorum tam perpetuorum, quam simplicium ultra triduum ab ecclesia moram fecerit absque causa rationabili, Vicariis residentibus certam pecunie quantitatem exolvat, et ipsius excrescente mora pena ei pecuniaria gravior infligatur. Si autem residens canonicis horis non interfuerit in ecclesia, nulla eum causa rationabili excusante, a Subdecano debeat subici discipline. Excessus Canonicorum ab Episcopo, et Vicariorum a Decano vel Subdecano, vel ab eorum vices gerentibus corrigantur: in quorum Vicariorum correctione si dicti Decanus et Subdecanus inventi fuerint negligentes nimirum vel remissi, statuisti super eisdem excessibus correctionem ad Episcopum pertinere, vel si ad ipsum ex aliqua iusta causa fuerit appellatum. Verum si quis de Canonicorum familiaribus cuiquam infra Canoniam forfecerit sine sanguinis effusione, vel etiam alicuius membri mutilatione, de excessu huiusmodi coram Canonicis in Capitulo cognoscatur, et de forisfacto Epo satisfiat. Insuper autem statuti adiectione firmasti, ut omnes Canonici ante ipsorum installationem similiter, et Vicarii perpetui priusquam ad Vicariam aliquam perpetuam in eadem ecclesia admittantur, prestent de celandis secretis Capituli, que quidem poterunt sine peccato celari, et servandis ecclesie constitutionibus, quodque prestabunt Epo suo ad revocanda dispersa, fidele consilium et auxilium iuramentum. Statuisti etiam, ut singulis diebus per aliquem, quem precentor vel ipsius vicem gerens semel in ebdomada ad hoc duxerit ordinandum, Missa pro defunctis, et specialiter pro Epis loci et universis ecclesie benefactoribus celebretur, et quod omnes mansiones Canonicorum, cum vacaverint, excepta dumtaxat mansione Decani, ad Episcopi collationem pertineant, ita tamen quod Canonicis conferantur. Aliis omnibus articulis in predicti predecessoris tui ordinatione contentis, de quibus in tua huiusmodi ordinatione fit mentio, in suo robore duraturis, prout in litteris exinde confectis, et tuo atque communi Capituli tui, suum super premissis consensum interponentis, sigillis munitis plenius dicitur contineri. Nos itaque tuis precibus inclinati, ordinationem huiusmodi, sicut provide factam, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus etc. usque communimus. Nulli etc. nostre confirmationis etc. Datum Laterani v. Id. Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
|name=Alexander IV;Gregory IX;Robert
|place=Rosemarkie;Cromarty;Ardersier;Kinnettes;Suddie;Urquhart;Tain;Edderton;Nigg;Tarbat;Argyll;Salisbury;Rome
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
|notes=Theiner's heading describes the letter as confirming ordinances made by the bishop's predecessor. The letter itself confirms the present bishop's own ordinance, which supplemented, corrected and extended the earlier ordinance of Robert, late Bishop of Ross, made under licence from "G." pope. The present bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank.

"G. papa" is identified in the name field as Gregory IX. His letter of 29 May 1235 (Theiner, no. 80) grants the Bishop of Ross, there unnamed, licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and ordain new ones, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance. The wording of that grant is repeated almost word for word in this letter, and its date falls within Robert's episcopate.

The following places are given as printed and have not been identified: Kelmur (one of the Kilmuirs?), Legidibride, Forthierdi, Edordor, Bron, Inverferan, the davachs of Aleyn, Fordi, and Ergaythel (the churches "of Argyll" belonging to the church of Ross). "Rosnarkino" and "Roskyarkyn" are probably misprints for Rosemarkie; "Crumbarch" and "Crumbaty" are Cromarty.

The date v Id. Feb., 2nd year of Alexander IV, is 9 February 1256. The page header in Theiner also gives 1256.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|pages=69-70
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/69/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=9 February 1256
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=9 February 1256 - Pope Alexander IV, to the Bishop and Chapter of Ross. The bishop has petitioned that Pope G. granted Robert, late Bishop of Ross, licence to augment the slender prebends in the church of Rosemarkie and to ordain new ones; that Robert, in doing so, mentioned the deanery, precentorship, chancellorship, treasurership, archdeaconry and simple prebends only in general terms, without stating what belonged to each; and that the bishop, supplying, correcting and augmenting Robert's ordinance, has assigned in perpetuity the teind sheaves of Rosnarkin and Crumbarch, to be divided equally among the deanery, chantry, chancellorship and treasurership; to the deanery, the teind sheaves and altarage of Andresser, saving episcopal dues, and the teind sheaves of Kelmur, except those of half a davach of Aleyn; to the chantry, the teind sheaves of Kenneythes and Suthy; to the treasurership, those of Urcharde and Legidibride; to the archdeaconry, those of Forthierdi and Edordor, except those of one davach of Aleyn; to the subdeanery, those of Thayne and Eduthayne; to the succentorship, the church of Bron and the teind sheaves of Inverferan; to the bishop's own prebend, the bishop being counted among the canons, the teinds of the churches of Niger and Tharbert; to the simple prebends, the teind sheaves of certain places; to the four vicars of the four dignitaries, the altarages of the churches of Roskyarkyn and Crumbaty, free of episcopal burdens; and to the common fund of the canons, the churches of Ergaythel belonging to the church, as they fall vacant. The bishop has also ordained that the dean be elected as in the church of Salisbury; that none be admitted to the four dignities, the subdeanery or the succentorship unless he is a priest, that the archdeacon be a deacon, and that none be received to a simple prebend unless in holy orders; that none be installed in the choir before swearing continual residence, unless absent on pilgrimage, at the schools, or for another honest cause by the bishop's licence; that the subdean have a deacon and the succentor a subdeacon as vicar, and the bishop and the archdeacon each a priest as perpetual vicar, the bishop's vicar to receive six marks sterling yearly from the altarage of Fordi; that each simple prebend have a subdeacon as vicar, to whom his canon gives a black cope and surplice, perpetual vicars providing their own; that canons and vicars obtain leave from the dean or subdean to be away more than a day, that two vicars not be absent together without urgent cause, and that a vicar absent more than three days without reasonable cause pay a fine to the resident vicars; that a resident absent from the canonical hours be disciplined by the subdean; that canons' excesses be corrected by the bishop, and vicars' by the dean or subdean, or by the bishop if they are negligent or on appeal; that an offence by a canon's servant within the canonry, without bloodshed or mutilation, be tried before the canons in chapter, with the forfeiture paid to the bishop; that canons before installation and perpetual vicars before admission swear to keep the chapter's secrets and the church's constitutions and to give the bishop faithful counsel and aid in recovering what has been dispersed; that a mass for the dead, especially for the bishops of the place and the church's benefactors, be celebrated daily; and that canons' manses, except the dean's, be at the bishop's collation, to be conferred on canons. All other articles of Robert's ordinance are to stand. The ordinance having been sealed by the bishop and the chapter, the pope confirms it. Given at the Lateran.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), pp. 69-70, no. 182.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80

2026-10-06T05:23:48Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80

2026-10-06T05:23:48Z

Redheadkelly: New Source page: Gregory IX to the Bishop of Ross, 29 May 1235

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:15:57Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Confirmation by Pope Alexander IV of the Bishop of Ross's ordinance for the church of Rosemarkie
|description=Pope Alexander IV confirms the ordinance by which the Bishop of Ross, with the consent of his chapter, assigned revenues to the dignities and prebends of the church of Rosemarkie and set statutes for its canons and vicars.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=9 February 1256
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Alexander IV, an. II, ep. 108
|transcription=Episcopo Rossensi quaedam ordinationes a praedecessore suo in commodum ecclesiae factae confirmantur. Reg. An. II. epist. 108.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Episcopo, et dilectis filiis Capitulo Rossensi, sal. etc. Cum a nobis petitur etc. usque effectum. Sane fraternitatis tue petitio nobis exposita continebat, quod felicis recordationis G. papa, predecessor noster, augmentandi in ecclesia Rosmarkinensi Rossensis diocesis prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem, prout expedire videret, prebendas alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, bone memorie Roberto Episcopo Rossensi predecessori tuo concessit per apostolicas litteras facultatem. Verum licet idem Epus in augmentatione antiquarum, et creatione seu ordinatione aliarum prebendarum auctoritate litterarum huiusmodi processisset, quia tamen in ordinatione sua de Decanatu, Precentoria, Cancellaria, Thesauria, Archidiaconatu et aliis prebendis eiusdem ecclesie simplicibus in generali faciens mentionem, non expressit, quid cui prebende assignatum fuerit, vel deberet pertinere: tu ordinatione ipsius Episcopi tam ipsarum litterarum, sicut poteras, quam propria in aliquibus supplens, et in aliquibus corrigens et augmentans, deliberatione prehabita provide ordinando Decanatui, Cantorie, Cancellarie et Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Rosnarkino et de Crumbarch inter dignitates ipsas equaliter dividendas, prebendarum earundem dignitatum tenuitate pensata, predicto Decanatui omnes decimas garbarum et alteragium de Andresser, salvis episcopalibus, omnesque decimas garbarum de Kelmur, exceptis garbis dimidie Davach de Aleyn, Cantorie autem omnes decimas garbarum de Kenneythes et de Suthy, Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Urcharde et de Legidibride, Archidiaconatui vero decimas omnes garbarum de Forthierdi et de Edordor, exceptis garbis unius Davach de Aleyn, Subdecanatui omnes decimas garbarum de Thayne et de Eduthayne, Succentorie ecclesiam de Bron et omnes decimas garbarum de Inverferan, cum omnes predicte decime ad Rossensem pertineant ecclesiam, provide perpetuo assignasti. Prebende quoque Episcopi, quem voluisti in Canonicorum eiusdem ecclesie numero computari, debere omnes decimas ecclesiarum de Niger et de Tharbert ad predictam pertinentes ecclesiam curasti etiam perpetuo assignare, quibusdam decimas garbarum de certis locis simplicibus prebendis, et quatuor Vicariis quatuor personarum altaragia de Roskyarkyn et de Crumbaty ecclesiarum sine omni onere episcopali, ita tamen quod honeste utrique ecclesie serviatur, et omnibus ecclesiis de Ergaythel ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus, cum vacaverint, communi Canonicorum prefate ecclesie in perpetuum assignatis. Preterea statuisti, quod maior Decanus sicut in Saluberiensi ecclesia eligatur, et nullus ad aliquam quatuor dignitatum, nec ad Subdecanatum, nec ad Succentoriam admittatur, nisi sacerdos existat: Archidiaconus vero sit diaconus, neque ad aliquam prebendam simplicem quisquam recipiatur, nisi fuerit in sacris ordinibus constitutus. Adiecisti etiam statuto huiusmodi, quod nullus installetur in choro sepefate ecclesie, priusquam iuramentum prestiterit de residentia continua facienda ibidem, nisi peregre proficiscatur, vel in scolis steterit, aut alia honesta causa de licentia Episcopi ad certum tempus eius absentiam excusabit, et quod Subdecanus Vicarium diaconum, et Succentor Vicarium subdiaconum, Episcopus vero nomine prebende sue perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem, cuius stipendiis sex marcas sterlingorum percipiendas in altaragio de Fordi annis singulis deputasti, et Archidiaconus perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem habeat in ecclesia memorata. Quelibet vero simplex prebenda Vicarium habeat subdiaconum, cui suus dominus, pro quo in ecclesia ipsa ministrat, capam nigram et superpellicium largiatur. Vicarii vero perpetui singuli superpellicia et capas nigras propriis sumptibus sibi ipsis acquirant. Porro tam Canonici, quam Vicarii, si necesse habeant ab ecclesia infra diocesim suam, vel extra pro suis promovendis negociis proficisci, et ultra unius diei spacium moram trahere, a Decano vel Subdecano seu ab eorum vices gerentibus licentiam postulent sibi dari. Duobus tamen Vicariis insimul abesse non liceat, nisi urgens causa et evidens id exposcat. Si quis vero Vicariorum tam perpetuorum, quam simplicium ultra triduum ab ecclesia moram fecerit absque causa rationabili, Vicariis residentibus certam pecunie quantitatem exolvat, et ipsius excrescente mora pena ei pecuniaria gravior infligatur. Si autem residens canonicis horis non interfuerit in ecclesia, nulla eum causa rationabili excusante, a Subdecano debeat subici discipline. Excessus Canonicorum ab Episcopo, et Vicariorum a Decano vel Subdecano, vel ab eorum vices gerentibus corrigantur: in quorum Vicariorum correctione si dicti Decanus et Subdecanus inventi fuerint negligentes nimirum vel remissi, statuisti super eisdem excessibus correctionem ad Episcopum pertinere, vel si ad ipsum ex aliqua iusta causa fuerit appellatum. Verum si quis de Canonicorum familiaribus cuiquam infra Canoniam forfecerit sine sanguinis effusione, vel etiam alicuius membri mutilatione, de excessu huiusmodi coram Canonicis in Capitulo cognoscatur, et de forisfacto Epo satisfiat. Insuper autem statuti adiectione firmasti, ut omnes Canonici ante ipsorum installationem similiter, et Vicarii perpetui priusquam ad Vicariam aliquam perpetuam in eadem ecclesia admittantur, prestent de celandis secretis Capituli, que quidem poterunt sine peccato celari, et servandis ecclesie constitutionibus, quodque prestabunt Epo suo ad revocanda dispersa, fidele consilium et auxilium iuramentum. Statuisti etiam, ut singulis diebus per aliquem, quem precentor vel ipsius vicem gerens semel in ebdomada ad hoc duxerit ordinandum, Missa pro defunctis, et specialiter pro Epis loci et universis ecclesie benefactoribus celebretur, et quod omnes mansiones Canonicorum, cum vacaverint, excepta dumtaxat mansione Decani, ad Episcopi collationem pertineant, ita tamen quod Canonicis conferantur. Aliis omnibus articulis in predicti predecessoris tui ordinatione contentis, de quibus in tua huiusmodi ordinatione fit mentio, in suo robore duraturis, prout in litteris exinde confectis, et tuo atque communi Capituli tui, suum super premissis consensum interponentis, sigillis munitis plenius dicitur contineri. Nos itaque tuis precibus inclinati, ordinationem huiusmodi, sicut provide factam, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus etc. usque communimus. Nulli etc. nostre confirmationis etc. Datum Laterani v. Id. Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
|name=Alexander IV;Gregory IX;Robert
|place=Rosemarkie;Cromarty;Ardersier;Kinnettes;Suddie;Urquhart;Tain;Edderton;Nigg;Tarbat;Argyll;Salisbury;Rome
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
|notes=Theiner's heading describes the letter as confirming ordinances made by the bishop's predecessor. The letter itself confirms the present bishop's own ordinance, which supplemented, corrected and extended the earlier ordinance of Robert, late Bishop of Ross, made under licence from "G." pope. The present bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank.

"G. papa" is identified in the name field as Gregory IX. His letter of 29 May 1235 (Theiner, no. 80) grants the Bishop of Ross, there unnamed, licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and ordain new ones, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance. The wording of that grant is repeated almost word for word in this letter, and its date falls within Robert's episcopate.

The following places are given as printed and have not been identified: Kelmur (one of the Kilmuirs?), Legidibride, Forthierdi, Edordor, Bron, Inverferan, the davachs of Aleyn, Fordi, and Ergaythel (the churches "of Argyll" belonging to the church of Ross). "Rosnarkino" and "Roskyarkyn" are probably misprints for Rosemarkie; "Crumbarch" and "Crumbaty" are Cromarty.

The date v Id. Feb., 2nd year of Alexander IV, is 9 February 1256. The page header in Theiner also gives 1256.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|pages=69-70
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/69/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=9 February 1256
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=9 February 1256 - At the Lateran, Pope Alexander IV confirms an ordinance of the Bishop of Ross for the cathedral church of Rosemarkie. An earlier pope had allowed Robert, late Bishop of Ross, to augment the slender prebends there and create new ones, but Robert's ordinance named the deanery, precentorship, chancellorship, treasurership, archdeaconry and simple prebends without stating what belonged to each. With the chapter's consent, the present bishop assigned the teinds of named churches to each dignity, to the subdeanery and succentorship, and to the bishop's own prebend, and gave the churches of Argyll belonging to the church of Ross to the canons' common fund as they fell vacant. He also set statutes for the chapter: the dean to be elected as at Salisbury, oaths of residence before installation, the orders and stipends of the vicars, leave of absence and discipline, a daily mass for the dead and for the church's benefactors, and the bishop's right to confer canons' manses.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), pp. 69-70, no. 182.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:15:57Z

Redheadkelly: New Source page: Alexander IV to the Bishop and Chapter of Ross, 9 Feb 1256

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Confirmation by Pope Alexander IV of the Bishop of Ross's ordinance for the church of Rosemarkie
|description=Pope Alexander IV confirms the ordinance by which the Bishop of Ross, with the consent of his chapter, assigned revenues to the dignities and prebends of the church of Rosemarkie and set statutes for its canons and vicars.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=9 February 1256
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Alexander IV, an. II, ep. 108
|transcription=Episcopo Rossensi quaedam ordinationes a praedecessore suo in commodum ecclesiae factae confirmantur. Reg. An. II. epist. 108.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Episcopo, et dilectis filiis Capitulo Rossensi, sal. etc. Cum a nobis petitur etc. usque effectum. Sane fraternitatis tue petitio nobis exposita continebat, quod felicis recordationis G. papa, predecessor noster, augmentandi in ecclesia Rosmarkinensi Rossensis diocesis prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem, prout expedire videret, prebendas alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, bone memorie Roberto Episcopo Rossensi predecessori tuo concessit per apostolicas litteras facultatem. Verum licet idem Epus in augmentatione antiquarum, et creatione seu ordinatione aliarum prebendarum auctoritate litterarum huiusmodi processisset, quia tamen in ordinatione sua de Decanatu, Precentoria, Cancellaria, Thesauria, Archidiaconatu et aliis prebendis eiusdem ecclesie simplicibus in generali faciens mentionem, non expressit, quid cui prebende assignatum fuerit, vel deberet pertinere: tu ordinatione ipsius Episcopi tam ipsarum litterarum, sicut poteras, quam propria in aliquibus supplens, et in aliquibus corrigens et augmentans, deliberatione prehabita provide ordinando Decanatui, Cantorie, Cancellarie et Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Rosnarkino et de Crumbarch inter dignitates ipsas equaliter dividendas, prebendarum earundem dignitatum tenuitate pensata, predicto Decanatui omnes decimas garbarum et alteragium de Andresser, salvis episcopalibus, omnesque decimas garbarum de Kelmur, exceptis garbis dimidie Davach de Aleyn, Cantorie autem omnes decimas garbarum de Kenneythes et de Suthy, Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Urcharde et de Legidibride, Archidiaconatui vero decimas omnes garbarum de Forthierdi et de Edordor, exceptis garbis unius Davach de Aleyn, Subdecanatui omnes decimas garbarum de Thayne et de Eduthayne, Succentorie ecclesiam de Bron et omnes decimas garbarum de Inverferan, cum omnes predicte decime ad Rossensem pertineant ecclesiam, provide perpetuo assignasti. Prebende quoque Episcopi, quem voluisti in Canonicorum eiusdem ecclesie numero computari, debere omnes decimas ecclesiarum de Niger et de Tharbert ad predictam pertinentes ecclesiam curasti etiam perpetuo assignare, quibusdam decimas garbarum de certis locis simplicibus prebendis, et quatuor Vicariis quatuor personarum altaragia de Roskyarkyn et de Crumbaty ecclesiarum sine omni onere episcopali, ita tamen quod honeste utrique ecclesie serviatur, et omnibus ecclesiis de Ergaythel ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus, cum vacaverint, communi Canonicorum prefate ecclesie in perpetuum assignatis. Preterea statuisti, quod maior Decanus sicut in Saluberiensi ecclesia eligatur, et nullus ad aliquam quatuor dignitatum, nec ad Subdecanatum, nec ad Succentoriam admittatur, nisi sacerdos existat: Archidiaconus vero sit diaconus, neque ad aliquam prebendam simplicem quisquam recipiatur, nisi fuerit in sacris ordinibus constitutus. Adiecisti etiam statuto huiusmodi, quod nullus installetur in choro sepefate ecclesie, priusquam iuramentum prestiterit de residentia continua facienda ibidem, nisi peregre proficiscatur, vel in scolis steterit, aut alia honesta causa de licentia Episcopi ad certum tempus eius absentiam excusabit, et quod Subdecanus Vicarium diaconum, et Succentor Vicarium subdiaconum, Episcopus vero nomine prebende sue perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem, cuius stipendiis sex marcas sterlingorum percipiendas in altaragio de Fordi annis singulis deputasti, et Archidiaconus perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem habeat in ecclesia memorata. Quelibet vero simplex prebenda Vicarium habeat subdiaconum, cui suus dominus, pro quo in ecclesia ipsa ministrat, capam nigram et superpellicium largiatur. Vicarii vero perpetui singuli superpellicia et capas nigras propriis sumptibus sibi ipsis acquirant. Porro tam Canonici, quam Vicarii, si necesse habeant ab ecclesia infra diocesim suam, vel extra pro suis promovendis negociis proficisci, et ultra unius diei spacium moram trahere, a Decano vel Subdecano seu ab eorum vices gerentibus licentiam postulent sibi dari. Duobus tamen Vicariis insimul abesse non liceat, nisi urgens causa et evidens id exposcat. Si quis vero Vicariorum tam perpetuorum, quam simplicium ultra triduum ab ecclesia moram fecerit absque causa rationabili, Vicariis residentibus certam pecunie quantitatem exolvat, et ipsius excrescente mora pena ei pecuniaria gravior infligatur. Si autem residens canonicis horis non interfuerit in ecclesia, nulla eum causa rationabili excusante, a Subdecano debeat subici discipline. Excessus Canonicorum ab Episcopo, et Vicariorum a Decano vel Subdecano, vel ab eorum vices gerentibus corrigantur: in quorum Vicariorum correctione si dicti Decanus et Subdecanus inventi fuerint negligentes nimirum vel remissi, statuisti super eisdem excessibus correctionem ad Episcopum pertinere, vel si ad ipsum ex aliqua iusta causa fuerit appellatum. Verum si quis de Canonicorum familiaribus cuiquam infra Canoniam forfecerit sine sanguinis effusione, vel etiam alicuius membri mutilatione, de excessu huiusmodi coram Canonicis in Capitulo cognoscatur, et de forisfacto Epo satisfiat. Insuper autem statuti adiectione firmasti, ut omnes Canonici ante ipsorum installationem similiter, et Vicarii perpetui priusquam ad Vicariam aliquam perpetuam in eadem ecclesia admittantur, prestent de celandis secretis Capituli, que quidem poterunt sine peccato celari, et servandis ecclesie constitutionibus, quodque prestabunt Epo suo ad revocanda dispersa, fidele consilium et auxilium iuramentum. Statuisti etiam, ut singulis diebus per aliquem, quem precentor vel ipsius vicem gerens semel in ebdomada ad hoc duxerit ordinandum, Missa pro defunctis, et specialiter pro Epis loci et universis ecclesie benefactoribus celebretur, et quod omnes mansiones Canonicorum, cum vacaverint, excepta dumtaxat mansione Decani, ad Episcopi collationem pertineant, ita tamen quod Canonicis conferantur. Aliis omnibus articulis in predicti predecessoris tui ordinatione contentis, de quibus in tua huiusmodi ordinatione fit mentio, in suo robore duraturis, prout in litteris exinde confectis, et tuo atque communi Capituli tui, suum super premissis consensum interponentis, sigillis munitis plenius dicitur contineri. Nos itaque tuis precibus inclinati, ordinationem huiusmodi, sicut provide factam, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus etc. usque communimus. Nulli etc. nostre confirmationis etc. Datum Laterani v. Id. Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
|name=Alexander IV;Gregory IX;Robert
|place=Rosemarkie;Cromarty;Ardersier;Kinnettes;Suddie;Urquhart;Tain;Edderton;Nigg;Tarbat;Argyll;Salisbury;Rome
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
|notes=Theiner's heading describes the letter as confirming ordinances made by the bishop's predecessor. The letter itself confirms the present bishop's own ordinance, which supplemented, corrected and extended the earlier ordinance of Robert, late Bishop of Ross, made under licence from "G." pope. The present bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank.

"G. papa" is identified in the name field as Gregory IX. His letter of 29 May 1235 (Theiner, no. 80) grants the Bishop of Ross, there unnamed, licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and ordain new ones, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance. The wording of that grant is repeated almost word for word in this letter, and its date falls within Robert's episcopate.

The following places are given as printed and have not been identified: Kelmur (one of the Kilmuirs?), Legidibride, Forthierdi, Edordor, Bron, Inverferan, the davachs of Aleyn, Fordi, and Ergaythel (the churches "of Argyll" belonging to the church of Ross). "Rosnarkino" and "Roskyarkyn" are probably misprints for Rosemarkie; "Crumbarch" and "Crumbaty" are Cromarty.

The date v Id. Feb., 2nd year of Alexander IV, is 9 February 1256. The page header in Theiner also gives 1256.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|pages=69-70
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/69/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=9 February 1256
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=9 February 1256 - At the Lateran, Pope Alexander IV confirms an ordinance of the Bishop of Ross for the cathedral church of Rosemarkie. An earlier pope had allowed Robert, late Bishop of Ross, to augment the slender prebends there and create new ones, but Robert's ordinance named the deanery, precentorship, chancellorship, treasurership, archdeaconry and simple prebends without stating what belonged to each. With the chapter's consent, the present bishop assigned the teinds of named churches to each dignity, to the subdeanery and succentorship, and to the bishop's own prebend, and gave the churches of Argyll belonging to the church of Ross to the canons' common fund as they fell vacant. He also set statutes for the chapter: the dean to be elected as at Salisbury, oaths of residence before installation, the orders and stipends of the vicars, leave of absence and discipline, a daily mass for the dead and for the church's benefactors, and the bishop's right to confer canons' manses.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), pp. 69-70, no. 182.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80

2026-10-06T05:15:57Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Licence of Pope Gregory IX to the Bishop of Ross to augment the prebends of his church
|description=Pope Gregory IX grants the Bishop of Ross licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and to create new ones.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=29 May 1235
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Gregory IX, an. IX, ep. 83
|transcription=Rossensi episcopo, ut exiles prebendarum suae ecclesiae redditus augere, et novas praebendas instituere possit. Reg. An. IX. ep. 83.

GREGORIUS EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Rossensi Episcopo, salutem etc. Petentis desiderium, quod divini nominis auget cultum, eo propensius exaudire nos convenit, quo magis ex hoc, qui honorari se in ministris asserit, honoratur. Cum igitur, sicut tua nobis exhibita petitio continebat, adeo exiles in Rossensi ecclesia sint prebende, quod quatuor solis canonicis, qui eas obtinent, propter ipsarum tenuitatem residere non valentibus in eadem, ipsa in divinis patitur detrimentum, et per dei gratiam in terra ipsius facultates excreverint, quod in ea cum canonicorum numero augeri potest et debet ipsa taxatio prebendarum: nos fraternitatis tue precibus inclinati, augmentandi prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, si sit etiam per sedem apostolicam confirmata, prout expedire videris, liberam tibi auctoritate presentium concedimus facultatem. Nulli ergo etc. nostre concessionis etc. Datum Perusii IIII. Kalendas Iunii, Pontificatus nostri anno nono.
|name=Gregory IX
|place=Perugia
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
|notes=The bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank. A letter of Alexander IV of 9 February 1256 (Theiner, no. 182) states that this licence was granted to Robert, Bishop of Ross, and repeats its wording almost word for word. That letter also places the church concerned at Rosemarkie, which is not named here.

The date IIII Kal. Iun., 9th year of Gregory IX, is 29 May 1235.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|page=32
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/32/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=29 May 1235
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=29 May 1235 - At Perugia, Pope Gregory IX grants the Bishop of Ross licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and to create new ones, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance, even one confirmed by the apostolic see. The bishop had petitioned that the prebends were so poor that the four canons holding them could not afford to reside, to the detriment of divine service, while the church's resources had grown enough to support more canons.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), p. 32, no. 80.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80

2026-10-06T05:15:57Z

Redheadkelly: New Source page: Gregory IX to the Bishop of Ross, 29 May 1235

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Licence of Pope Gregory IX to the Bishop of Ross to augment the prebends of his church
|description=Pope Gregory IX grants the Bishop of Ross licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and to create new ones.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=29 May 1235
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Gregory IX, an. IX, ep. 83
|transcription=Rossensi episcopo, ut exiles prebendarum suae ecclesiae redditus augere, et novas praebendas instituere possit. Reg. An. IX. ep. 83.

GREGORIUS EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Rossensi Episcopo, salutem etc. Petentis desiderium, quod divini nominis auget cultum, eo propensius exaudire nos convenit, quo magis ex hoc, qui honorari se in ministris asserit, honoratur. Cum igitur, sicut tua nobis exhibita petitio continebat, adeo exiles in Rossensi ecclesia sint prebende, quod quatuor solis canonicis, qui eas obtinent, propter ipsarum tenuitatem residere non valentibus in eadem, ipsa in divinis patitur detrimentum, et per dei gratiam in terra ipsius facultates excreverint, quod in ea cum canonicorum numero augeri potest et debet ipsa taxatio prebendarum: nos fraternitatis tue precibus inclinati, augmentandi prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, si sit etiam per sedem apostolicam confirmata, prout expedire videris, liberam tibi auctoritate presentium concedimus facultatem. Nulli ergo etc. nostre concessionis etc. Datum Perusii IIII. Kalendas Iunii, Pontificatus nostri anno nono.
|name=Gregory IX
|place=Perugia
|related_documents=Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
|notes=The bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank. A letter of Alexander IV of 9 February 1256 (Theiner, no. 182) states that this licence was granted to Robert, Bishop of Ross, and repeats its wording almost word for word. That letter also places the church concerned at Rosemarkie, which is not named here.

The date IIII Kal. Iun., 9th year of Gregory IX, is 29 May 1235.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|page=32
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/32/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=29 May 1235
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=29 May 1235 - At Perugia, Pope Gregory IX grants the Bishop of Ross licence to augment the slender prebends of his church and to create new ones, notwithstanding any contrary ordinance, even one confirmed by the apostolic see. The bishop had petitioned that the prebends were so poor that the four canons holding them could not afford to reside, to the detriment of divine service, while the church's resources had grown enough to support more canons.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), p. 32, no. 80.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 80
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:01:33Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Confirmation by Pope Alexander IV of the Bishop of Ross's ordinance for the church of Rosemarkie
|description=Pope Alexander IV confirms the ordinance by which the Bishop of Ross, with the consent of his chapter, assigned revenues to the dignities and prebends of the church of Rosemarkie and set statutes for its canons and vicars.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=9 February 1256
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Alexander IV, an. II, ep. 108
|transcription=Episcopo Rossensi quaedam ordinationes a praedecessore suo in commodum ecclesiae factae confirmantur. Reg. An. II. epist. 108.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Episcopo, et dilectis filiis Capitulo Rossensi, sal. etc. Cum a nobis petitur etc. usque effectum. Sane fraternitatis tue petitio nobis exposita continebat, quod felicis recordationis G. papa, predecessor noster, augmentandi in ecclesia Rosmarkinensi Rossensis diocesis prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem, prout expedire videret, prebendas alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, bone memorie Roberto Episcopo Rossensi predecessori tuo concessit per apostolicas litteras facultatem. Verum licet idem Epus in augmentatione antiquarum, et creatione seu ordinatione aliarum prebendarum auctoritate litterarum huiusmodi processisset, quia tamen in ordinatione sua de Decanatu, Precentoria, Cancellaria, Thesauria, Archidiaconatu et aliis prebendis eiusdem ecclesie simplicibus in generali faciens mentionem, non expressit, quid cui prebende assignatum fuerit, vel deberet pertinere: tu ordinatione ipsius Episcopi tam ipsarum litterarum, sicut poteras, quam propria in aliquibus supplens, et in aliquibus corrigens et augmentans, deliberatione prehabita provide ordinando Decanatui, Cantorie, Cancellarie et Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Rosnarkino et de Crumbarch inter dignitates ipsas equaliter dividendas, prebendarum earundem dignitatum tenuitate pensata, predicto Decanatui omnes decimas garbarum et alteragium de Andresser, salvis episcopalibus, omnesque decimas garbarum de Kelmur, exceptis garbis dimidie Davach de Aleyn, Cantorie autem omnes decimas garbarum de Kenneythes et de Suthy, Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Urcharde et de Legidibride, Archidiaconatui vero decimas omnes garbarum de Forthierdi et de Edordor, exceptis garbis unius Davach de Aleyn, Subdecanatui omnes decimas garbarum de Thayne et de Eduthayne, Succentorie ecclesiam de Bron et omnes decimas garbarum de Inverferan, cum omnes predicte decime ad Rossensem pertineant ecclesiam, provide perpetuo assignasti. Prebende quoque Episcopi, quem voluisti in Canonicorum eiusdem ecclesie numero computari, debere omnes decimas ecclesiarum de Niger et de Tharbert ad predictam pertinentes ecclesiam curasti etiam perpetuo assignare, quibusdam decimas garbarum de certis locis simplicibus prebendis, et quatuor Vicariis quatuor personarum altaragia de Roskyarkyn et de Crumbaty ecclesiarum sine omni onere episcopali, ita tamen quod honeste utrique ecclesie serviatur, et omnibus ecclesiis de Ergaythel ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus, cum vacaverint, communi Canonicorum prefate ecclesie in perpetuum assignatis. Preterea statuisti, quod maior Decanus sicut in Saluberiensi ecclesia eligatur, et nullus ad aliquam quatuor dignitatum, nec ad Subdecanatum, nec ad Succentoriam admittatur, nisi sacerdos existat: Archidiaconus vero sit diaconus, neque ad aliquam prebendam simplicem quisquam recipiatur, nisi fuerit in sacris ordinibus constitutus. Adiecisti etiam statuto huiusmodi, quod nullus installetur in choro sepefate ecclesie, priusquam iuramentum prestiterit de residentia continua facienda ibidem, nisi peregre proficiscatur, vel in scolis steterit, aut alia honesta causa de licentia Episcopi ad certum tempus eius absentiam excusabit, et quod Subdecanus Vicarium diaconum, et Succentor Vicarium subdiaconum, Episcopus vero nomine prebende sue perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem, cuius stipendiis sex marcas sterlingorum percipiendas in altaragio de Fordi annis singulis deputasti, et Archidiaconus perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem habeat in ecclesia memorata. Quelibet vero simplex prebenda Vicarium habeat subdiaconum, cui suus dominus, pro quo in ecclesia ipsa ministrat, capam nigram et superpellicium largiatur. Vicarii vero perpetui singuli superpellicia et capas nigras propriis sumptibus sibi ipsis acquirant. Porro tam Canonici, quam Vicarii, si necesse habeant ab ecclesia infra diocesim suam, vel extra pro suis promovendis negociis proficisci, et ultra unius diei spacium moram trahere, a Decano vel Subdecano seu ab eorum vices gerentibus licentiam postulent sibi dari. Duobus tamen Vicariis insimul abesse non liceat, nisi urgens causa et evidens id exposcat. Si quis vero Vicariorum tam perpetuorum, quam simplicium ultra triduum ab ecclesia moram fecerit absque causa rationabili, Vicariis residentibus certam pecunie quantitatem exolvat, et ipsius excrescente mora pena ei pecuniaria gravior infligatur. Si autem residens canonicis horis non interfuerit in ecclesia, nulla eum causa rationabili excusante, a Subdecano debeat subici discipline. Excessus Canonicorum ab Episcopo, et Vicariorum a Decano vel Subdecano, vel ab eorum vices gerentibus corrigantur: in quorum Vicariorum correctione si dicti Decanus et Subdecanus inventi fuerint negligentes nimirum vel remissi, statuisti super eisdem excessibus correctionem ad Episcopum pertinere, vel si ad ipsum ex aliqua iusta causa fuerit appellatum. Verum si quis de Canonicorum familiaribus cuiquam infra Canoniam forfecerit sine sanguinis effusione, vel etiam alicuius membri mutilatione, de excessu huiusmodi coram Canonicis in Capitulo cognoscatur, et de forisfacto Epo satisfiat. Insuper autem statuti adiectione firmasti, ut omnes Canonici ante ipsorum installationem similiter, et Vicarii perpetui priusquam ad Vicariam aliquam perpetuam in eadem ecclesia admittantur, prestent de celandis secretis Capituli, que quidem poterunt sine peccato celari, et servandis ecclesie constitutionibus, quodque prestabunt Epo suo ad revocanda dispersa, fidele consilium et auxilium iuramentum. Statuisti etiam, ut singulis diebus per aliquem, quem precentor vel ipsius vicem gerens semel in ebdomada ad hoc duxerit ordinandum, Missa pro defunctis, et specialiter pro Epis loci et universis ecclesie benefactoribus celebretur, et quod omnes mansiones Canonicorum, cum vacaverint, excepta dumtaxat mansione Decani, ad Episcopi collationem pertineant, ita tamen quod Canonicis conferantur. Aliis omnibus articulis in predicti predecessoris tui ordinatione contentis, de quibus in tua huiusmodi ordinatione fit mentio, in suo robore duraturis, prout in litteris exinde confectis, et tuo atque communi Capituli tui, suum super premissis consensum interponentis, sigillis munitis plenius dicitur contineri. Nos itaque tuis precibus inclinati, ordinationem huiusmodi, sicut provide factam, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus etc. usque communimus. Nulli etc. nostre confirmationis etc. Datum Laterani v. Id. Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
|name=Alexander IV;Gregory IX;Robert
|place=Rosemarkie;Cromarty;Ardersier;Kinnettes;Suddie;Urquhart;Tain;Edderton;Nigg;Tarbat;Argyll;Salisbury;Rome
|notes=Theiner's heading describes the letter as confirming ordinances made by the bishop's predecessor. The letter itself confirms the present bishop's own ordinance, which supplemented, corrected and extended the earlier ordinance of Robert, late Bishop of Ross, made under licence from "G." pope. The present bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank.

"G. papa" is identified in the name field as Gregory IX, who in 1235 licensed the Bishop of Ross to augment the prebends of his church and create new ones (Theiner, no. 80). That letter has not yet been examined to confirm that it is the licence referred to here.

The following places are given as printed and have not been identified: Kelmur (one of the Kilmuirs?), Legidibride, Forthierdi, Edordor, Bron, Inverferan, the davachs of Aleyn, Fordi, and Ergaythel (the churches "of Argyll" belonging to the church of Ross). "Rosnarkino" and "Roskyarkyn" are probably misprints for Rosemarkie; "Crumbarch" and "Crumbaty" are Cromarty.

The date v Id. Feb., 2nd year of Alexander IV, is 9 February 1256. The page header in Theiner also gives 1256.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|pages=69-70
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/69/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=9 February 1256
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=9 February 1256 - At the Lateran, Pope Alexander IV confirms an ordinance of the Bishop of Ross for the cathedral church of Rosemarkie. An earlier pope had allowed Robert, late Bishop of Ross, to augment the slender prebends there and create new ones, but Robert's ordinance named the deanery, precentorship, chancellorship, treasurership, archdeaconry and simple prebends without stating what belonged to each. With the chapter's consent, the present bishop assigned the teinds of named churches to each dignity, to the subdeanery and succentorship, and to the bishop's own prebend, and gave the churches of Argyll belonging to the church of Ross to the canons' common fund as they fell vacant. He also set statutes for the chapter: the dean to be elected as at Salisbury, oaths of residence before installation, the orders and stipends of the vicars, leave of absence and discipline, a daily mass for the dead and for the church's benefactors, and the bishop's right to confer canons' manses.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), pp. 69-70, no. 182.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
}}

Source:Scottish document Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182

2026-10-06T05:01:33Z

Redheadkelly: New Source page for Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182 (Alexander IV to the Bishop and Chapter of Ross, 9 Feb 1256)

{{Scottish document
|document_title=Confirmation by Pope Alexander IV of the Bishop of Ross's ordinance for the church of Rosemarkie
|description=Pope Alexander IV confirms the ordinance by which the Bishop of Ross, with the consent of his chapter, assigned revenues to the dignities and prebends of the church of Rosemarkie and set statutes for its canons and vicars.
|document_type=Papal letter
|language=Latin
|document_date=9 February 1256
|repository=Vatican Apostolic Archive
|library_id=Reg. Alexander IV, an. II, ep. 108
|transcription=Episcopo Rossensi quaedam ordinationes a praedecessore suo in commodum ecclesiae factae confirmantur. Reg. An. II. epist. 108.

ALEXANDER EPISCOPUS etc. Venerabili fratri ... Episcopo, et dilectis filiis Capitulo Rossensi, sal. etc. Cum a nobis petitur etc. usque effectum. Sane fraternitatis tue petitio nobis exposita continebat, quod felicis recordationis G. papa, predecessor noster, augmentandi in ecclesia Rosmarkinensi Rossensis diocesis prebendas tenues et de novo ibidem, prout expedire videret, prebendas alias ordinandi, aliqua ordinatione contraria non obstante, bone memorie Roberto Episcopo Rossensi predecessori tuo concessit per apostolicas litteras facultatem. Verum licet idem Epus in augmentatione antiquarum, et creatione seu ordinatione aliarum prebendarum auctoritate litterarum huiusmodi processisset, quia tamen in ordinatione sua de Decanatu, Precentoria, Cancellaria, Thesauria, Archidiaconatu et aliis prebendis eiusdem ecclesie simplicibus in generali faciens mentionem, non expressit, quid cui prebende assignatum fuerit, vel deberet pertinere: tu ordinatione ipsius Episcopi tam ipsarum litterarum, sicut poteras, quam propria in aliquibus supplens, et in aliquibus corrigens et augmentans, deliberatione prehabita provide ordinando Decanatui, Cantorie, Cancellarie et Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Rosnarkino et de Crumbarch inter dignitates ipsas equaliter dividendas, prebendarum earundem dignitatum tenuitate pensata, predicto Decanatui omnes decimas garbarum et alteragium de Andresser, salvis episcopalibus, omnesque decimas garbarum de Kelmur, exceptis garbis dimidie Davach de Aleyn, Cantorie autem omnes decimas garbarum de Kenneythes et de Suthy, Thesaurarie omnes decimas garbarum de Urcharde et de Legidibride, Archidiaconatui vero decimas omnes garbarum de Forthierdi et de Edordor, exceptis garbis unius Davach de Aleyn, Subdecanatui omnes decimas garbarum de Thayne et de Eduthayne, Succentorie ecclesiam de Bron et omnes decimas garbarum de Inverferan, cum omnes predicte decime ad Rossensem pertineant ecclesiam, provide perpetuo assignasti. Prebende quoque Episcopi, quem voluisti in Canonicorum eiusdem ecclesie numero computari, debere omnes decimas ecclesiarum de Niger et de Tharbert ad predictam pertinentes ecclesiam curasti etiam perpetuo assignare, quibusdam decimas garbarum de certis locis simplicibus prebendis, et quatuor Vicariis quatuor personarum altaragia de Roskyarkyn et de Crumbaty ecclesiarum sine omni onere episcopali, ita tamen quod honeste utrique ecclesie serviatur, et omnibus ecclesiis de Ergaythel ad prefatam ecclesiam pertinentibus, cum vacaverint, communi Canonicorum prefate ecclesie in perpetuum assignatis. Preterea statuisti, quod maior Decanus sicut in Saluberiensi ecclesia eligatur, et nullus ad aliquam quatuor dignitatum, nec ad Subdecanatum, nec ad Succentoriam admittatur, nisi sacerdos existat: Archidiaconus vero sit diaconus, neque ad aliquam prebendam simplicem quisquam recipiatur, nisi fuerit in sacris ordinibus constitutus. Adiecisti etiam statuto huiusmodi, quod nullus installetur in choro sepefate ecclesie, priusquam iuramentum prestiterit de residentia continua facienda ibidem, nisi peregre proficiscatur, vel in scolis steterit, aut alia honesta causa de licentia Episcopi ad certum tempus eius absentiam excusabit, et quod Subdecanus Vicarium diaconum, et Succentor Vicarium subdiaconum, Episcopus vero nomine prebende sue perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem, cuius stipendiis sex marcas sterlingorum percipiendas in altaragio de Fordi annis singulis deputasti, et Archidiaconus perpetuum Vicarium sacerdotem habeat in ecclesia memorata. Quelibet vero simplex prebenda Vicarium habeat subdiaconum, cui suus dominus, pro quo in ecclesia ipsa ministrat, capam nigram et superpellicium largiatur. Vicarii vero perpetui singuli superpellicia et capas nigras propriis sumptibus sibi ipsis acquirant. Porro tam Canonici, quam Vicarii, si necesse habeant ab ecclesia infra diocesim suam, vel extra pro suis promovendis negociis proficisci, et ultra unius diei spacium moram trahere, a Decano vel Subdecano seu ab eorum vices gerentibus licentiam postulent sibi dari. Duobus tamen Vicariis insimul abesse non liceat, nisi urgens causa et evidens id exposcat. Si quis vero Vicariorum tam perpetuorum, quam simplicium ultra triduum ab ecclesia moram fecerit absque causa rationabili, Vicariis residentibus certam pecunie quantitatem exolvat, et ipsius excrescente mora pena ei pecuniaria gravior infligatur. Si autem residens canonicis horis non interfuerit in ecclesia, nulla eum causa rationabili excusante, a Subdecano debeat subici discipline. Excessus Canonicorum ab Episcopo, et Vicariorum a Decano vel Subdecano, vel ab eorum vices gerentibus corrigantur: in quorum Vicariorum correctione si dicti Decanus et Subdecanus inventi fuerint negligentes nimirum vel remissi, statuisti super eisdem excessibus correctionem ad Episcopum pertinere, vel si ad ipsum ex aliqua iusta causa fuerit appellatum. Verum si quis de Canonicorum familiaribus cuiquam infra Canoniam forfecerit sine sanguinis effusione, vel etiam alicuius membri mutilatione, de excessu huiusmodi coram Canonicis in Capitulo cognoscatur, et de forisfacto Epo satisfiat. Insuper autem statuti adiectione firmasti, ut omnes Canonici ante ipsorum installationem similiter, et Vicarii perpetui priusquam ad Vicariam aliquam perpetuam in eadem ecclesia admittantur, prestent de celandis secretis Capituli, que quidem poterunt sine peccato celari, et servandis ecclesie constitutionibus, quodque prestabunt Epo suo ad revocanda dispersa, fidele consilium et auxilium iuramentum. Statuisti etiam, ut singulis diebus per aliquem, quem precentor vel ipsius vicem gerens semel in ebdomada ad hoc duxerit ordinandum, Missa pro defunctis, et specialiter pro Epis loci et universis ecclesie benefactoribus celebretur, et quod omnes mansiones Canonicorum, cum vacaverint, excepta dumtaxat mansione Decani, ad Episcopi collationem pertineant, ita tamen quod Canonicis conferantur. Aliis omnibus articulis in predicti predecessoris tui ordinatione contentis, de quibus in tua huiusmodi ordinatione fit mentio, in suo robore duraturis, prout in litteris exinde confectis, et tuo atque communi Capituli tui, suum super premissis consensum interponentis, sigillis munitis plenius dicitur contineri. Nos itaque tuis precibus inclinati, ordinationem huiusmodi, sicut provide factam, ratam habentes et gratam, illam auctoritate apostolica confirmamus etc. usque communimus. Nulli etc. nostre confirmationis etc. Datum Laterani v. Id. Februarii, Pontificatus nostri anno secundo.
|name=Alexander IV;Gregory IX;Robert
|place=Rosemarkie;Cromarty;Ardersier;Kinnettes;Suddie;Urquhart;Tain;Edderton;Nigg;Tarbat;Argyll;Salisbury;Rome
|notes=Theiner's heading describes the letter as confirming ordinances made by the bishop's predecessor. The letter itself confirms the present bishop's own ordinance, which supplemented, corrected and extended the earlier ordinance of Robert, late Bishop of Ross, made under licence from "G." pope. The present bishop is not named; the register copy leaves his name blank.

"G. papa" is identified in the name field as Gregory IX, who in 1235 licensed the Bishop of Ross to augment the prebends of his church and create new ones (Theiner, no. 80). That letter has not yet been examined to confirm that it is the licence referred to here.

The following places are given as printed and have not been identified: Kelmur (one of the Kilmuirs?), Legidibride, Forthierdi, Edordor, Bron, Inverferan, the davachs of Aleyn, Fordi, and Ergaythel (the churches "of Argyll" belonging to the church of Ross). "Rosnarkino" and "Roskyarkyn" are probably misprints for Rosemarkie; "Crumbarch" and "Crumbaty" are Cromarty.

The date v Id. Feb., 2nd year of Alexander IV, is 9 February 1256. The page header in Theiner also gives 1256.
|editor-last1=Theiner
|editor-first1=Augustin
|title=Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia
|publication-place=Rome
|publisher=Typis Vaticanis
|year=1864
|pages=69-70
|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_20XwMW0Y7PcC/page/69/mode/1up
|via=Internet Archive
}}
{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|date=9 February 1256
|person_page=
|place_page=
|timeline=9 February 1256 - At the Lateran, Pope Alexander IV confirms an ordinance of the Bishop of Ross for the cathedral church of Rosemarkie. An earlier pope had allowed Robert, late Bishop of Ross, to augment the slender prebends there and create new ones, but Robert's ordinance named the deanery, precentorship, chancellorship, treasurership, archdeaconry and simple prebends without stating what belonged to each. With the chapter's consent, the present bishop assigned the teinds of named churches to each dignity, to the subdeanery and succentorship, and to the bishop's own prebend, and gave the churches of Argyll belonging to the church of Ross to the canons' common fund as they fell vacant. He also set statutes for the chapter: the dean to be elected as at Salisbury, oaths of residence before installation, the orders and stipends of the vicars, leave of absence and discipline, a daily mass for the dead and for the church's benefactors, and the bishop's right to confer canons' manses.
|citation=Augustin Theiner, ed., ''Vetera Monumenta Hibernorum et Scotorum Historiam Illustrantia'' (Rome: Typis Vaticanis, 1864), pp. 69-70, no. 182.
|citation_name=Theiner, Vet. Mon., no. 182
}}

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Source:Proceedings (Saint Maelrubha)

2026-10-01T06:17:51Z

Redheadkelly:

{{Book section
|book=Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (vol. 3)
|source_type=
|section=Saint Maelrubha : His History And Churches
|transcription= <center>II.</center>
<center style="margin:15px">SAINT MAELRUBHA : HIS HISTORY AND CHURCHES. By [[William Reeves (bishop)|WILLIAM REEVES]], D.D., M.B., {{smallcaps|Vice-Pres}}. R.I.A., {{smallcaps|Hon. Memb. Soc. Antiq. Scotland, and Antiq. Soc. of Zurich}}.<sup>1</sup></center>

Next to St Columcille, there is no ecclesiastic of the ancient Scottish
Church whose commemorations are more numerous in the West of Scotland<ref name="Proceedings vol. 3 p. 258" />

<small>
# In July 1849, the writer of the following paper made a [[Source:Irish Ecclesiastical (Ancient Irish Missionaries)|communication]] to the “[[Irish Ecclesiastical Journal (vol. 5)|Irish Ecclesiastical Journal]],” which appeared in the 108th number of that publication (vol. v. p. 299). Previously to that date, nothing had been done towards the identification of St Maelrubha or his church of Apercrossan; and in his note on the passage of the Four Masters at 671, which makes mention of them, the learned Dr O'Donovan declared his inability to ascertain the modern name of the saint's church in Scotland. In the appendix, however, to the second volume (p. 1191), the author refers to the article in the “Irish Ecclesiastical Journal” as affording the desired information. Since that period, the present writer has had opportunity to visit many of the scenes of St Maelrubha's labours, and to extend his acquaintance with Scottish works bearing upon the individual or his age; and the result of all is here collected in a memoir, in the compilation of which accuracy has been principally aimed at. Should this effort to embody in a connected view the ''disjecta membra'' of Irish and Scottish reminiscences of the saint be deemed worthy of the notice of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the writer will consider that he has received tenfold remuneration for the time and pains bestowed upon the task.—{{smallcaps|The Vicarage, Lusk}}, ''April'' 20, 1859.
</small>

than [[Máel Ruba|St Maelrubha]], or whose history is marked with greater exactness
in the main particulars of his life. He was born on the 3d of
January, in the year of our Lord 642, as we learn from the accurate
annalist Tighernach, who, in recording the saint's obit, determines his
age to the very day. On his father's side, he was eighth in descent from
[[Niall of the Nine Hostages]], Sovereign of Ireland, through that branch
of his house called the [[Cinel Eoghain]] ;<sup>1</sup> subordinately, through the family
styled the Cinel Binnigh,<sup>2</sup> which clan early obtained a settlement in,
and gave name to, a district in the south-eastern part of the present
county of Londonderry, where, among his kindred, we may reasonably
presume our saint was born. On his mother's side he was akin to St
Comgall, the great abbot of Bangor in the county of Down, who was of
the Cruithne, or Irish Picts, being of the race of Fiacha Araidhe, the
founder of the Dal-Araidhe of Ulster. His paternal descent is recited
among the pedigrees of the Irish saints preserved in the venerable manuscripts
in the collection of the Royal Irish Academy, called the Book of
Lecan, and the Book of Ballymote.<sup>3</sup> It is also found in the more modern
compilation of Duald MacFirbis.<sup>4</sup> All these authorities agree in setting
him forth as Maelrubha, son of Elganach, son of Garbh, son of Ollarbach,
son of Cuboirenn, son of Cremthann, son of Binnigh, son of Eoghan (who
died, according to Tigernach, in 465), son of Niall of the Nine Hostages.{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/259/mode/1up 259]}}

<small>
# The Cinel Eoghain were the descendants of Eoghan, son of Niall, and their territory was called ''Tir-Eoghain'', i,e. Terra Eugenii, subsequently and still known as ''Tyrone''; and ''Inis Eoghain, i.e''. Insula Eugenii, the peninsular portion of the northeast of the county of Donegal, now known as the barony of ''Inishowen.
# The Cinel Binny were the descendants of Eochaidh Binnigh, a son of Eoghan above mentioned. Their territory was a subdivision of Tyrone, extending to Tullaghoge on the south, and comprehending all the modern barony of Loughinsholin on the west of the River Bann, which, though now in the county of Londonderry, was in Tyrone until 1591. It gave name to a rural deanery in the diocese of Derry, called ''Bynnagh'' or ''Bennagh'', See Beeves's “Colton's Visitation,” p. 74.
# “Book of Lecan,” fol. 87 ''bc''.
# “Book of Ballymoto,” fol. 119 ''ba''.
</small>

In the tract on the Mothers of the saints of Ireland, preserved in the
manuscripts above mentioned,<sup>1</sup> two names are assigned to his mother—
<span class="insular">Suibsech mꞇ̇ir Molruḃ mec lgonig</span>, “Suaibsech, mother of
Maolruhha, son of Elgonach;” and again, <span class="insular">Subtn ingen Setn siur Chomgill mꞇ̇ir Molruḃ</span>, “Subtan, daughter of Setna, sister of
Comgall, mother of Maolrubha.” With the latter statement agrees the
note on the Feilire of Ængus the Culdee, at the 21st of April; but it is
attended with the chronological difficulty that S. Comgall, Subtan's brother,
died at an advanced age in 602; whereas Maelrubha was not born till 642.

The following table exhibits at a view the double descent of our
saint:—

{{Tree chart/start|align=center}}
{{Tree chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| |NI | | | | | | | |LU | | NI={{smallcaps|Niall ix. Hostages}}<br><br>|LU={{smallcaps|Lughaidh}}<br><small>(Cujus atavus flor. {{smallcaps|a.d.}} 236.)</small> }}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| |EO | | | | | | | |CR | |EO={{smallcaps|Eoghan}} <small>(ob. 465)</small>|CR={{smallcaps|Crimthann}} }}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| |EO | | | | | | | |ER | |EO={{smallcaps|Eochaidh Binnigh}}<br><small>(a quo ''Cinel Binnigh''.)</small>|ER={{smallcaps|Ernan}}<br><br> }}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| |CR | | | | | | | |FO | | CR={{smallcaps|Crimthann}}|FO={{smallcaps|Forgo}} }}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| |CU | | | | | | | |BR | |CU={{smallcaps|Cuboirenn}}|BR={{smallcaps|Brian}} }}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| |OL | | | | | | | |EO | |OL={{smallcaps|Ollarbach}}|EO={{smallcaps|Eochaidh}} }}
{{Tree chart| | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| |GA | | | | | | | |SE | |GA={{smallcaps|Garbh}}|SE={{smallcaps|Sedna}} }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| | |`|-|-|.| | | |,|-|-|'| | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| | | | |EL |~|SU | | | | | |EL={{smallcaps|Elganach}}|SU={{smallcaps|Subtan}}|eq=== }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| | | | | | | |!| | | | | }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| | | | | | |MA | | | | | |MA={{smallcaps|Maelrubha.}} }}
{{Tree chart|border=0| | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
{{Tree chart/end}}

The name Maelrubha is compounded of ''Mael'' “a servant,” and ''Rubha'',
which signifies either “patience”<sup>2</sup> or a “promontory;”<sup>3</sup> and it is occasionally
met with in Irish records. Maelrubha, of the race of Conall
Gulban, was great-grandfather of St Moabba.<sup>4</sup> Two of the name are{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/260/mode/1up 260]}}

<small>
# “MacFirbis' Genealogical M.S.,” p. 701 ''b''.
# Ruba <span class="insular">.i. fulng</span> (“patience”). “MacFirbis' Gloss.”
# Of frequent occurrence in the topography of Scotland, as a point of land, in words beginning with ''Ru'' or ''Rue''.
# See the genealogical table in “Reeves's St Columba,” at p. 842; “Book of Lecan,” fol. 41 ''ba''.
</small>

found among the descendants of King Laeghaire;<sup>1</sup> and the Four Masters,
in their Annals, at the years 715, 771, 823, and 992, record the deaths
of other individuals so called.

Our saint, following the national usage of family association, became
a member of St Comgall's society at Bangor. The Four Masters, led by
the gloss in the Calendar of Marian, state expressly that he was abbot of
that monastery; but for this assertion there is no authority in the earlier
records, and, indeed, there is negative proof to the contrary, as his name
is not found in the catalogue of abbots recited in the Antiphonary of
Bangor.<sup>2</sup> His connection with this place seems, however, to have been
kept up even after he fixed his seat in Scotland, and his principal church
in that country was regarded as an affiliation of Bangor; for we find, at
the year 802, mention made of the death of an abbot of Bangor, who took
his designation from Apurcrossan; and it is probable that Failbhe, abbot
of Apurcrossan, who was lost at sea, with twenty-two members of his
fraternity, in 737, was on his way to or from a chapter of his order
in the parent institution.<sup>3</sup>

In the year 671, Maelrubha, being now twenty-nine years old, withdrew
from his native country to Alba, following in the wake of St
Columba and others of his nation. This we learn from the Annals of
Tighernach and of Ulster, at the years 671 and 670 respectively, in
the entry, ''Maelruba'' in ''Britanniam navigat''. Two years expired before
he obtained a permanent settlement; but in 673,<sup>4</sup> as Tighernach again
relates, ''Maelruba fundavit ecclesiam Aporcrosan'', The Four Masters, at
the year 671, combine the two entries, omitting any notice of the interval,
and state that in that year <span class="insular">Molruḃ bb Bendċir do dul i nlbin go ro foꞇ̇ig eccls porcrosn</span>, “Maelrubha, abbot of Benchar,{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/261/mode/1up 261]}}

<small>
# “Book of Lecan,” fol. 41 ''bb''; “MacFirbis' Geneal. MS.,” p. 192. “The Annals of Ulster,” at 716, render Maelrubha ''Filius Rubai''; and at 992 by ''Rubai''.
# See Muratori Anecd. tom. iv. p. 158; “Opere,” tom, undec. pt. iii. p. 251; “O'Conor, Rer. Hib. Script.” vol. i., Ep. Nuncup., pp. 168, ''sqq''.; Peyron, “Ciceronis Orat. Fragm.,” pp. 224-26 (Stuttgarde, 1824); especially “Ulster Journal of Archæology,” vol. i. pp. 177-79.
# See such a case recorded by Adamnan, ii. 45, and the note, p. 178, in Reeves's edition.
# “Annal. Ult.” 672; “The Annals of Clonmacnois” have ''Moyle-Rovaie founded the church of Aporcorossan'' an. 669.
</small>

went to Alba, and founded the church of Aporcrossan.”<sup>1</sup> Here he
continued to exercise his abbatial office for fifty-one years, during which
time he founded a church on an island in a lake of Ross-shire, which takes
its name of ''Loch Maree'' from him; and he acquired so great a reputation
for sanctity, that he was regarded as the patron saint of this part of Scotland,
whence he extended his influence both in islands and on the mainland.
In 722 he closed his labours; and his obit is thus circumstantially
recorded by Tighernach: ''Maelruba in Apercrossan, anno'' lxxx. ''etatis sue, et tribus mensibus, et'' xix. ''diehus peractis, in'' xi. ''Kal, Maii tertie ferie die, pausat''.
The parallel entry in the Annals of Ulster, at 721, is less explicit:
''Maelrubai in Apurcrosson, anno'' lxxx. ''etatis sue'' [''obiit'']. Tighernach,
indeed, subjects his accuracy to a severe test; for he gives the
year, 722; the day of the month, 21st of April; and the day of the week,
Tuesday. Let us try him on his own telling:

The current letter of April 21 is F; therefore, supposing it to be
Tuesday, as he states, the Sunday-letter will be D. We turn to the
''L'Art de Verifier les Dates'' for a year to answer this note; and 722 exhibits
the desired symbol.

April 21 being established as the day of his death, we refer to the
Irish calendars, where we find the following interesting notices. And
first, the Feilire or Festival-book of Aengus the Culdee,<sup>2</sup> a writer who
flourished in the early part of the ninth century:—

::::<span class="insular">In lpin co ngline</span><br>
::::<span class="insular">Ir lecud cech sub</span><br>
::::<span class="insular">Luid uinn con mthir </span><br>
::::<span class="insular">r mbrthin Moelrub.</span><br>
:
::::“In Alba, in purity. <br>
::::After abandoning all happiness, <br>
::::Hath gone from us to his mother, <br>
::::Our brother Maelrubha.”{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/262/mode/1up 262]}}<br>

<small>
# “Annals of the Four Masters,” vol. i. p. 282., ed. O'Donovan.
# This most venerable, curious, and important poem has never, to the disgrace of Ireland, been printed. Ancient copies exist in MS. in the Bodleian library (Rawl. 505, vell.); the Royal Irish Acad.; and the O'Clery collection in the Burgundian library at Brussels. The finest and best annotated copy known is that in the Leabhar Breac, fol. 28. (Library of the R. Irish Academy.)
</small>

Upon which is written the following note by an early hand:<sup>1</sup>—

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}<span class="insular">.i. do ċenel ogin do, ocus i nlpin t .i. in Conpur Crossn ocus feil  eitsecht so. Subtn ingen Setni ocus siur Chomgill Bendchuir  mthir ocus in bur Chresen<sup>2</sup> t  chell. </span>
{{col-break}}“''i.e.'', he was of the Cinel Eoghain, and it is in Alba he is, ''i.e''., in Conpur<sup>2</sup> Crossan; and this the festival of his death. Subtan, daughter of Setna, and sister of Comgall of Bennchar, was his mother; and in Aburchresen his church is.” {{col-end}}

Next in order is the Martyrology of Tamlacht, an ancient calendar,
which simply gives under each day the name of the saint and his principal
church. At the 21st of April it has the commemoration,
<center><span class="insular">Melrubch Benchir,</span></center>
<center>“Of Maelrubha of Bangor.” </center>
The Calendar of Marian Gorman, compiled about the year 1167, commemorates,
at same day,
<center><span class="insular">Melrub nem, </span></center>
<center>“Maelruba the holy.” </center>
Upon which is the gloss, <span class="insular">bb Benchir</span>, “Abbot of Benchar.”

Lastly, the Calendar of Donegall, collected from ancient authorities,
by the O'Clerys, in the early part of the seventeenth century, thus notices
the saint:—

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
<span class="insular">Melruḃ mc lgniġ do ċenel oġin mic Neill, bb Bennchir gus ro bennigh fos in lbin .i. in pur Crossn, nno Domini 721, octmogt blidn  eir n tn ro fid  spirt. Suiḃsech inm  mꞇ̇ir. No gomb i Suḃꞇ̇in inġen Sedn siur Coṁgill  mꞇ̇ir.</span>
{{col-break}}
“Maelrubha, son of Elganach, of the race of Eoghan, son of Niall, abbot of Benchar; and he blessed also [a place] in Scotland, ''i.e''., in Apur Crossan, {{smallcaps|a.d}}. 721. Eighty years was his age when he resigned his spirit. Suaibhsech the name of{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/263/mode/1up 263]}} his mother. Or, it was Subtan, daughter of Sedna, sister of Comgall, was his mother.”
{{col-end}}

<small>
# The notes on the Feilire are ascribed by Colgan to Cathal Magnire, a canon of Armagh, who died in 1498. The present gloss is cited in Dr Todd's “Introduction to the Book of Obits of Christ Church,” p. 58.
# ''Conpur'' seems to be an error for ''Apur'', as the contraction O, which represents ''con'', may easily have been mistaken for ''a''.
# <span class="insular">Cresen</span> might mean “devout,” or “righteons man.” But it is more likely that ''Crossan'' was the ancient name of the Applecross river.
</small>

From the above, it may be seen that all the Irish authorities, both
Annals and Calendars, are unanimous in referring his death to the 21st
of April.

The following is a connected summary of the preceding observations:—
St Maelrubha, son of Elgana and Subtan, descended on his father's side
from Niall the Great, through the Cinel Owen race; and by his mother,
from the Dalaradian stock, and, through her, nearly related to St Comgall,
was born on the 3d of January 642. He received his early training at
his kinsman's famous monastery of Bangor, where he rose so much in
esteem that, according to some authorities, he became the abbot, or what
is more probable, was appointed to the subordinate station of prior. In
671, having attained his twenty-ninth year, he left his native country
and withdrew to Scotland. Two years, which were probably spent in
choosing a place of abode, having elapsed, he settled in 673, at Apurcrossan,
on the north-west coast of Scotland, where he founded a church,
which became the nucleus of a conventual establishment, following the
order of Bangor, and for a long period affiliated to that monastery.
After a presidency of fifty-one years, during which time he enjoyed a
character of great sanctity, he died a natural death at Apurcrossan, on
Tuesday, the 21st day of April 722, at the age of eighty years, three
months, and nineteen days.

Such is the Irish statement of his history, and it is too circumstantial
and too well attested to admit of its being called in question. Scottish
authorities, while they agree with the Irish in coupling the name and
memory of the saint with Applecross, as his principal church, differ very
materially from them as to his date, history, and festival. Indeed, it is
difficult to avoid the alternative of supposing that they have confounded
the acts of two saints, or, that a good deal of what is set down to Maelrubha
by them, is gathered from comparatively recent and debased tradition.
I shall adduce these writers in their order of age, premising that
the day which all Scottish calendars and writers, with one exception,
have chosen for the saint's festival, is the 27th of August.{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/264/mode/1up 264]}}

The [[Aberdeen Breviary|Breviary of Aberdeen]] in its calendar, at the vi, kal. Sept., notices
''Maelrubii abbatis, medice lectiones de sancto Rupho, novem lectones''. In the
Proprium Sanctorum, at same day, we find an office of nine lessons, the
middle three of which are devoted to St Ruffas of the Roman Martyrology.
The compiler of the principal legend of the day evidently was in
the dark as regarded the history of St Malrubius, and records, as will
presently be shown, no more authentic matter in the narrative than a
peasant could at this day collect in the regions where the saint's memory
is preserved.

''Lec. i''. “Malrubii martyris Christi transitum de mnndo celebraturi
dignis cum laudibus ejus commemoracionem in hymnis psallendo et canticis
transigemus et obDei reverenciam diem presentemdiligenter decorare
studebimus Nee vestras subterfugiat sanctitates hunc quem colimus virum
sub regula et habitu monachali longos vite sue in calamitate et miseria
trivisse dies. Fidei incredulos ac gentilium paganos suis doctrina et predicacione
ad religionem quam profitemur christianam convertendo. ''Lec. ii''.
Sed ne dies predara ilia de qua locuti fuimus absque miraculorum per Dei
virum gestorum narracionis [''recte'' narratione transeat] ea paucis taxando
ubi plurima quam tempus patitur augustia fuerint [''recte'' plurima temporis
non patitur angustia] declarabimus. Nam cum nonnulli malarum cogitacionum
viri de Norvagii regniculo navigio Rossie confinibus applicarent:
beatum audientes Malrubium alienam ab eorum gentilitate fidem predicantem
sanguinolentas in Dei unctum intulerunt manus ac gladios de
vaginis extrahentes funestos beatum Dei virum tanquam agnum mansuetum
et pium pro Christi nomine pacientem crudelius quam enarrari posset
percuBserunt et vulneraverunt: et tanquam mortuum in campis silvestribus
canibus et avibus devorandum reliquerunt. ''Lec, iii''. Beatum itaque corpusculum
per triduum semivivum incognitum populo jacebat Attamen
per angeloB Dei oontinua consolaoione et visitacione a multis visum est
associatum. Locus tamen ubi corpus exanime incubuit fulgore nimio coruscare
pluribus apparuit qui illic venientes beatum Malrubium in agone
laborantem reperierunt sed eo sanguine et corpore Jesu Christi immaculati
agni participati [''recte'' participate] dominum laudando cum sancta
pacientia et senectute bona in fata decessit corpusque ad basilicam que a
vulgo dicitur Appillcroce transferri et ibidem tradi sepulture mandavit.
At ne sanguis beati martyris preoiosus in terram effusus absque veneracione{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/265/mode/1up 265]}}

relinqueretur Illo in loco in honore martyris noBtri sacratissimi ex
inciso robore satis reverenter eztructa est capella que postea in parrochialem
erigitur ecclesiam que in presens Urqubard ab illius terre incolis
vocitatur. (''Tres medie Lectiones de sancto Rupho martyre''). ''Lec. vii'', Interim
populo alia qiiamplurima contingebant fieri miracula Dani adversus insulanes
bella moventes ad prefatam ecclesiam de Appilcroce navigio terram
illam vi et armis expngnandam et depredandam arripnerunt: verum quia
terre circumvicinei per sena a dicta ecclesia miliaria immunitatis beati viri
meritis gaudet privilegio eandem a quibuscunque minus juste depredari
minime permittit Dani vero de premissis cerciorati Dei vindictam non formidantes
in beati Malrubii contemptum sacerdotibus et aliis ecclesie ministris
in obprobrium datis victualia et animalia cum quibus sese sustentare
deberent yi et palam abstulerunt et rapuerunt atque licet ciborum inedia
astricti fuerant (justo Dei judicio) suis cum rapinis navibus festinarunt
Nam cum tanta prohibuit mora quod illo in territorio manducare nee bibere
potuerantvelisque extensis mare minime agitato ventis sed tranquillo prospero
ut apparuit cursu navigantes videntibus cunctis eosdem mare omnes
simul consumpsit et exsorbuit.{{NoteTag|Here Reeves shares the original Latin version of the lessons of St Malrubius from the [[w:Roman Breviary#Proprium Sanctorum|Proprium Sanctorum]]. Lec. ii tells the story of the men of the kingdom of Norway drawing swords from their sheaths and killing Malrubia. And in Lec. vii, Reeves gets this idea that, "in after-times the lands of Applecross, in a radius of six miles from the saint's church, enjoyed the rights of sanctuary and immunity."<br><br>

The actual text, though, appears to be less specific. From [[Google Translate]]:
:Lec. vii. The Danes, having waged war against the islanders, took that land by force and arms to the aforesaid church of Appilcroce by boat, to seize and plunder it: but since the surrounding land, by the fence of the said church, enjoys the privilege of miles of immunity by virtue of the merits of the blessed man, he does not at all allow it to be plundered by any less justly.}} ''Lec. viij''. Debinc dum prefati insulani
contra Rossenses quosdam veteres excitarent inimicitias cogitayerunt qualiter
in eos vindicarent inito eorum consilio in magna virorum copia congregati
ignorantibus Bossiisqui cum in ecclesia beati Malrubii de Contan
annuam sanctiviri celebrarent solemnitatem insulani clam noctis sub silencio
eosdem insidiarunt atque igne ecclesiam prefatam incenderunt in qua
plusquam centeni cbristiani viri et mulieres ferro et igne extincti sunt quod
facinus Deus ipse gloriosus qui sanguinis innocencium aspersionis est
ultor impunitum non permisit. Nam cum quibusdam illorum occisorum
parentibus beatus vir apparuisset in somnis Bossii in brevi aggregati sunt
numero verum quamquam insulani illis forciores et pociores fuerint
nicbilominus Dei et beati viri freti auxilio Bossii insulanos illos ita compescu[er]unt
et gladio perdomuerunt quod de quincentis armatis triginta
vix viri evaserant qui etiam servi bostium et dediticii efifecti immo
omnes tanquam non videntes stupore formidinis perculsi sunt et a pluribus
adversariis beatus vir baculum gestans manu visus est. ''Lec. ix''.
Sacerdos quidam parrocbialis inter divina celebranda solemnitatem beati
martyris Malrubii suis parrocbianis a servilibus observandam serviciis{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/266/mode/1up 266]}}

<small>
# See the Gaelic name ''Comrich'', infra; and the Saxon ''Girth'', infra.
</small>

precepit parrochiani autem illi quia autumnas instabat grana usque ad
vesperam non obstante metebant pauloque ante singule domus meteucium
sponte igne accense sunt verum quidam devotus diem martyris
solemniter celebrabat in divinis. Ita contigit quod singule domus incendio
consumpte sunt illius devoti yiri dome que aliis domibus contigua fuerat
tantum excepta. Et cum illi messores domesticas suas res de eisdem
domibus adversus ventum extraherent sicut fecerat iste devotus
Ventus yero in aliam versus est regionem: et res ille que premitus
a vento salve fuerint igne adversante similiter exhauste sunt Bebus illius
viri aliis in medio admixtis integre permanentibus.<sup>1</sup>

The purport of this narrative is, that a body of pagan Norwegians,
landing on the eastern shores of Ross, slew Malrubius, and dragged his
body into the thickets to be devoured by wild beasts. That his martyrdom
occurred at Urquhard, and that on the spot where he suffered, a
wooden chapel was at first constructed, which was subsequently superseded
by the parish church of Urquhart or Ferintosh. That his body
was removed from this place and carried to Applecross, where it was
solemnly interred. That in after-times the lands of Applecross, in a
radius of six miles from the saint's church, enjoyed the rights of sanctuary
and immunity; but the Danes, who invaded the district, despising
the privilege, plundered the priests and ministers of the monastery, and
carried the booty to their ships. Yet the vengeance of Providence overtook
them, for they perished in the tranquil sea. On another occasion
the Islanders surprised the Rossmen who were assembled in St Malrubius's
church of Contan, keeping the saint's festival, and burned the
church with above a hundred men and women in it. But the Rossmen
assembling and suddenly attacking the invaders, overthrew them so
signally, that of five hundred scarcely thirty survived. Lastly, it happened
that one year some people, anxious to anticipate the advancing
autumn, neglected to observe the saint's festival, being busily occupied
in reaping, for which their houses took fire and were consumed, while
one adjoining house, belonging to a man who respected the saint and
kept his holiday, was miraculously left intact.{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/267/mode/1up 267]}}

<small>
# Breviarii Aberdonensis, Part. Estiv., Propr. Sanct. foll. 89 ''bb''—91 ''aa'' (Reprint).
</small>

The next authority is an Aberdeen martyrology preserved in the
University Library of Edinburgh: “vi. Kal. Sept. In Scotia sancti
Malrubii martyris sepultus apud Appilhorss, Rossensis dyocesis. Cujus
tanto sperabatur in partibus illis beatitudo in patria quanto ejusdem
miranda apud illam indomitam gentem comprobatur probitas et
patientia.”<sup>1</sup>

Adam King's Calendar at the 27th of August has: “S. Malrube
heremeit and mart. be ye daneis at mame in scot. vnder king malcolme 2.
—1024.”

Whom Camerarius follows: Aug. 27. “S. Malrubius Martyr a Noruegis. Celebris habetur in Mernia.”<sup>2</sup>

Dempster, in his Menologium, has: “Julius xxvii. Marnæ Malrubi
Eremitæ et martyris a Danis interfecti.” And again, “Augustus xxvii.
In Scotia Malrubi Eremitæ.”<sup>3</sup> In his larger work he is more explicit:
“S. Malrubus erėmiticam vitam sanctissime professus Danis sub Malcolmo
II. Scotiam ferocissime incursantibus ad Marnam, quam toties
optavit, martyrii palmam tandem recepit. Apices tantum operum invenio
cum ea perierint. scripserat autem—

<center>De imitatione Sanctorum, Lib. i. </center>
<center>De Christiaiia perfectione, Lib. i. </center>

Vixit anno {{smallcaps|mxxiv}}. Recolitur ejus memoria die xxvij Augusti.”<sup>4</sup>

Bishop Keith copies the entry in Adam King, but unhappily turns
''Marne'' into ''Nairn''.<sup>5</sup>

The Bollandists, following Dempster, notice the saint under the 27th
of July,<sup>6</sup> but they refer to the 27th of August for his acts. Under the
latter day they cite the lessons of the Breviary of Aberdeen, but fall into{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/268/mode/1up 268]}}

<small>
# Proceedings of the Society of Antiqaaries of Scotland, vol, ii. p. 267.
# De Scotoram Fortitudine, p. 176 (Paris, 1681).
# Tho. Dempsteri Menologii, pp. 18, 21 (Bonon. 1622).
# Tho. Dempsteri Hist. Eccles. Gent. Sector.; vol. ii. p. 450* (Repr. 1829.)
# Histor. Catal. of Bishops, p. 878 (Edinb. 1824).
# Acta Sanctorum, Julii, tom. vi. p. 352 ''b''.
</small>

the error of making the place of his martyrdom to be Marnia or Mernis;<sup>1</sup>
while Patrick Ninian Wemyss, cited by them, fixes it “penes Nairnam
non procul ab Invernesso.” They are again in error in taking exception
to the supposed identity of Malrubius and Rufus:—“Undo censemus,
non satis cum vero consentire, quæ scribit Wemyssius antea allegatus;
Suspicor hunc Malrubium eundem esse cum famoso illo Rossensium eremita,
de quo mira narrantur, quem illi Melrigam vocant: quia narravit
mihi P. Macra noster, eis in oris missionarius, et amicus meus, Rossos
suum eremitam latinè Rufum dicere: jam Malrubius et Rufus non multum discrepant.”<sup>2</sup>

Alban Butler, in deference to both Scottish and Irish, notices two Malrubii;
the one at April 21, whom he represents as “of Abur-Crossain,
in the county of Ross in Ireland,” who was slain by Norway pirates in
721; having “his festival in Connaught.”<sup>3</sup> The other, as leading an
eremitical life in Scotland, and murdered by the Norwegians about the
year 1040. The note adds, that “he is not to be confounded with St
Malrubius who is honoured on the 21st of April.”<sup>4</sup> Thus this amiable
writer makes confusion doubly confounded.

The sagacious Thomas Innes, however, was not to be misled by the
conjectural dates of Adam King, nor even by his native calendars:
“About the same time lived among the Picts, S. Maolrubius or Mulruy,
a religious man of great sanctity of life, who being slain by the Danes
or Norwegians in an invasion they made into Ross, a.d. 721, was buried
at Apercross, and his memory celebrated as a Martyr upon 21st of
April.”<sup>5</sup> Here it is to be observed that he borrows the day and year
from the Irish authorities, but introduces the Scottish tradition of the
martyrdom, which is not borne out by any ancient record. It is also
open to the serious objection, that the Northmen had not commenced
their recorded ravages of North Britain so early as the year 721.<sup>6</sup>{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/269/mode/1up 269]}}

<small>
# ''Marnia'', alias The Mearns, was an old name of Kincardineshire. But may not Marnia have been a name for the district about Urqnhart also ?
# Acta Sanctor. Ang., tom. vi. pp. 181, 182.
# Lives of the Saints, April 21.
# Ibid. Aug. 27.
# Civil and Eccles. Hist. of Scotland, p. 819 (Spalding Club). He is styled ''martyr'' in the legal records of 1548, 1549, in Appendix ''infra''.
# The first inroad of the Danes on England was {{smallcaps|a.d}}. 787 (Saxon Chron.); the first in Ireland in 795. In 794 and 798 the island of Britain was ravaged by them; and in 802 and 806 Hy was plundered by them; and these appear to have been the earliest ecclesiastical spoliations. Hence we may pronounce a Danish or Norse descent on Ross in 721 to be a fable. </small>

We can easily suppose this story of S. Malrubha's martyrdom by the
Danes to have been invented, or borrowed from some later ecclesiastic's
history, but it is not so easy to account for the discrepancy regarding
the saint's festival in Ireland, April 21, in Scotland August 27. The
best solution seems to be afforded by the partial coincidence in sound of
the name Mal-''rubius'' with ''Rufus''. St Ruphus or Rufus, of Capua, was a
follower of St Apollinaris, an alleged disciple of St Peter. His day in
the Roman Calendar is August 27th; and he is thence transferred into
the Irish and Scottish Calendars. Marian Gorman has ''Ruffus'' at this
day, and the Feilire of Ængus devotes a quatrain to him:

::::<span class="insular">Drong in mrtir glnbi </span><br>
::::<span class="insular">Ruphin cin combinde </span><br>
::::<span class="insular">Co rig nel noem ndoe </span><br>
::::<span class="insular">Luid tre roe rinde. </span><br>

::::ʻThe party of that pure martyr, <br>
::::Ruphin the gentle and sweet: <br>
::::To the king of the limitless clouds <br>
::::He went through a field of spears.ʼ <br>

The Scottish calendar in like manner notices him together with Maelrubha,
and inserts his lessons in the body of the other saint's. Therefore
it is possible that the early compilers of the Scottish calendar, finding
''Ruphus'' fixed through Christendom to this day, grafted on the name the
memory of Mael-''Rubha'': and in support of this hypothesis, it may be
mentioned that an island off Applecross, now called Croulin Beg, was
formerly styled ''St Ruphus's Island'', and that in a native authority our
saint is called “St Rice or Rufus.”<sup>1</sup> In the case of three or four other
churches,<sup>2</sup> the patron St Rufus seems to be none other than our Maelrubha.
Or, it may be that the observance of the festival of the ''Translation'',{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/270/mode/1up 270]}}

<small>
# Collectanea de Rebus Albanicis, p. 304.
# See the list of churches ''ifra'', under Harris, Keith, Crail. Rafford, in Elgin, was anciently ''Ecclesia de Ruffus'',-0ld Stat. Ac. xvi. 338.
</small>

or of some such ceremony, instead of the ''dies natalis'', as has occasionally
happened, may in this case have given rise to the different
usages of the two sister churches. Indeed the gloss on the Feilire of
Ængus already cited, seems to imply another commemoration, when at
the 21st of April it significantly observes, “this is the festival of his
death.” Even Dempster wavers between July 27 and August 27.

One point more deserves to be noticed before I treat in detail of the
churches where St Maelrubha is venerated, namely, the endless variety
under which his name is presented, both simply and in combination.

Preserving the radical letters, we find it in the forms—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Mulruby, <br>
Mulrew,
{{col-break}}
Malruf, <br>
Malrew,
{{col-break}}
Malrou, <br>
Mulruy,
{{col-break}}
Molroy, <br>
Melriga.
{{col-end}}
Dropping the ''l'' from ''maol'', we observe it contracting into—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Marow, <br>
Morew,
{{col-break}}
Marrow, <br>
Morow,
{{col-break}}
Maro, <br>
Murruy,
{{col-break}}
Maroy, <br>
Mareve,
{{col-end}}
And by a further process becoming—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Măree,
{{col-break}}
Mărie,
{{col-break}}
Măry,
{{col-break}}
Mury,
{{col-end}}
which is the prevalent pronunciation of the name in Rosshire and
Argyle, and in speaking is sufficiently distinct from Māry the female
name, though on paper it is apt to be confounded with it, and has in
many instances caused the patronage of ancient churches under Celtic
foundation to be transferred to the Virgin Mary<sup>1</sup> instead of St Maelrubha,
thereby assigning her a distinction which was very sparingly, if
ever, accorded to her in the early Scotic Church, whose favourite practice
was to adopt the founder's name, and limit the honour to native merit.

Again, another process drops the initial letter of the names in composition, and thus we get—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Arrow,
{{col-break}}
Erew,
{{col-break}}
Errew,
{{col-break}}
Olrou.
{{col-end}}
A further retrenchment discards the first element of the compound
name, which gives us—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Rice,
{{col-break}}
Ro,
{{col-break}}
Row,
{{col-break}}
Ru,
{{col-break}}
Rufus,
{{col-break}}
Ruvius,{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/271/mode/1up 271]}}
{{col-end}}

<small>
# An accomplished Irish antiquary, Charles Haliday, Esq., states that in no case was there an ancient Irish dedication to the Virgin Mary—St Brigid being the female of highest honour; but that the Danes discarded her, adopting Mary instead, and even changing some existing churches to her invocation. A favourite title for St Brigid was “the Mary of the Irish.” See Dr Todd's “Liber Hymnorum,” part i. p. 64.
</small>

And, to crown all, by an inverse process, the natives on the east side of
Scotland, less inclined to hurry off the honoured sound, combine both
name and title, running ''Saint Malrubhe'' into the euphonistic form of
''Summereve'', and this again diverging into the local varieties of—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Summaruff, <br>
Samarvis,
{{col-break}}
Samarive, <br>
Samervis,
{{col-break}}
Samarevis, <br>
Smarevis,
{{col-break}}
Samerivis, <br>
Smarivis.
{{col-end}}

<center>{{smallcaps|Chapter II.—Local Commemorations}}. </center>

<center>{{smallcaps|i. applecross.}}</center>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">porcrosn</span> [Tigh. 673; </div>
<div style="padding-left:150px;">iv. Mast. 671, 797]</div>
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">porcrossn</span> [Tigh. 722; </div>
<div style="padding-left:150px;">An. Ult. 672] </div>
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">puor crosn</span> [Ib. 737] </div>
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">purcrosn</span> [An. Ult. 801; </div>
<div style="padding-left:150px;">iv. Mast. 721]</div>
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">purcrosson</span> [An. Ult. 721] </div>
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">Crosn</span> [An. Ult. 736] </div>
{{col-break}}
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">bur Chresen</span> [Gloss. Feilire] </div>
<div><span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">purcrossn</span> [Mar. Gorm.; </div>
<div style="padding-left:150px;">Cal. Doneg. 21 Apr.] </div>
<div>Appilcroce [Brev. Aberd.] </div>
<div>Appillcroce [Ibid.] </div>
<div>Appilhors [Mart. Aberd.] </div>
<div>Apilcroce [Reg. Sec. Sig. </div>
<div style="padding-left:150px;">1540, 1583] </div>
<div>Abilcors [Ib. 1548, 1549] </div>
<div>Apelcroce [Retour, 1662] </div>
<div>Apilgirth [MS. 1640]<ref name="Map images 2022 f209">{{cite map |author = |title = [A map of Scotland, north of Loch Linnhe and the River Dee and west of the River Deveron] |date = c. 1640 |url = https://maps.nls.uk/view/00000185#zoom=7&lat=2653&lon=753&layers=BT|scale = |series = |publisher = |cartography = Robert Gordon|location = |id =Adv.MS.70.2.10 (Gordon 3) |via=[[National Library of Scotland]]|access-date = 21 Feb 2024}}</ref></div>
{{col-end}}

This name in its original form, as supplied by early Irish records, is
manifestly compounded of ''Apur'' or ''Apor'',<sup>1</sup> the old form of the British
''Aber'', which signifies “the mouth of a river;” and ''Crossan'' the name of
the stream which flows into the bay a little west of the church. This old
name of the river is locally forgotten, and, instead of it, they use the
borrowed designation ''Abhuin Mareee, i.e.'' “Maree's River,” or the ''Applecross''{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/272/mode/1up 272]}}

<small>
# This word is unknown in Ireland, and does not exist among the Irish branch of the Celtic race. ''Inver'' is the term commonly employed in Ireland, as it is on the west side of Scotland. ''Aber'' prevails on the east side. The existence of an ''Aber'' in the eighth century, on the west side of Ross-shire, indicates a Pictish occupation of the district previously to that time. See Adamnan's account of the Pict who was ferried over to Skye to be baptized by St Columba. Vit. i. 88 (p. 62, ed. Reeves).
</small>

''River'', as it is marked on the county maps. In all the Irish authorities
which notice the place, the word is found in its correct form; but
in all existing Scottish records, and in the language of the Gaelic-speaking
natives, it is called Appilcross or Applecross. We have no means of
ascertaining at what period the ''apur'' passed into ''apil'', and ''crossan'' into
''cross'', but the change probably arose from a tendency to facilitate the
utterance of the compound.

In the modern etymology of the name, we have a striking example of
the literary loss which a country sustains in the destruction of her primitive
records, and of the childish extravagance into which even men of
sense and education may run, when they have no other guide in etymology
than untutored conjecture. “Applecross,” says the Rev. John
M'Queen, a clergyman who knew Gaelic as well as English, “is a fanciful
designation assumed by one of the proprietors of that part of the parish,
from which it derives its name. In commemoration of this, five apple
trees were planted cross-ways, and have since, in form, been perpetuated
by his successors.”<sup>1</sup> This was written in or before the year 1792; but
the derivation seemed too good to be abandoned, and so late as 1836,
the Rev. Roderick M'Rae, impressed with the same idea, states that “the
modern name Applecross was given to the parish by the gentleman who
was proprietor of the ''Comaraiek'' estate, at the time of the erection: in
commemoration of which event, five apple trees had been planted crossways
in the proprietor's garden.”<sup>2</sup>

When the writer of the present paper visited Applecross, in 1854, he
was informed by the then minister that the cross trees which yielded
the name were ''chesnut'' instead of ''apple !'' A communication lately
received from the spot suggests a solution by supposing '' a cross of trees
with a crab-apple in the centre.” Another and more ecclesiastical
version of the etymology is, that every apple which grew in the monks'
garden was marked with the sign of the cross.'

Nay, the tendency which exists in the Celtic mind for quasi and fanciful
etymologies will not allow even the common Gaelic designation of the
sanctuary-land to escape. The Breviary of Aberdeen states, that the{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/273/mode/1up 273]}}

<small>
# Old Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. iii. p. 869.
# New Statistical Account of Scotland, vol. xi7. (Ross-shire), p. 100.
# Anderson's Guide Book, p. 481.
</small>

privileged territory of this church extended six miles from it in all
directions. This tract was vernacularly called ''Comrich'' or ''Comaraigh'',
which is equivalent to ''Girth'' or ''Sanctuary'',<sup>1</sup> and is rightly interpreted by
the contributors to both Statistical Accounts. Yet local etymology suggests ''Comchris'', “a belly-belt,” because the man who first landed pulled
off his bellyband, and flung it before him on the shore, crying out, ''Mo''
''chomchris ort'', “My belly-belt upon you.” The place where he landed is
still marked by four trees on the side of the bay, about a hundred yards
south of the well!

====<center style="font-family:"IM Fell DW Pica";font-size:16.1px;font-style:italic;">''Abbots and Ministers.''</center>====

[[Máel Ruba|Maelrubha]] the founder, of whom we have already treated, was succeeded
in [[St. Maelrubha's monastery at Aporcrosan|Apurcrossan]] by Failbhe, son of Gruaire, who perished at sea in 737, as
is thus recorded by the annalist Tighernach:—''Failbe mac Guaire,'' ''
''Maeleirebai eiris'' [rectè ''Maelertihai Heres''], i. e. ''Apuorcrosain, in profundo ''
''pelagi dimersus est cum suis nautis numero xxii''.<sup>2</sup><ref name="Tigernach T737.2" /> Or, as the Annals of
Ulster, at 736, ''Faelbe filius Guaire Maelrubii, heres Crosain, in profundo''
''pelagi dimersus est cum suis nautis numero xxii''.<sup>3</sup><ref name="Annals of Ulster U737.2" /> Or, as the Four Masters,
at 732: <span class="insular">Filḃe mc Ᵹuipe coṁrb Moileruḃ do ḃꞇ̇d go bfoirinn  luinge amaille fris. Dias ar fiċit allion.</span> “Failbhe, son of
Guaire, successor of Maelrubha, was drowned, and the crew of his ship
together with him. Two and twenty their number.”<sup>4</sup><ref name="Masters M732.5" /> These twenty-two
were probably brethren of the community of Applecross, who, like
the congregation of Hy, were trained to a seafaring as well as agricultural life.

In the course of the same century, a member of the family of Apurcrossan
became abbot of Bangor in the Ards of Ulster, the institution of
which, as has been already observed, St Maelrubha had originally been a
member. His obit is thus recorded by the Annals of Ulster, {{smallcaps|a.g.}} 801:
''Mac Oigi Apuirchrosan ab Benchair feliciter vitam in pace finivit'',<sup>5</sup><ref name="Annals of Ulster U802.5" /> Of
this MacOigi we hear nothing further; but the writer of this paper is{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/274/mode/1up 274]}}

<small>
# Styled ''Refugium lie Girth'', in Append., No. viii., ''infra''.
# O'Conor, Rer. Hib. Script., vol. ii. p. 241.
# ''Ibid'', vol. iv. p. 86.
# Vol. i. p. 829 (ed. O'Donovan). ''Vid''. Colgani Acta Sanctor., p. 576 <span class="insular" style="text-weight:bold;">g</span>, n. 8. See Reeves's Columba, p. 885.
# O'Conor, Rer. Hib. SS., vol. iv. p. 198. So the Four Masters at 797.
</small>

strongly of opinion that he is the individual familiarly known at Applecross
as Ruaidhri mor MacCaoigan, whose tombstone the slab bearing
the incised cross (certainly the monument of an ecclesiastic) is said to be.
MacCaoigan may, without any straining, be traced to MacOigi, the last
letter of the ''mac'' being attracted to the following vowel.<sup>1</sup>

This is the last reference to the place in the Irish Annals, and, it may
be said, in all existing records, until it makes its appearance as “ane
commoun kirk of the bischoprik of Ros.”<sup>2</sup><ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 7 p. 39" />{{NoteTag|Reeves makes a very important statement here. The last reference to Maelrubha's monastery was made in the Irish Annals in the year 801. We do not have surviving records from the monastery itself. For over 700 years, there is no mention of Maelrubha's monastery.

He quotes here ''[[Origines parochiales Scotiae (vol. 2)|Origines parochiales Scotiae]]'' which states, “In 1574 Murquho or Murdoch Johnnestoun was reader at Apilcroce, and in 1575 he was presented by King James VI. to the parsonage and vicarage of Apilcroce, 'being ane commoun kirk of the bischoprik of Ros.'”{{sfn|Innes|1854|p=[https://archive.org/details/originesparoc97a02unknuoft/page/403/mode/1up 403]}}

It's interesting that Reeves says that this is its next appearance. Reeves himself includes in this paper [[#appendix|transcriptions]] of several “Presentations to the church of Applecross copied from the [[The Register of the Privy Seal]].”

The earliest, dated November 23, 1515, mentions the two chaplaincies lying and founded below the parish church of Abilcros under the diocese of Ross.<ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 1 p. 409" />

The next, dated May 28, 1539, pertains to “the chaplaincy of the chapel of Saint Mulrubi in Apilcors”, indicating that Maelrubha's association with the area was still known in the 16th century.<ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 2 p. 450" />

Reeves's point still stands, though. There is no mention in the records of Maelrubha or a church or monastery at Applecross for over 700 years. When it does appear again, it is, as he points out, a common kirk in the bishopric of Ross.

All of the statements Reeves proceeds to make regarding an O'Beollan family that inherited and cared for the monastery after Maelrubha's time are, therefore, complete speculation, pieced together from very few tidbits found in documents produced many centuries after the lifetimes of the people concerned.}} There exists, indeed, a vivid
tradition of an individual styled the ''Red Priest of Applecross'', who is said
to have conveyed to his daughter the rich estates with which this church
was endowed,<ref name="Old Stat Acc vol. 3 p. 379" /> and which, down to his time, had been enjoyed by his predecessors in office.<sup>3</sup>{{NoteTag|This idea of a "[[#tradition|vivid tradition]]" appears to have come from stories told to Reeves by the minister of Lochcarron. Reeves references here, though, the ''[[Source:Old Statistical Accounts (Applecross)|Old Statistical Accounts of Scotland]]'' published in 1792. It says that, in the parish of Applecross, "Close by the parish church, are the remains of an old religious house, where the standard and soles of crucifixes are still to be seen. It was richly endowed with landed property, which tradition relates to have been conveyed, by the last Popish missionary, in the place known by the designation of the ''Red Priest of Applecross'', to his daughter."{{sfn|McQueen|1792|p=[https://archive.org/details/b21365799_003/page/379/mode/1up 379]}} He appears to take directly from the ''Old Statistical Account'' this idea that a ''Red Priest of Applecross'' was the last in a long line of caretakers.<br><br>

Reeves translates the name Maelrubha to ''Mael'' “a servant” and Rubha “patience” or “promontory”. What he seems to be missing, though, is that Maelrubha also came to be known in some contexts as Sagart Ruadh or ''Red Priest''.{{sfn|Scott|1909|p=[https://archive.org/details/scottishhistoric06edinuoft/page/260/mode/1up 260]}}<ref name="Pictish Trail">{{cite web | title=The Red Priest’s Stone | website=Highland Pictish Trail | date=13 Oct 2021 | url=https://highlandpictishtrail.co.uk/project/red-priests-stone/ | access-date=11 Nov 2023}}</ref> Therefore, this same passage can also be read as the last Popish missionary who lived in the place known by the designation of the ''Red Priest of Applecross'', or Máel Ruba's monastery at Applecross, conveyed the richly endowed lands of the old religious house to his daughter.}}

It would seem that the office of ''herenach'', or hereditary farmer of
abbey-lands, which was originally, both in Ireland and Scotland, of a
clerico-secular character, was, in the case of this church, early vested in
the family of O'Beollan.<sup>4</sup>{{NoteTag|In the footnote here, Reeves mentions the [[Irish Ó Beólláin]] family who were herenachs of St Columba's church of Drumcliff, near Sligo.{{sfn|Adomnán|1857|p=[https://archive.org/details/lifestcolumbafo00reevgoog/page/400/mode/1up 400]}}<ref>{{cite web | last=Woulfe | first=Patrick | title=Ó Beólláin | website=Irish Names and Surnames | date=1923 | url=https://www.libraryireland.com/names/ob/o-beollain.php | access-date=9 Nov 2023}}</ref> Comgall, who was an uncle or grand-uncle of Maelrubha, was an associate, or possibly disciple, of Columba.{{sfn|Archer|1887|loc=[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/s:Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Comgall Comgall]}}<br><br>

Reeves finds in a 17th century manuscript a Patrick Obeolan, surnamed the Red. The manuscript states that, “This surname Obeolan was the surnames of the Earls of Ross, till Farquar, born in Ross, was created earl by King Alexander, and so carried the name of Ross since, as best answering the English tongue. This Obeolan had its descent of the ancient tribe of the Manapii; of this tribe is also St Rice or Rufus.”<ref name="Collectanea p. 304" /> <br><br>

Reeves takes this St Rice or Rufus to be Maelrubha and Patrick Obeolan to be the Red Priest of Applecross, which allows him to make the leap that this Scottish surname Obeolan is of the same family as the Irish Ó Beólláins. The similarity of these two names was the extent of the evidence he had to conclude that Irish Ó Beólláin family of St Columba's church were the ancestors of a hereditary family of Maelrubha's monastery.}} They were of Irish extraction, and of the
same stock as St Maelrubha, the founder, although their exact descent
is forgotten. In the present instance, as in the richly-endowed churches
of Dull and Glendochart in Scotland,<sup>5</sup> and of Armagh and Bangor in
Ireland, the secular functions of the herenach in process of time gained
upon the clerical; and the transmission of the estates, which was originally
by election in the founder's kin at large, became limited in direct
succession, marriage on the part of the tenants being both allowed and
practised. In this manner the church-lands of Applecross became an
heirloom in one family, which family, namely O'Beollain, furnished the
recipient of the first-created earldom of Ross.{{NoteTag|Here Reeves becomes the first to directly claim a connection between {{Fearchar}}, Earl of Ross, and the monastery at Applecross. The validity of this statement hinges entirely on Reeves's assumption that the Red Priest of Applecross was the same man as Patrick Obeolan, surnamed the Red, of the [[Source:Collectanea (Fragment)|Macdonald manuscript]]. The evidence discussed by Reeves's in the remainder of this section does not bear out this conclusion. See ''[[#Discussion|Disscussion]]''.}} The legendary history of
the MacDonalds, published by the [[Iona Club]], states that “this surname
Obeolan was the surname of the Earls of Ross, till Farquhar, born in{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/275/mode/1up 275]}}

<small>
# Thus in Ireland, Mac Artain becomes ''Mac Carton''; Mao Aengusa, ''Mac Gennis''; Loch Oirbsen, ''Loch Corrib''.
# Orig. Par. Scot., vol. ii. p. 403.
# Old Stat. Account, vol. iii. p. 379.
# In Ireland, the [[Irish Ó Beólláin|O'Beollans]] were herenachs of St Columba's church of Drumcliff, near Sligo. (See Reeves's Columba, pp. 279, 400.)
# See Mr C. Innes's Preface to the Black Book of Taymouth, p. 84; Mr J. Robertson's admirable researches in the Miscellany of the Spalding Club, vol. v. pp. 60, 74 New Stat. Ac, x. p. 765.
</small>

Ross, was created earl by King Alexander, and so carried the name of
Ross since, as best answering the English tongue. This Obeolan had
his descent from the ancient tribe of the Menapii;{{NoteTag|The [[Source:Collectanea (Fragment)|original manuscript]] uses the word [[Manapii]]. The Manapii were an Irish tribe thought, potentially, to be descended from the [[w:Belgae|Belgic]] [[w:Menapii|Menapii]].}} of this tribe is also
St Rice or Rufus.”<sup>1</sup><ref name="Collectanea p. 304" />{{NoteTag|Here Reeves references directly the [[Source:Collectanea (Fragment)|Macdonald manuscript]] written in the 1660s, but first published in 1847 by the [[Iona Club]]. It is clear that Reeves used this statement about St. Rufus, another name for Maelrubha, to draw a connection between the Red Priest of Applecross and the other Obeolan mentioned in this manuscript, Patrick the Red.<br><br>

What Reeves fails to mention, though, is that the next sentence in this manuscript is, “Patrick was an abbot, and had Carlebay in the Lewis, and the church lands in that country, with 18 merks lands in Lochbroom.”<ref name="Collectanea p. 304" /> This, in no way, connects Patrick the Red with Applecross. In his analysis of the [[1467 manuscript]], [[Ronald and Máire Black|Ronald Black]] concludes that Patrick the Red was probably abbot of Bragar, on the west coast of Lewis, seven miles from Carloway, or Carlebay.{{sfn|Black Nov 2019|pp=[https://www.1467manuscript.co.uk/GreenAbbottBlack%20BLACKforWEB.pdf#page=16 16-23]}}<br><br>

There is also the question of this surname Obeolan. The earls lived in a time before surnames were formalized. [[Timeline of the Earls of Ross|Documents of their day]], circa 1225 to 1372, refer to the Earls of Ross by their title, not a surname. A [[Ane Brieve Cronicle of the Earlis of Ross (manuscript)|manuscript]] found in the Ross seat, [[Balnagown Castle]], thought to be written before 1615, says, "Of this Farquhar descended five earls, being Ross of surname."{{sfn|Baillie|1850|p=[https://archive.org/details/anebrevecronicle1850ross/page/2/mode/1up 2]}}

The first suggestion that their surname would be other than Ross came in 1630, when historian Sir Robert Gordon wrote, “the Earles of Rosse wer first of the surname of Builton.”{{sfn|Gordon|Gordon|1813|p=[https://archive.org/details/genealogicalhist00gord/page/36/mode/1up 36]}}

So, why was a [[Hugh Macdonald, the Sleat historian|Macdonald historian]] writing in the 1660s that “Obeolan was the surnames of the Earls of Ross, till Farquar, born in Ross, was created earl by King Alexander, and so carried the name of Ross since.” What was his source for this information?}}

In the early part of the thirteenth century, a member of this family,
commonly known by the epithet ''[[Fearchar, Earl of Ross|Mackentagairt]]''—that is, ''Mac-an-tsagairt'',
“son of the priest”{{NoteTag|Alexander Grant points out "son of the priest", not "son of the abbot".}}—distinguished himself by his military exploits, as is
recorded in the Chronicle of Melrose, at the year 1215:—“Intraverunt in
Moreuiam hostes domini Begis Scotie, scilicet, Dovenaldus Ban filius
MacwiUelmi, et Kennauch mac Art, et filius oujusdam Begis Hibemie,
cum turba malignantium copiosa; in quos irruens ''Machentagar'' hostes
regis valide prostravit, quorum capita detruncavit, et novo Begi nova
munera prsesentavit, xvij. Kal. Julii, propter quod dompnus Rex novum
militem ipsum ordinavit.”<sup>2</sup><ref name="Early sources vol. 2 p. 404" /> In 1235, in a battle between the King of
Scots and Galwegians, the same warrior rendered essential service to the
sovereign: “In principio autem certaminis supervenit Comes Rosensis,
nomine Mackinsagart, et hostes a tergo invadebat.”<sup>3</sup><ref name="Early sources vol. 2 p. 496" /> This individual
was probably Ferchar O'Beollan, son of the abbot of Applecross, whose
lordship was afterwards known as “''Ergadia Borealis'' (i.e., Northern
Argyle) que est Comitis de Ross.”

The Red Priest was Gilla Patrick O'Beollan,<sup>4</sup>{{NoteTag|This is the statement made by Reeves that most needs to be examined. His entire theory is based on this assumption. See ''[[#Discussion|Discussion]].}} whose daughter was
married or handfasted to Alexander, Lord of the Isles of Lochalsh, and
was mother of Celestine de Insulis,{{NoteTag|Authorities do not agree that the daughter of Patrick the Red was mother of Celestine.}} in whose charter of 1467 these lands
are included.{{NoteTag|Only one [[Source:NLS, MS. 2131 f.71|charter]] is located pertaining to Celestine de Insulis and dated 1467.{{sfn|Munro|Munro|1986|pp=[https://digital.nls.uk/scottish-history-society-publications/browse/archive/126625683#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=233&xywh=-512%2C107%2C2707%2C2615 141-142]}} This document does not include the lands of Applecross.}} In MacVurrich's Gaelic manuscript he is styled
''Giolapadruig Ruaidh'', son of Rury, son of the Green Abbot, son of the Earl
of Ross; the original words being—''Chlann eile ag Alasdair iodhon tutsudion''
''inghean Ghille Phadrig Ruaidh mic Raighre mic an Aba Uaine ''
''mhic Iarla Rois do na Rosachadh a shloinneadh'':<sup>5</sup> “Alister had other
children, the offspring of the daughter of Gillapatrick Roe, son of Rury,{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/276/mode/1up 276]}}

<small>
# Collectanea de Rebus Albanicis, p. 304.
# Chronica de Mailros, p. 117.
# lb. p. 145. So Fordun, Scotichron., ix. 49 (vol. ii. p. 61).
# There is also a tradition of a ''Red Priest'' at Durness and Farr, in Sutherland. See Orig. Par. Scot., vol. ii. part 2, pp. 702, 703, 708.
# For this extract, as well as for the first suggestions regarding the O'Beollans, I am indebted to my learned and ingenious friend, W. F. Skene, Esq.
</small>

son of the Green Abbot, son of the Earl of Ross, whose surname was
''of the Rosses''.<ref name="Book of Clanranald pp. 212-213" />{{sfn|Black Nov 2019|pp=[https://www.1467manuscript.co.uk/GreenAbbottBlack%20BLACKforWEB.pdf#page=1 1-2]}}{{NoteTag|This connection between Patrick the Red and an Earl of Ross does not align with the genealogy of the Green Abbot found in the [[1467 manuscript]]. Although, this is a moot point since there is no connection between this Patrick the Red and the monastery at Applecross.}}

<center>Iarla Rois<br>
{{!}}<br>
Abb Uaine<br>
{{!}}<br>
Ruaidri<br>
{{!}}<br>
Giollapadraig Ruaid.</center>

<span id="tradition"></span>The story of the Red Priest, as now current in the neighbourhood, is
mixed up with a good deal that is apocryphal. As related to the writer by
his venerated friend the minister of Lochcarron, it is to the following
effect:—The Sagart Ruadh, or Red Priest, was married, and had by his
wife an only child, a female, who was early betrothed to a son of the
laird of Coul. The Priest is supposed to have been a MacDonald. The
girl in process of time grew to maturity, when several neighbouring lairds
strove to win her affections. Among others, Mackenzie of Gairloch, who
attempted abduction, but paid dearly for his desperate experiment. He
came by sea with a band of daring men, whom he landed on the shore
below the manse; and while he remained with a single companion in the
boat, they proceeded under cover of night to execute his orders. It would
seem that the Red Priest had previously obtained some secret information
of their intentions, and was prepared for their reception. So he invited
them into his house, and received them with seeming hospitality; but, in
the middle of the entertainment, a body of men who were lying in wait,
upon a given signal, rushed in and slew all the guests. From the banquet-room
they hastened to the shore, and there finding the laird, with
his attendant, they put them, in like manner, to death. All their bodies
were buried in Applecross churchyard. After this catastrophe a MacDonald
paid his addresses to the damsel, and was accepted, which so
exasperated the Mackenzies of Coul, that they came, demanded the lady
for their chief, and succeeded in scattering the MacDonnells, on whose
withdrawal the lady was surrendered to them, and with her the lands of
Applecross.<sup>1</sup> Thus, as the story goes, these lands came into the family
of Mackenzie,{{NoteTag|On April 22, 1569, in [[The Register of the Privy Seal]], we find the Charter of Confirmation on the charter of fief made by Mr. William Stewart, chaplain of Apilcroce, of half the lands of Bounadell half the lands of Longoll and Athechork half the lands of Kippeche half the lands of Satrell and Drumloy half the lands of Corlmvir half the lands of Corchirie half the lands of Coulnakill half the lands of Ardestaig half the lands of Scheildaig half the lands of Dybege half the lands of Rischill half the lands of Lestang, lying in the county of Ross and the vicecounty of Inverness to [[Roderick Mackenzie, 2nd of Davochmaluag]], grandfather of [[Alexander Mackenzie of Applecross and Coul ( -1650)|Alexander Mackenzie of Applecross and Coul]].<ref name="Proceedings v. 3 pp. 284-285" /> Innes, in ''[[Origines parochiales (vol. 2)|Origines parochiales]]'', calls these lands the chapel lands of Apilcroce.{{sfn|Innes|1854|p=[https://archive.org/details/originesparoc97a02unknuoft/page/393/mode/1up 393]}}}} with whom they remained till the other day, when, by the{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/277/mode/1up 277]}}

<small>
# In 1662 John M'Keanzie of Aplecroce was served heir male to his grandfather, Alexander M'Keanzie of Coull, in the lands of Aplecroce.<ref name="Retours vol. 2 R & C 117" /> (Orig. Par., ii. p. 404.)
</small>

gentle process of legal transfer, they became the property of his Grace
the Duke of Leeds.

Another version of the story is: The Red Priest was a MacDonald,
and the last of that family who was proprietor of these lands. He was
married to one of the MacKenzies of Ross-shire, by whom he had a son
called Duncan, the object of his mother's aversion. The Priest was in
the habit of officiating at Gairloch. On one occasion, while there, his
wife sent secret emissaries to incite the Gairloch people to kill him.
This they refused to do while he was on their ground; but while accompanying
him homewards across the Tourbuoy, between Torridon{{sfn|Watson|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/placenamesofross00watsuoft/page/210/mode/1up 210]}} and
Gairloch,{{sfn|Watson|1904|p=[https://archive.org/details/placenamesofross00watsuoft/page/220/mode/1up 220]}} three of them followed him, under the semblance of friendship,
farther than the rest, and, while parting with him at a bog on the top of
Tourbuoy, as he turned his back to cross a pool, they stabbed him, and
the wound being mortal, he expired on the spot. The bog is still called
''Feith-an-tshagairt'', or “the Priest's Bog.” It is not known where he is
buried. His son had children whose descendants are said to be still on
the property. By means of this murder the MacRuries obtained possession
of the estate. But the papers fell into the hands of the Mackenzies,
who excluded Duncan, and eventually established themselves
in possession of the lands. The Red Priest also officiated in a cave in
this parish, at a place called ''Fearn-na-mor''. The sitting-stones are still
in the cave, which is called ''Ob-na-nughach''. The reputed descendants of
the Priest live at Torridon, and they are locally regarded as the rightful
owners of the property. Their burying-ground is pointed out in the
churchyard of Applecross, in a spot which was outside the west end of
the old church.

But to return to St Maelrubha: the local tradition concerning him is,
that he came to Applecross from Iona, and made this the principal
place of his abode during the remainder of his life. He preached in
various parts of the parish; and the spots called ''Suidhe Maree'' and
''Loch Maree''<sup>1</sup> are commemorative of his visits. Sometimes he crossed over to
Skye, and at Ashaig, between Eyleakin and Broadford, he founded a
church. He also frequented the island in Loch Maree which bears his
name. He died at Ferintosh, when in the discharge of his sacred calling.
Before he expired, he gave directions that four men should be sent{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/278/mode/1up 278]}}

<small>
# For their situation, see further on.
</small>

for to Applecross, who should convey his body thither. But the Ferintosh
people neglected to fulfil his dying injunctions, for they wished to
retain his remains in their own churchyard. But when his body was
placed on rests outside the chamber where he died, in order to its being
carried to burial, the united efforts of the assembled people were insufficient
for its removal. Perceiving that some unseen agency operated
against them, they sent for four Applecross men, who lifted the coffin at
once, and carried it with such ease that they rested only twice upon the
road—first at Kennlochewe, at a place called ''Suidhe'', and secondly at
''Bealach an tsuidhe'', between Shieldag and Applecross. On reaching his
last home he was solemnly interred in the churchyard, and the spot
which is supposed to be his grave is marked by a little hillock, called
''Claodh Maree''. His tombstone, it is said, was sent from Norway by the
king's daughter, and its material was red granite. Some fragments of
it are lying about the churchyard. It was broken when the present
manse was a-building, and, with the debris of the old ruins, was carted
away for the walls of the dwelling-house. But in the midst of the proceeding
the work was suspended, in consequence of a dream which the
master-mason had, wherein he was warned not to touch ''that'' stone. Soon
after he was thrown from the scaffolding, and his skull fractured on the
selfsame object of his impiety and dream.

It is believed that a man who takes about his person a little earth
from this churchyard may travel the world round, and that he will safely
return to the neighbouring bay; also, that no one can commit suicide,
or otherwise injure himself, when within view of this spot.

<center>''Existing Remains. ''</center>
Near to the bay, a little north of the place where the stream, locally
known as the ''Amhain Maree'', or Maelrubha's River, falls into the sea,
is the spacious churchyard, which is entered from the south-west, near
the Applecross Manse. The first object which attracts attention is the
upright slab which stands on the sward, facing to the south, and
bearing the figure of a collared cross, which is clear on the top, and
left arm, but lower down is merely incised in outline.<sup>1</sup> It is 9{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/279/mode/1up 279]}}

<small>
# To this Mr Muir refers in the following passage: “Ross-shire is knowm to contain, among many [crosses] of ordinary merit, some very fine specimens; but the only one I have seen is that called the ''Clach Mhor Mac-Cuagan'', in the burying-ground at Applecross. It is a very poor example, 9 feet 4 inches in height, exhibiting a wheel-cross deeply incised on the south face, with its summit above the arms cut out free.” Ecclesiological Notes, &c. (Edinb. 1855), p. 82.
</small>

feet 3 inches high, 2 feet 10 inches broad, and 2¾ inches thick. It is
locally called Cloch Ruairidh MacCaoigen, and it is said that it formerly
stood near the mouth of the river, and marked the grave of an
ancient chief, called Buairidh Mor MacCaoigen, who had been proprietor
of Applecross. Concerning this name and its bearer, the writer
has already expressed his opinion.<sup>1</sup>

South of this, at the opposite side of the road, is a nearly circular
space, about ten yards in diameter, enclosed by a low embankment of
the same form. This is the vestige of some ancient appendage of St
Maelrubha's primitive establishment, although its use is now unknown.
It is said to contain human remains; but no one has been buried within
the precincts in the memory of man. It is at present considered the
special property of the ''gentry'' of the place; and so strong is the disinclination
to disturb the invisible owners, that many of the neighbours
would rather face the enemy in the field than meddle with it.

Passing on, the parish church next presents itself. It was built in
1817, partly upon the site of an older church, which was condemned in
1788, but was standing in 1792, and described as “the skeleton of a parish
church, still the only edifice for public worship in the parish.” At the
west end of it, a little north-west of the west gable of the present church,
is a spot which is pointed out as the burial-place of the Red Priest's
family.

Proceeding eastwards past the church, the visitor reaches an old building,
which might be taken for a disused church, but that it stands north
and south. It is roofed and closed, and whatever might have been its
original purpose, it is now the vault of the Applecross family. This is the
building to which the writer in the Old Statistical Account refers, when he
says, “Close by the parish church are the remains of an old religious
house, where the standard and soles of crucifixes are still to be seen.”<sup>2</sup>{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/280/mode/1up 280]}}

<small>
# The local tradition concerning Ruaridh Mor MacCaoigen is, that he was slain in battle with the Danes, either in this bay or at Toscaig, where there is a bay called ''Lochan a Chath'', “Battle Bay.”
# Vol iii. p. 879.
</small>

The present door is in the north end, in which direction the building
formerly extended beyond its present limits.

At a short distance sonth of this is the little elevation called ''Claodh''
''Maree'', which is supposed to mark the founder's grave.

Beyond this is the eastern boundary of the churchyard, but in the
field outside, at a little distance on the north-east, is a mound which is
said to have been employed as an altar in ancient times.

Near the river, in the meadow below the church, are traces of embankments,
which are reputed to have subserved the abbot's mill, that formerly existed in this place.

Leaving the church, and proceeding about two miles in a south-easterly
direction, the visitor comes to a place called ''Suidhe Maree'', “Maelrubha's
seat,” which is said to have been a resting-place of the saint.

About two miles south-west of the church, near the shore, is a small
sheet of water, about a quarter of a mile long and fifty yards wide, called
''Loch Maree''.<sup>1</sup>

South of this, at the hamlet of Camusterrach, on the shore, is a “rude
monolith,” 8 feet 3 inches in height, showing traces of a cross on the
west face.<sup>2</sup>

South-east of this, in the interior, is a lake called ''Loch-an-Tagart'', or
“Priest's Loch.”

In the strath, about half a mile north-east of Applecross, is Hartfield,
known in Graelic as ''Caoill Mhourie''.

Off the shore, opposite Camusterrach, is an island now called Rugg's
Island, but marked on Thomson's Map ''I. na nuag'', or ''Saints' Isle''. It
contains one grave, but no other ecclesiastical traces.

Lower down, on the south-west, are three islands, now known as ''Croulin''
''Beg'', ''Croulin Meadhonach'', and ''Croulin Mor'' that is, Little, Middle,
and Great Croulin. The first of these, which is the most northern, is
marked on Thomson's Map ''St Rufus' Island'', a name now not locally
known, but justified by the ecclesiastical traces which remain on it. It
is about a mile in circumference, and possesses the remains of a church,{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/281/mode/1up 281]}}

<small>
# About a mile past the school-house. It is laid down on Thomson's Map, but the name is omitted.
# Muir's Ecclesiological Notes, p. 82.
# Kilvoury, Old Stat. Ac, vol. iii. p. 881.
</small>

a portion of the wall of which, about thirty feet long and a foot high, is
still to be seen. There is no cemetery discernible, but there is a green
patch below the site, which is supposed to have been a garden.

<span id="appendix"></span><center>APPENDIX. </center>

<center>The following Presentations to the church of Applecross are copied from the Register of Privy Seal, &c. :<sup>1</sup>—</center>

I. Presentacio domini Alexandri Makcloid directa Episcopo Rossensi
ad conferendum collacionem sibi domino Alexandre super duabus capellaniis
jacentibus et fundatis infra ecclesiam parochialem de Abilcros
infra diocesem Rossensem cum eas vacare contigerit per decessum aut
inhabilitatem domini Murdaci et domini Cristini capellanorum et nunc
possessorum earundem ad presentationem Begis per jus suum patronatus
ac collacionem dicti Episcopi pleno jure spectantibus, etc. Apud Edinburgh
xxiijº Novembris anno Domini et Begis predictis [anno Domini
etc., v<sup>c</sup>xv<sup>to</sup> et Regni Regis tercio.]
:Per signaturam manu domini Grubematoris subscriptam, etc<sup>2</sup><ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 1 p. 409" />

II. Presentacio domini Johannis Donaldsoune super capellania capelle
sancti Mulrubii in Apilcors infra diocesem Rossensem nunc vacante per
decessum quondam domini Alexandri M'clode, etc. Apud Sanctandris
xxviii Maii anno predicto [Anno Domini Mº v<sup>c</sup> xxxix.
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>3</sup><ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 2 p. 450" /></p>

III. Presentacio domini Johannis Donaldsoune super capellania capelle
Sancte Malrubei in Apilcroce infra diocesem Rossensem nunc
vacante per decessum quondam domini Christoferi Johnnesoune ultimi
possessoris ejusdem ad presentacionem domini Begis et collationem
Episcopi Rossensis spectante etc. Apud Sterling xx. Marcii anno prescripto
[Anno Domini j<sup>m</sup> vº xxxix.]
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>4</sup><ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 2 p. 514" />{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/282/mode/1up 282]}}</p>

<small>
# For these interesting records the writer is indebted to his friend Joseph Robertson, Esq.
# Reg. Sec. Sigill., vol. v. fol. 29. MS., General Register House, Edinburgh.
# Reg. Sec. Sig., vol. xiij. fol. 26.
# Ibid., vol. xiii. fol. 73.
</small>

IV. Ane lettre maid to Maister Johnne Cameroune and Schir Johnne
Donaldsonne chaplains thare airis and assignais ane or ma of the gift of
all gudis movable and unmovable quhilkis pertenyt sumtyme to Schir
Christe Johnesone chaplane and now pertennyng to our Souerane Lord
be resoon of eschete throw being of the said Schir Christe borne bastard
and deat bastard, etc. At Stirling the xxix. day of Marche the yer
forsaid [j<sup>m</sup> v<sup>c</sup> xlº].
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>1</sup><ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 2 p. 515" /></p>

V. Fresentacio magistri Johannis Camroune super capellania Sancti
Malrubii in Apilcroce infra dibcesem Rossensem cum eandem vacare contigerit
per resignacionem aut dimissionem domini Johannis Donaldsoune
ultimi capellani et possessoris ejusdem ad presentacionem domini Begis
et collacionem Episcopi Rossensis spectante, etc. Apud Edinburgh
penultimo Novembris anno predicto [Anno Domini j<sup>m</sup> v<sup>c</sup> xlº.]
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>2</sup><ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 2 p. 555" /></p>

VI. Presentacio domini Murdoci Johnesoune junioris capellani super
dimedia capellania de Apilcroce infra diocesem Rossensem cum eandem
vacare contigerit per resignacionem cessionem aut dimissionem domini
Murdoci Johnesoune senioris ad presentacionem domini Begis et collationem
Episcopi Rossensis, etc. Apud Falkland xiiij. die mensis Februarii Anno Domini j<sup>m</sup> v<sup>c</sup> xli<sub>o</sub>.
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>3</sup><ref name="Reg Sec Sig vol. 2 p. 681" /></p>

VII. Presentacio Murquhardi Jhonestoune junioris super capellania
sancti Mulrubij martyris de Abilcors fundata in ecclesia parochiali
Rossensi infra diocesem ejusdem nunc vacante aut quum eandem vacare
contigerit per resignacionem aut dimissionem domini Murquhardi Johnestoune
senioris nunc capellani et possessoris ejusdem ad presentacionem
Regine sede Rossensi vacante et collationem ordinariam vicariorum
generalium ejusdem spectante etc. Apud Edinburgh vii° Septembris
anno predicto [j<sup>m</sup> vº xlviij].
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>4</sup><ref name="Proceedings vol. 3 p. 283" /></p>

<small>
# Reg. Sec. Sig., vol. xiij. fol. 87.
# Ibid., vol. xiv. fol. 36.
# Ibid., vol. xv. fol. 84.
# Ibid., vol. xxii. fol. 38.
</small>

VIII. Presentacio domini Willielmi Monro capellani super capellania
do Apilcroce infra refugium lie Girth ejusdem et diocesem BoBseneem
situata nunc vacante per decessum quondam domini Joannis Donaldsone
ultimi capellani et possessoris ejusdem ad presentacionem domine
Begine pleno jure patronatus et collacionem ordinariam Episcopi Rossensis
spectante, etc. Apud Edinburgh xvij<sup>mo</sup> Octobris anno, etc., lxiº.
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>1</sup><ref name="Proceedings vol. 3 p. 284" /></p>

IX. Presentacio domini Johannis Donaldsoune super capellania sancti
Malrwbij martyris in Abilcors infra diocesem Rossensem nunc vacante
aut quum vacare contigerit per resignacionem cessionem seu demissionem
magistri Johannis Gamroune nunc capellani et possessoris ejusdem ad
presentacionem Begine pleno jure patronatus et collationem ordinariam
Yicarii G-eneralis Rossensis sede ejusdem vacante spectante, etc. Apud
Edinburgh xxviij. Maii Anno, etc., quadragesimo nono.
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>2</sup><ref name="Proceedings vol. 3 p. 284" /></p>

X. Preceptum Carte confirmationis super carta feudifirme facta per
dominum Willielmum Stewart capellanum de Apilcroce infra diocesem
Rossensem cum expressis consensu et assensu Johannis Episcopi Rossensis
ac Decani et Canonicorum cathedralis ecclesie Rossensis capitulariter
congregati Borio Makkangze et heredibus suis masculis de corpore
suo legitime procreatis seu procreandis Quibus deferentibus Eenzeocho
M<sup>c</sup>Kangze de Kintaill et heredibus suis masculis quibuscunque
anna et cognomen dicti Eauzeocht gerentibus eorumque assignatis quibuscunque
Omnium et singularum terrarum subscriptarum, viz. dimidietatis
terrarum de Bounadell dimidietatis terrarum de Longoll et Athechork
dimidietatis terrarum de Eippeche dimidietatis terrarum de Satrell
et Drumloy dimidietatis terrarum de Gorlmvir dimidietatis terrarum de
Corchirie dimidietatis terxarum de Coulnakill dimidietatis terrarum de
Ardestaig dimidietatis terrarum de Scheildaig dimidietatis terrarum de
Djbege dimidietatis terrarum de Bischill dimidietatis terrarum de Lestang
jacentium infra comitatum Rossensem et vicecomitatum de Inuerness
dicto domino Willielmo tanquam patrimonium et proprietatem dicte
capellanie spectantium Tenendum de dicto domino Willielmo et suis{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/284/mode/1up 284]}}

<small>
# Reg. Sec. Sig., vol. xxx. fol. 52, alr. 68.
# Ibid., vol. xxiii. fol. x.
</small>

successoribus apud Edenburght viceBimo secundo die mensis Aprilis
Anno Domini, etc., lxix.
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signetum.<sup>1</sup><ref name="Proceedings v. 3 pp. 284-285" /></p>

XI. Ane lettre maid makand mentioun That ane of the chaplanries of
Apilcroce liand in the diocie of Bos and schirefdome of Inuemes yaikig
be the deceis of unquhil Sir Williame Stewart last possessour thairof and
oure Souerane Lord being certefeit that Kenoch M<sup>c</sup>Kenze sone to maister
Alexander M<sup>c</sup>Kenze of Kilchrist is of conuenient aige to enter in the
studie of grammer and apt and disposit thairfoir As alsua hes promeist
to be subject to discipline and continew thairin Thairfoir gevand grantand
and disponand to the said Eenoche all and haill the said chaiplanrie of
Apilcroce for his sustentatioun at the sculis for the space of seavin yeiris
with power, etc. At Dalkeith the twentie day of Junii the yeir of God
j<sup>m</sup> v<sup>c</sup> lxxvi yeiris.
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>2</sup><ref name="Proceedings vol. 3 p. 285" /></p>

XII. Ane lettre maid to Patrik Dunbar sone to unquhile David Dun
bar of Penik makand mentioun that the chaiplanrie of Apilcroce lyand
in the dyocie of Ross and schirefdome of Inuirnes vaikis be outrunning
of the gift thairof grantit to Eenzeocht M<sup>c</sup>Kainzie sone to M<sup>r</sup> Alexander
M<sup>c</sup>Kainzie of Eilchrist And being certifeit that the said Patrik Dunbar
is of conveinient aige to enter in the studie of philosophie and apt and
disposit thairfore Thairfore gevand grantand and disponand vnto him
the said chaiplanrie of Apilcroce lyand as said is and that for the space
of seven yeiris With power, etc. At Perth the xxix. day of Julij the
yeir of God j<sup>m</sup> v<sup>c</sup> fourescoir thre yeiris.
<p style="text-align:right;">Per Signaturam.<sup>3</sup><ref name="Proceedings vol. 3 p. 285" /></p>

XIII. Jul. 30, 1662. Joannes M<sup>c</sup>Keanzie de Aplecroce, hcerea masculus
Alexandri M<sup>c</sup>Keanzie de Coull ''avi''—in terris de Aplecroce comprehendentibus
villas et terras de Baessolis vulgo vocatis Over and Nether Bassolis,
Besker, Toskag, Barradaill, Longoll, Eeppach, Auchmoir, Sacadaill,
Drumley, Culmoir, Tercherrie, Drumclaughan, Eirktoun de Aplecroce,{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/285/mode/1up 285]}}

<small>
# Reg. Sec. Sig., vol xxxviii. fol. 119.
# Ibid., vol. xliij. fol. 100.
# Ibid., vol. xlix. fol. 165.
</small>

Killiemoirie, Culduakle, Ardestag, Schildag, Sacrell, Testang, Sadilack,
Auchiechork, et Culnakle, cum advocacione ecdesie de Aplecroce infra
paioohiam de Aplecroce et epiacopatum Rossensem.<sup>1</sup><ref name="Retours vol. 2 R & C 117" />

<center>{{smallcaps|ii. lochcarron.}}</center>

A parish in the south-west of Ross-shire, adjoining Applecross on the
east.

In reference to its patron saint, it was sometimes designated ''Chomhrich''
''Mulruy'' that is, “Maelrubha's Sanctuary,” and sometimes ''Clachan''
''Mulruy'', “Maelrubha's Hamlet.”<sup>2</sup>

A small eminence within view of the manse of Lochcarron is called
''Suidhe Maree'', or “Maelrubha's Seat.”

It is a curious circumstance that the venerable minister of this parish
has two sons ministers of two other of St Maelrubha's churches—namely,
Contin and Urquhart.

<center>{{smallcaps|iii. gairloch. }}</center>

A large parish in Ross-shire, next to Applecross, on the north. Its
most remarkable feature is the long narrow lake, extending eighteen
miles in a north-westerly direction, and called after the patron saint,
''Loch Maree''. In records of the seventeenth century, this name appears
in the forms ''Lochmaroy, Loch Mairray, Loch Marie''.<sup>3</sup> It was derived
from the principal island in the lake, called ''Inis Maree''—''i.e.'', “Maelrubha's
Island”—where there formerly existed an oratory of the saint.
Ere the lake received this name, it was called Loch Ewe, and abundant
traces of this earlier appellation exist in the neighbouring district.<sup>4</sup>{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/286/mode/1up 286]}}

<small>
# Inquis. ad Capellam Dom. Regis Retorn. Vic. Ross., No. 117.
# Orig. Par., vol. ii. pt. 2, p. 898.
# Retours of 1688, 1678, 1697, Ross., Nos. 87, 180, 162; Or. Par., ii. 2, p. 407.
# 1. At the south-east end of the lake is ''Kinlochew'', “Head of Loch Ew.” 2. On the eastern shore, opposite Inis Maree, is ''Lettir-Ew'', “The Holm of Ew,” and ''Port Lettirew'', 3. The stream which runs from the lake into the sea is the Water of Ew (Or. Par., ii. 2, 407). 4. The bay which it enters is now ''Loch Ew''. 5. In the loch is ''Loch Ew''. 6. At its head, opposite the sea, is ''Poolew''. 7. A little north is ''Inverew''.
</small>

The island, which is situated about the middle of the loch, has an
ancient cemetery, which the inhabitants on the north side continued to
use till the end of the last century. A modern writer speaks of “the
number of tombstones in the burying-place, with inscriptions and hieroglyphical
figures which few now-a-days can satisfactorily decipher.”
In reference to the name, he writes:<sup>1</sup> “About the centre of the loch is
an island called ‘Island Maree,’ on which is a burying-ground supposed
to be dedicated to the Virgin Mary; hence the name of the Island and of
the loch. This is one conjecture”—a false one. “Another is, that some
of the Danish kings were buried in this island, and that the original name
of it was ''Eilean nan Righ'', which came to be pronounced ''Eilean Maree''”—
an absurd one. “As it is a doubtful subject, and likely to remain so, a
third conjecture may be ventured: There lived, a great many years ago, in
this part of the Highlands, a great and good man called ''Maree'', who had
his principal residence on this same island. After his death, his admirers
prefixed ''Saint'' to his name. Many of his generous and benevolent
deeds are, to this day, recounted by the people of this and the surrounding
parishes.” An intelligent stranger, who visited the spot in the year
1772, felt no difficulty, however, in arriving at the true derivation.
“Land on that [little isle] called Inch-Maree, the favored isle of the
saint, the patron of all the coast from Applecross to Loch Broom . . . .
In the midst is a circular dike of stones, with a regular narrow entrance:
the inner part has been used for ages as a burial-place, and is still in use.
.... A stump of a tree is shown as an altar, probably the memorial of
one of stone; but the curiosity of the place is the well of the saint;
of power unspeakable in cases of lunacy. The patient is brought into
the sacred island, is made to kneel before the altar, where his attendants
leave an offering in money; he is then brought to the well, and sips
some of thcL holy water: a second offering is made; that done, he is
thrice dipped in the lake; and the same operation is repeated every day
for some weeks: and it often happens, by natural causes, the patient
receives relief, of which the saint receives the credit. I must add, that
the visitants draw from the state of the well an omen of the disposition
of St Maree: if his well is full, they suppose he will be propitious; if
not, they proceed in their operations with fears and doubts: but let the{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/287/mode/1up 287]}}

<small>
# New Stat. Ac., xiv. 2, p. 91.
</small>

event be what it will, he is held in high esteem: the common oath of
the country is by his name: if a traveller passes by any of his resting-places,<sup>1</sup>
they never neglect to leave an offering; but the saint is so moderate
as not to put him to any expence: a stone, a stick, a bit of rag,
contents him. This is the most beautiful of the isles; the others have
only a few trees sprinkled over their surface.”<sup>2</sup>

That this veneration was not extinct in 1836, appears from the incumbent's
report: “On the centre of this island is a deep well, consecrated
by the said ''Saint Maree'' to the following purpose. To this same well
are dragged, ''volens'', ''nolens'', all who are insane, in this or any of the surrounding
parishes; and after they have been made to drink of it, these
poor victims of superstitious cruelty are towed round the island after a
boat by their tender-hearted attendants. It is considered a hopeful sign,
if the well is full at the time of dragging the patient to the scene. In
justice to the people of this parish, it may be stated, that they have not
such an unbounded belief in the healing virtues of the well, and the
other parts of the transaction, as their most distant neighbours appear to
entertain.”<sup>3</sup>

What follows is from the “Inverness Courier” of November the 4th,
1852, and crowns the description:—

“About the centre of the celebrated Loch Maree, a splendid sheet of
water nearly twenty miles long, and of proportionable breadth, is situated
an island called 'Island Maree', on which a certain great and good
man is said to have had his principal residence, the appellation of Saint
having been given to him after his death . . . . In the centre of
this island there is a deep well, which is popularly said to have been
consecrated by the Saint for the use of the insane. On Friday last,
confident in the success of the virtuous properties of the fountain, a
woman, accompanied by a young lad and an idiot daughter, were conveyed
down Loch Maree in a boat, in order to put to the test the restorative
powers of the well. . . . We must premise that, in the district,
it has been maintained that the well lost its efficacy on account of
some profane unbeliever having put a mad dog into it; to the sore vexation{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/288/mode/1up 288]}}

<small>
# These are the ''Suidhes'' already spoken of.
# Pennant's Tour in Scotland, &c., Pt. ii. p. 880 (Chest. 1774).
# New Stat. Ac, xiv. 2, p. 92, note.
</small>

of the presiding genie, who forthwith revoked his blessing. On
this occasion, however, the poor idiot was rowed over to the island, the
mother having obtained assistance from several persons. On reaching
the spot, the unfortunate creature was dragged to the well, and having
been compelled to drink of its water, was put through the ceremonial of
ducking, after which she was towed round the island after the boat, and
after midnight bathed in the loch. The result of all this, it is lamentable
to add, has been, that the hitherto quiet imbecile has become a raving
maniac. That persons should have been got to give their countenance
and assistance to such a proceeding is truly sad, and we trust
that the melancholy result of this attempt will act as a warning to the
district, and destroy the belief in so gross a superstition.”

There is another local commemoration of the Saint in this parish in
''Suidhe Maree'', Maelrubha's Seat, the name of a place between Loch Torridon
and Kinlochew.

<center>{{smallcaps|iv. contin. }}</center>

A parish situated eastwards in Ross-shire, on the way to Dingwall. In
the Breviary of Aberdeen it is called ''Cantan'', and its church alluded to
as one where the memory of St Maelrubha was specially observed.<sup>1</sup>

A fair, called the ''Feil Maree''<sup>2</sup> used formerly to be held here on the
last Wednesday of August, {{smallcaps|o.s.}}, which was familiarly known as
''the August Market'', Some years ago this fair was removed to Dingwall.

The parish church is pleasingly situated on a space of glebe insulated
by the river Rasay. It is an ancient building, but disguised and disfigured
by modern changes.

In the Mains<sup>3</sup> of Coul, about a quarter of a mile from the church, a
little way to the left of the road that leads to Dingwall, is a burying-
ground called ''Praes Maree'', or “Maelrubha's Bush.” Though not{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/289/mode/1up 289]}}

<small>
# Propr. SS. Temp. Estiv., fol. 70.
# ''Feil'', the Irish for a festival, is a modification of the Latin ''Vigilia''. From it comes ''Feilire'', a calendar. A fair held on the Saint's day, or his ''feil'', came itself to be called a ''feil'', like the Irish ''Pattern'', a corruption of ''Patron'' [Saint].
# Called in the old charters ''Meyne, Maneye, Mainzie''. See Orig. Par., ii. 2, pp. 505, 506. The Applecross Mackenzies are a branch of this Coul family.
</small>

employed for interment by any but the family of Coul, it is probably the
re-occupied relict of an ancient cemetery. Sir Greorge Mackenzie, with
his lady, and their son, the late Sir Alexander, were buried here. It is
well enclosed, and kept in very neat order, with shrubs, gravel walks, and
monumental slabs.

<center>{{smallcaps|v. urquhart. }}</center>

Called ''Urquhard'' in the Breviary of Aberdeen. Here, according to
the legend in that work, St Maelrubha was put to death by Norwegian
invaders.<sup>1</sup>

The local tradition preserved here is, that St Maree died in this place;
and though this was not his principal church, the parishioners endeavoured
to detain his body; but that it was eventually removed to Applecross,
as already related under that parish.

Urquhart is situate in the peninsular portion of Ross-shire, at its southeastern
extremity between Cromarty and Moray Firth, called ''the Black''
''Isle''; and is to be distinguished from parishes of the same name in
Inverness and Elgin.

<center>{{smallcaps|vi. strath. }}</center>

The territorial name of a parish in the west of Skye, lying to the south
of Applecross. It was formerly called ''Kilcrist in Askimilruby'', Blaeu
marks ''Askemorruy'' here, and Macfarlane gives ''Askemorruy'' or ''Morruy''.
In all these names we discover the phonetic element of Maelrubha, denoting
his connection with the district.

In this parish there are the remains of a cell at ''Kilmarie'', not as has
hitherto been explained “St Mary's Church,” but “Marie's,” or “Malrubha's
Church.”<sup>2</sup> It is marked as ''Kilmore''<sup>3</sup> on Thomson's map, and is
on the west shore of Loch Slapin, in the Aird of Strath, that is, in the
south-western part of the parish. In Black's County Atlas it is iQore
correctly written ''Kilmaree''.{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/290/mode/1up 290]}}

<small>
# Propr. SS., Temp. Estiv., fol. 70.
# New Stat. Ac, xiv. 1, 805; Or. Par., ii. 1, 844.
# ''Kilmori'' in Old Stat. Ac, vol. xvi. p. 226.
</small>

There is also a cemetery at Ashig,<sup>1</sup> on the north-east coast, halfway
between Broadford and Kyleakin. Near it is ''Tobar-Ashig'', a beautiful
spring. This name, with Maelrubha, is evidently the origin of the compound
''Asi-milruby'' above mentioned.

The tradition is, that St Maree used to preach here, and that he hung
a bell in a tree, where it remained for centuries. It was dumb all the
week till sunrise on Sunday morning, when it rang of its own accord till
sunset. It was subsequently removed to the old church of Strath, where
it ever afterwards remained dumb; and the tree on which it had so long
hung soon after withered away.

<center>{{smallcaps|vii. brackadale. }}</center>

Also in Skye. At the head of Loch Eynort, Blaeu marks ''Kilmolruy'',
in that part of the parish called Minginish.

St Assint was the patron saint of Brackadale proper.

The annual tryst is in September, probably the early part, new style,
or the close of August, old style—that is, about St Maree's day.

<center>{{smallcaps|viii. portree. }}</center>

The principal church on the bay of Portree, in former times owned S.
Columba as patron;<sup>2</sup> but the old church of Ceiltarraglan, situate to the
north of Loch Portree, may have been St Malrubha's.<sup>3</sup> He certainly had
a commemoration in the neighbourhood; for, according to a respectable
authority, there was held in September “Samarive's fair at Keith; and
at Portree, within the Isle of Sky, first Tuesday.”<sup>4</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|ix. arasaig, }}</center>

A parish in Inverness-shire, lying to the north of, and united to Ardnamurchan.
The church was formerly styled ''Kilmolroy in Arisik, or ''Kilmaroy'',
or ''Kilvorie''.<sup>5</sup> “Kilmaria, the walls of which remain at Keppoch
in Arasaig, dedicated to the Virgin Mary.”<sup>6</sup> Which error concerning
the patron saint is continued in a later publication. “At Ardnafuaran{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/291/mode/1up 291]}}

<small>
# Called ''Aisk'' in Old Stat. Ac., xvi. 226.
# See Reeves's Adamnan, p. 189.
# New Stat. Ac., vol. xiv. 1, p. 219.
# Aberdeen Prognostication for 1708.
# Or. Par., ii. 1, p. 200.
# Old Stat. Ac., vol. xx. p. 287.
</small>

in Arasaig, the church of Eilmaria, dedicated to the Virgin Mary.”<sup>1</sup>
Nor is it abandoned in the latest: “The church, dedicated to the Virgin
Mary, stood at Keppach or Ardnafuaran in Arasaig, where its ruins may
still be seen.”<sup>2</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|x. harris. }}</center>

On the west side of the entrance of Loch Seaforth, which is on the
east side of Harris, the map in the “Origines Parochiales” marks, on
earlier authority, ''Malrube''.

The church of St ''Rufus'' is mentioned as on the mainland by Martin,<sup>3</sup>
and Old Statistical Account.<sup>4</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xi. muckairn. }}</center>

On the west side of this parish is ''Kilvary'', situated north-east of
Oban, near the road to Loch Etive.

Among the lands of this parish, in 1532, are mentioned the pennylands
of ''Kilmohrowe'',<sup>5</sup> and in 1601 those of ''Kilmolruy''.

The derivation of this name is misunderstood. “Near the western
boundary of the parish we have ''Kilvarie'', that is, the burial-ground or
church of Marie, or the Virgin Mary.”<sup>6</sup>

In 1518, Sir John Campbell of Calder received the services of the clan
MacDuinlaves and others, who were sworn upon the “mess buik and the
relic callit the ''Arwachyll'' at the iil of Kilmolrue.<sup>7</sup> This relic, which,
as the name imports, was a crozier, may have been kept by the officials
who gave name to ''Ballindore''—that is, ''Baile-an-deoraidh'', “town of the
religious stranger”—situated at the south-west of Kilespicerrill old
church.<sup>8</sup>

There is ''Kilvarie Loch'', and on its west side ''Killarie'', marked on
Thomson's map; but there is a difficulty in fixing the situation of the
isle above mentioned.{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/292/mode/1up 292]}}

<small>
# New Stat. Ac, vii. 2, p. 147.
# Or. Par., ii. 1, p. 200.
# Western Isles, pp. 47, 49.
# Vol. x. p. 877.
# Erroneously written ''Kilmokowe''. Or. Par. ii. 1, 188; ''ib''. p. 184.
# New Stat. Ac, vii 2, p. 617.
# Written Kilmolmolrue in the copy. See “The Book of the Thanes of Cawdor,” p. 129 (Spalding Club, 1869).
# Or. Par., ii. 1, 188.
</small>

<center>{{smallcaps|xii. craignish, }}</center>

A parish about the middle of the west coast of Argyllshire, marked by
Blaeu ''Kilmolrou'', and called in the Retours ''Kilmalrew'' and ''Kilmolrew'',
sometimes ''Kilmorie''.<sup>1</sup>

It is stated, but incorrectly, to have been dedicated to the Virgin
Mary.<sup>2</sup>

The true explanation is ''Cill-Maelrubha'', Maelrubha's church.

It stood between the castle of Craignish and the extremity of the
peninsula Ardcraignish.

<center>{{smallcaps|xiii. kilarrow, }}</center>

A parish of Islay, the church of which was near the centre of the island.
The name passed through the following forms in arriving at its present
disguised shape :<sup>3</sup>—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
''Kilmolrow'' (1500, 1640),<br>
''Kilmoroy'' (1512),<br>
''Kilmarew'' (1554),<br>
''Kilrow'' (Martin, p. 243).<br>
{{col-break}}
''Kilmorow'' (1511),<br>
''Kilmow'' (1538),<br>
''Killerrew'' (1617),<br>
{{col-break}}
''Kilmorrow'' (1511),<br>
''Kilmarrow'' (1548),<br>
''Killerew'' (1661),<br>
{{col-end}}

In Keith's catalogue it is called ''Kilru'' and interpreted ''Cella Ruvii''.<sup>4</sup>
The ambiguity between St Mary and St Malrube is removed in the Appendix to part ii. of the second volume of the “Origines Parochiales.”<sup>5</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xiv. strathlachlan, }}</center>

A parish united to Strachur, on the east side of Loch Fyne, south of
Inverary. In 1593 it was called ''Kilmorie'', and in 1663 ''Kilmoir''; but
in 1680, ''Kilmary''; which last form, coupled with the consideration that
ancient dedications to the Virgin Mary are very rare, if anywhere to be
found, in the Highlands, renders it likely that Maree is the patron
saint.

<center>{{smallcaps|xv. kilmarow, }}</center>

On the west shore of Cantyre, in the union of Killean and Kilchenzie;
and though styled “Ecclesia Sancte Marie” before 1251, yet to be rather{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/293/mode/1up 293]}}

<small>
# Or. Par., ii. 1, p. 99.
# New Stat. Ac., vii. 2, p. 45; Or. Par., ii. 1, p. 96.
# Or. Par., ii. 1, p. 260.
# Or. Par., ii. 1, p. 261.
# Vol. ii. 2, pp. 402, 833.
</small>

referred for its patronage and derivation to St Malrube, as the following
forms clearly indicate:—
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
''Killolrow'' (1600; Blaeu),<br>
''Killorow'' (1695).<sup>1</sup>
{{col-break}}
''Kilmarow'' (1697),
{{col-break}}
''Kilmaro'' (1631),
{{col-end}}

The error concerning the patron saint is rectified in the Appendix to
the third volume of the “Origines Parochiales.”<sup>2</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xvi. forres, }}</center>

A parish in the north of Elgin or Morayshire. Here the saint's festival,
under the compounded name of ''Samarevis's Day'', used to he commemorated
by a fair held on the 27th of August.<sup>3</sup>

Paterson's “Geographical Description of Scotland”<sup>4</sup> (1685) mentions
“Samarvis day in Forres, 27th day” of August; and the old almanacs,
called the “Edinhurgh Prognostications,” notice the same observance as
''Samarevis' Day''<sup>5</sup> or ''Smarevis' Day''.<sup>6</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xvii. fordyce, }}</center>

A parish in the shire of Banff. The annual fair of Kirktown of
Fordyce was held on the feast of St Tallerican or Tarkin, October 30;<sup>7</sup>
but besides this, there was a fair held “at the hill end of Fordyce upon
the last Tuesday of August,"<sup>8</sup> which in an old Aberdeen almanac is
described as “New Summaruff's Fair at Fordyce on last Tuesday” of
August.<sup>9</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xviii. keith, }}</center>

A parish in the shire of Banff. The first time that the parish name appears
on record is in a charter of King Alexander II. ({{smallcaps|a.d.}} 1214-1224),<sup>10</sup>
where it is called ''Kethmalruf'', that is, “Keth of Malruve.” In subsequent
documents the qualifying name is dropped, but the memory of the
saint has been locally preserved to modern times. A writer, treating of{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/294/mode/1up 294]}}

<small>
# Or Par., ii. 1, p. 21.
# Vol. ii. 2, p. 821.
# Collections on Aberdeen and Banff, vol. ii. p. 240
# Page 20.
# Years 1686, 1687, 1618, 1688, 1689, 1690, 1696.
# Ib. 1706, 1709.
# Collections in Aberdeen, vol. i. p. 644; ii. p. 94.
# Edinburgh Prognostication, 1705, 1706, 1709.
# Aberdeen Prognostication, 1708.
# Carta Alexandri II. de terra Kethmalruf. Terra apud Innernaven apud Kethmalruf. Reg. Episcop. Moray, p. 18, No. 25 (Edinb. 1887).
</small>

the parish about the year 1726, says :—“The parish of Keith has for its
tutelar Saint Summarius or Samarive, whose fair is held here on the
first Tuesday in September. I find one of Saint Colm's disciples called
Summarius,<sup>1</sup> in Jonas's Life of Saint Colm quoted in the “Scottish
Historical Library,” p. 233.<sup>2</sup> Mr Thomas Innes takes it to be Saint
Malrubius the Hermit (quhose feast is on the twenty-seventh of August)
called in Irish Sa-Maruve. On Samarevis day (the twenty-seventh of
August) there is a fair at Forres.”<sup>3</sup> Another description, written about
1742, says:—“In this town is a weekly market, held upon Fridays; and
about a quarter of a mile southward from it, near a small moss, is held a
great fair upon the first Tuesday of September yearly, called Summer
Eves Fair, which is said to be the greatest of its kind in Scotland.”<sup>4</sup>
Concerning which we find it stated at a later date:—An annual fair “in
September, of very old standing, and which some sixty or seventy years
ago was the general mart for merchant goods from Aberdeen to Kirkwall;
it is still the best frequented market in the north for black cattle
and horses.”<sup>5</sup> So great was the concourse of people there, that “there
was not accommodation for them, and they occupied the barns and outhouses
in the country for many miles round.”<sup>4</sup>

In the old Edinburgh Almanacs of 1685, 1687, 1692, 1696, 1705,<sup>7</sup>
among the fairs of September is “''Samarevis'' in Keith, the first Tuesday;"—
called ''Samervis'' in those of 1686, 1689; ''Smarivis'' in that of
1690; and ''Samarvis'' in Paterson's Geographical Description.<sup>8</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xix. kinnell, }}</center>

A parish in Forfarshire. In a charter dated June 2, 1509, Master{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/295/mode/1up 295]}}

<small>
# See Jonas's Life of S. Columbanus, cap. x., in Messingham's Florilegium, p. 224, ''b''; and in that very rare work, Fleming's Collectanea, p. 224, ''a''. In the former the name is printed ''Soniarius'', in the latter ''Sognicharius''—some MSS. reading ''Soniarius'' and ''Somarius''. But it evidently has no connection whatever with the name in question.
# Bp. Nicolson's Scottish Historical Library, p. 65 (ed. Lend. 1776), where the author ignorantly confounds Colnmbanus of Bobio with St Columba, and indeed makes a disgraceful mess of the whole subject.
# Historical Collections on Aberdeen, &c., vol. ii. p. 240.
# Ib. p. 241.
# Old Stat. Ac., vol. v. p. 421.
# New Stat. Ac., xiii. p. 390.
# New Edinburgh Prognostications.
# Edinburgh, 1685.
</small>

George Sterling of Esterbrekky and Patrick Sterling, his brotber-german,
with consent of Lord Ogilvy of Airlie, and of David Sterling, son and
heir-apparent of Mr George Sterling, give to St Mary the Virgin, to St
Peter and Paul the Apostles, and to ''S. Malrubius the Confessor'', and to a
chaplain serving in the parish church of Kynnell at the altar of the
blessed Virgin, an annual rent of L.IO from the lands of Esterbrekky.
Charter confirmed by James IV. 12 Mar. 1512-13.<sup>1</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xx. crail, }}</center>

A parish in the eastern extremity of Fife. “It is generally believed
that Crail was at one time the seat of a priory, &c., dedicated to St
Bufus.”<sup>2</sup>

There was also a chapel within the castle of Crail dedicated to St
Rufus, which had teinds belonging to it, both parsonage and vicarage.<sup>3</sup>

<center>{{smallcaps|xxi. lairg. }}</center>

To the above may possibly be added Lairg, a parish in the mid-south
of Sutherlandshire. Here, in Loch Shin, is ''Island Murie'', and on the land
''St Murie's Fair''.<sup>4</sup>{{sfn|Reeves|1862|p=[https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/296/mode/1up 296]}}

<small>
# Gen. Hutton's MSS, Advoc. Libr., from the orig. chart.
# New Stat. Ac., ix. i. p. 964.
# Ib. ib.
# Or. Par., ii. 698, 700.
</small>
|text_reader=TRUE
|name=
|place=
|related_documents=Source:Irish Ecclesiastical (Ancient Irish Missionaries);Source:Scottish Historical Review (Saint Maolrubha)
|related_topic=
|sort=
}}{{Timeline subobject
|event_name=Main
|entry_precedence=
|document_type=Journal article
|date=14 Jun 1859
|person_page=William Reeves (bishop)
|place_page=St. Maelrubha's monastery at Aporcrosan
|related_topic=Timeline of Earl of Ross references
|timeline={{date|14 Jun 1859|dmy}} - [[William Reeves (bishop)|William Reeves]] presented to the [[Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] his research on the location of [[Máel Ruba|St Maelrubha]]'s church at [[St. Maelrubha's monastery at Aporcrosan|Apercrossan]] in the west of Scotland. In it, he states that, "the church-lands of Applecross became an heirloom in one family, which family, namely O'Beollain, furnished the recipient of the first-created earldom of Ross." This was the beginning of the story that {{Fearchar}}, Earl of Ross, was of a family of lay-abbots of Applecross.
|citation=[[#CITREFReeves1862|Reeves 1862]], p. [https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/258/mode/1up 258].
|citation_name=Proceedings vol. 3 p. 258
}}{{Timeline subobject
|entry_name=
|entry_precedence=3
|document_type=Journal article
|date=1862
|person_page=William Reeves (bishop)
|place_page=St. Maelrubha's monastery at Aporcrosan
|related_person=
|related_place=
|related_topic=Timeline of Earl of Ross references
|timeline=1862 - [[William Reeves (bishop)|William Reeves]]'s article claiming that {{Fearchar}}, Earl of Ross, was of the family that came to be lay-abbots of [[St. Maelrubha's monastery at Aporcrosan|Applecross]] was first published in the [[Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (vol. 3)|Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]].
|citation=[[#CITREFReeves1862|Reeves 1862]], p. [https://archive.org/details/proceedingssoci19unkngoog/page/258/mode/1up 258].
|citation_name=Proceedings vol. 3 p. 258
}}
[[Category:Erroneous genealogy]]

Source:Proceedings (Saint Maelrubha)/sandbox

2026-10-01T06:15:35Z

Redheadkelly: Blanked the page

Main Page

2026-09-29T06:17:29Z

Redheadkelly:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="opacity:0;position:absolute;">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}{{#switch:
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<div>
[[File:Ross Surname Project tree wordmark.svg|center|377px|link=]]
==The Ross Surname Project aims to identify distinct Ross family lines and extend them using DNA testing and traditional genealogy.==

The [[Ross Surname Project at FamilyTreeDNA]] has identified over [[Y-DNA matched groups|40 distinct Ross]] lines using [[Ross Surname Project at FamilyTreeDNA#Current results|Y-DNA test results]] from male Ross descendants. The goal of this project is to use these results, along with results from [[AncestryDNA]], [[23andMe]], and [[MyHeritage]], etc., to sort out the genealogies of each of these Ross families.
[[File:Ross Ancient.svg|right|75px|link=Mac an t-Sagairt Earls of Ross]]
Ross is a surname with a deep history in the British Isles. It is most often associated with [[Fearchar, Earl of Ross|Fearchar Mac an t-Sagairt]], the original [[Earl of Ross]] of his line and patriarch of [[Clan Ross]]. They were a powerful highland family whose descendants married into the family of [[Robert the Bruce]] and [[Robert II of Scotland]]. [[Y-DNA]] results from Hugh Ross, son of the late chief of Clan Ross, [[David Campbell Ross of Ross and Shandwick (1934-2024)|David Campbell Ross]], and direct descendant of Fearchar, Earl of Ross, match the project's [[Y-DNA R Haplogroup - Family 02|R Haplogroup - Family 02]]. Members of this group share a common ancestor who came from Norway to the west of Scotland and the Isle of Man about the time of the Viking invasions.

<div aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">
[[File:Ross Halkhead.svg|right|75px|link=Ross of Halkhead]]
[[File:De Ros.svg|right|75px|link=Roos of Helmesley]]
[[File:Rose Ancient.svg|right|75px|link=Rose of Kilravock]]
</div>There were also several medieval Ros families, including [[Ross of Halkhead]] in Renfrewshire, [[Roos of Hamlake]] at Helmsley in Yorkshire, and [[Rose of Kilravock]] in Nairnshire. Older writers often treated them as a single family descended from a follower of [[William the Conqueror]] and named for Rots in Normandy, but only a [[Ros of Kent|Ros family in Kent]] can be tied to Rots. The Hamlake family took its name from Roos in Holderness, and the Halkhead family descends from Ros landholders recorded in Ayrshire from about 1170. Whether any of these families shared a common ancestor is not known. {{Hugh 1st Kilravock}}, was the patriarch of [[Clan Rose]], and several members of the project's [[Y-DNA R Haplogroup - Family 01|R Haplogroup - Family 01]] trace their lines to his direct descendant {{Hugh 8th Kilravock}}. Their Y-DNA links them to two other large Ross branches whose medieval ancestors have not yet been identified. Another primary goal of the project is to learn whether those branches descend from the other Ros families.

DNA testing tells us nothing without reliable, well-sourced family trees. Many trees posted to the internet connect back to the original Earls of Ross, even though [[Fearchar, Earl of Ross#DNA results|Y-DNA results]] are telling us that descendants in these trees are not a match to each other. This requires us to take a fresh look at these trees by returning to the original documents. Therefore, an additional goal of this project is to collect & document all the original source material that was used to construct these trees before they were uploaded to the internet and the source citations were lost. Taking a second look at these trees might give us the opportunity to identify previously unidentified family connections and connect back even further to previous generations.

<div style="clear: both;"></div>

<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row">
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:OOjs UI icon lightbulb-warning.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> Where to start</span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items">
* I am a [[Where to start#Autosomal results|Ross descendant]] who has done [[Autosomal DNA testing#Participant|DNA testing]] at [[AncestryDNA]], [[23andMe]], [[MyHeritage]], etc.
* I am a [[Where to start#Y-DNA results|Ross male]] who has done [[Y-DNA testing]] at [[FamilyTreeDNA]]
* I am a [[Where to start#mtDNA results|matrilineal descendant]] of a Ross female who has done [[mtDNA testing]]
* I am a [[Where to start#I don't have DNA results|Ross descendant]] who has not yet done DNA testing
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:Dna-icon.png|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span>DNA testing </span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items">
DNA testing for Ross descendants
* Comparing [[DNA testing companies]]
* Joining the [[Ross Ancestor Project]] at [[GEDmatch]]
* Ross ancestors confirmed using [[Autosomal results|DNA test results]] from [[AncestryDNA]], [[23andMe]], [[MyHeritage]], etc.
[[Y-DNA]] testing for male Ross descendants
* [[Ross Surname Project]] at [[FamilyTreeDNA]]
* Ross lines determined by [[Ross Surname Project at FamilyTreeDNA#Current results|Y-DNA testing]]
[[mtDNA]] testing for [[matrilineal]] Ross ancestors
* [[Ross Surname Project]] at [[FamilyTreeDNA]]
* Female Ross ancestors confirmed by [[mtDNA results|mtDNA testing]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:OOjs UI icon browser-ltr-destructive.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> Using this website</span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items">
This website contains articles on:
* [[:Category:Ross ancestors|Ross ancestors]]
* [[DNA results]]
It contains entries from common sources:
* [[:Category:Books|Books]]
* [[:Category:Websites|Websites]]
* [[:Category:Library catalogs|Library catalogs]]
It also functions as a database:
* Search for articles based on [[:Category:Stable_properties|properties]] assigned to them
* Click [[Special:Browse|Browse properties]] from the Tools menu at the bottom of an article

</div>
</div>
</div>

<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row">
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:OOjs UI icon ongoingConversation-ltr-destructive.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> Get help and contribute</span></h3>
<div id=mainpage-help-contribute" title="Support and Contributing" class="items">
* Each article has an accompanying [[Collaborate|Discussion tab]]
** These discussions are used to ask questions or suggest edits
** In order to participate in a discussion, it is necessary to create a [[Special:CreateAccount|User account]]
[[File:2021 Facebook icon.svg|20px|text-bottom|link=https://www.facebook.com/groups/rosssurnamedna/]] Join the [https://www.facebook.com/groups/rosssurnamedna/ Ross Surname Project] Facebook group.
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:Echo (Notifications) megaphone orange.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> News</span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items">{{Show news}}</div>
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| #default=
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Main Page

2026-09-29T06:02:18Z

Redheadkelly:

{{DISPLAYTITLE:<span style="opacity:0;position:absolute;">{{FULLPAGENAME}}</span>}}{{#switch:
| =
<templatestyles src="Template:Main_page/styles.css" />
<div>
[[File:Ross Surname Project tree wordmark.svg|center|377px|link=]]
==The Ross Surname Project aims to identify distinct Ross family lines and extend them using DNA testing and traditional genealogy.==

The [[Ross Surname Project at FamilyTreeDNA]] has identified over [[Y-DNA matched groups|40 distinct Ross]] lines using [[Ross Surname Project at FamilyTreeDNA#Current results|Y-DNA test results]] from male Ross descendants. The goal of this project is to use these results, along with results from [[AncestryDNA]], [[23andMe]], and [[MyHeritage]], etc., to sort out the genealogies of each of these Ross families.
[[File:Ross Ancient.svg|right|75px|link=Mac an t-Sagairt Earls of Ross]]
Ross is a surname with a deep history in the British Isles. It is most often associated with [[Fearchar, Earl of Ross|Fearchar Mac an t-Sagairt]], the original [[Earl of Ross]] of his line and patriarch of [[Clan Ross]]. They were a powerful highland family whose descendants married into the family of [[Robert the Bruce]] and [[Robert II of Scotland]]. [[Y-DNA]] results from Hugh Ross, son of the late chief of Clan Ross, [[David Campbell Ross of Ross and Shandwick (1934-2024)|David Campbell Ross]], and direct descendant of Fearchar, Earl of Ross, match the project's [[Y-DNA R Haplogroup - Family 02|R Haplogroup - Family 02]]. Members of this group share a common ancestor who came from Norway to the west of Scotland and the Isle of Man about the time of the Viking invasions.

<div aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">
[[File:Ross Halkhead.svg|right|75px|link=Ross of Halkhead]]
[[File:De Ros.svg|right|75px|link=Roos of Helmesley]]
[[File:Rose Ancient.svg|right|75px|link=Rose of Kilravock]]
</div>There were also Ros families, including [[Ross of Halkhead]], [[Roos of Hamlake]], and [[Rose of Kilravock]], whose ancestors are thought to have came to southern England with [[William the Conqueror]]. These families are said to take their name from the town of Ros in Normandy. {{Hugh 1st Kilravock}}, was the patriarch of [[Clan Rose]]. Several project participants can trace their lines back to his direct descendant {{Hugh 8th Kilravock}}. Another primary goal of the project is to identify descendants of these other Ros families and confirm their connection to the Kilravock descendants.

DNA testing tells us nothing without reliable, well-sourced family trees. Many trees posted to the internet connect back to the original Earls of Ross, even though [[Fearchar, Earl of Ross#DNA results|Y-DNA results]] are telling us that descendants in these trees are not a match to each other. This requires us to take a fresh look at these trees by returning to the original documents. Therefore, an additional goal of this project is to collect & document all the original source material that was used to construct these trees before they were uploaded to the internet and the source citations were lost. Taking a second look at these trees might give us the opportunity to identify previously unidentified family connections and connect back even further to previous generations.

<div style="clear: both;"></div>

<div id="audiences" class="mainpage_row">
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:OOjs UI icon lightbulb-warning.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> Where to start</span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-admins" title="System administrators" class="items">
* I am a [[Where to start#Autosomal results|Ross descendant]] who has done [[Autosomal DNA testing#Participant|DNA testing]] at [[AncestryDNA]], [[23andMe]], [[MyHeritage]], etc.
* I am a [[Where to start#Y-DNA results|Ross male]] who has done [[Y-DNA testing]] at [[FamilyTreeDNA]]
* I am a [[Where to start#mtDNA results|matrilineal descendant]] of a Ross female who has done [[mtDNA testing]]
* I am a [[Where to start#I don't have DNA results|Ross descendant]] who has not yet done DNA testing
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:Dna-icon.png|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span>DNA testing </span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-users" title="Users" class="items">
DNA testing for Ross descendants
* Comparing [[DNA testing companies]]
* Joining the [[Ross Ancestor Project]] at [[GEDmatch]]
* Ross ancestors confirmed using [[Autosomal results|DNA test results]] from [[AncestryDNA]], [[23andMe]], [[MyHeritage]], etc.
[[Y-DNA]] testing for male Ross descendants
* [[Ross Surname Project]] at [[FamilyTreeDNA]]
* Ross lines determined by [[Ross Surname Project at FamilyTreeDNA#Current results|Y-DNA testing]]
[[mtDNA]] testing for [[matrilineal]] Ross ancestors
* [[Ross Surname Project]] at [[FamilyTreeDNA]]
* Female Ross ancestors confirmed by [[mtDNA results|mtDNA testing]]
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:OOjs UI icon browser-ltr-destructive.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> Using this website</span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-devs" title="Developers" class="items">
This website contains articles on:
* [[:Category:Ross ancestors|Ross ancestors]]
* [[DNA results]]
It contains entries from common sources:
* [[:Category:Books|Books]]
* [[:Category:Websites|Websites]]
* [[:Category:Library catalogs|Library catalogs]]
It also functions as a database:
* Search for articles based on [[:Category:Stable_properties|properties]] assigned to them
* Click [[Special:Browse|Browse properties]] from the Tools menu at the bottom of an article

</div>
</div>
</div>

<div id="misc-news" class="mainpage_row">
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:OOjs UI icon ongoingConversation-ltr-destructive.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> Get help and contribute</span></h3>
<div id=mainpage-help-contribute" title="Support and Contributing" class="items">
* Each article has an accompanying [[Collaborate|Discussion tab]]
** These discussions are used to ask questions or suggest edits
** In order to participate in a discussion, it is necessary to create a [[Special:CreateAccount|User account]]
[[File:2021 Facebook icon.svg|20px|text-bottom|link=https://www.facebook.com/groups/rosssurnamedna/]] Join the [https://www.facebook.com/groups/rosssurnamedna/ Ross Surname Project] Facebook group.
</div>
</div>
<div class="mainpage_box">
<h3><span class="header_icon" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation">[[File:Echo (Notifications) megaphone orange.svg|20px|middle|link=]]</span><span> News</span></h3>
<div id="mainpage-news" title="News" class="items">{{Show news}}</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
| #default=
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Source:Marriage bonds (Mecklenburg County, early to 1868)

2026-09-07T03:46:49Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{FamilySearch document
|document_type=Marriage abstracts
|volume_title=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina marriage bonds, early to 1868
|catalog_no=192988
|format=Microfilm 35mm
|language=English
|physical=1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.
|collection=
|locality_subjects=United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg - Vital records
|film_title=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina marriage bonds, early to 1868
|film_number=422158
|image_group_no=4364068
|author=Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Genealogical Department
|title=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina marriage bonds, early to 1868
|publisher=Filmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah
|publication-place=Salt Lake City, Utah
|year=1966
|oclc=
|related_documents=
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|notes=
|footnotes=
|bibliography=
|sort=
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|husband_entry_name=F(rancis) M(adison) Ross
|husband=
|wife_entry_name=Dorcas N. Gilmore
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|abstract=Marriage bond for Francis Madison Ross & Docas N. Gilmore issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman James A. Jonson. Witness B. Oates, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HNH?lang=en p. 214].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 214
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|abstract=Marriage bond for James Ross & Deborah Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Alexander Owens. Witness Isaac Alexander.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HNH?lang=en&i=486&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 214].
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|abstract=Marriage bond for James Ross and Anne Montgomery issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Dr. Robt. McKenzie.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HNH?lang=en&i=486&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 214].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 214
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|husband_entry_name=James C(olman) Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for James Colman Ross and [Unknown} Rogers issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman John Henderson. Witness Isaac Alexander.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HNH?lang=en&i=486&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 214].
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|abstract=Marriage bond for James N. Ross and Mary L. Wilson issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman F. H. Maxwell. Witness B. Oates, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HNH?lang=en&i=486&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 214].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 214
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|husband_entry_name=John Ross
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|wife_entry_name=Hannah Harris
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|abstract=Marriage bond for John Ross and Hannah Harris issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Saml. Harris. Witness Jno. Harris.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HNH?lang=en&i=486&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 214].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 214
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|abstract=Marriage bond for John Ross and Susana Porter issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Witness Isaac Alexander, C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HNH?lang=en&i=486&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 214].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 214
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=12 Jun 1816
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|husband_entry_name=John Ross
|wife_entry_name=Hannah Montgomery
|abstract=Marriage bond for John Ross and Hannah Montgomery issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman William Allison. Witness Isaac Alexander.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
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}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=19 Nov 1839
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|husband_entry_name=John P. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Sarah A. Matthews
|abstract=Marriage bond for John P. Ross and Sarah A. Matthews issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman J. E. Sample. Witness B. Oates, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{timeline subobject
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|date=8 Jan 1858
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=John P. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Sarah Oliver
|timeline=January 8, 1858 - Marriage bond for John P. Ross and Sarah Oliver issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Robert M. Oates. Witness W. K. Reid, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|husband_entry_name=John P. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Sarah Oliver
|abstract=John P. Ross and Sarah Oliver married by J. Rumple, M.G.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|husband_entry_name=Joseph C. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Jane Oliver
|abstract=Marriage bond for Joseph C. Ross and Jane Oliver issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Franklin Edmonds.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=19 Feb 1822
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Joseph W. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Sophia C. Springs
|abstract=Marriage bond for Dr. Joseph W. Ross and Sophia C. Springs issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Robert H. Morrison. Witness Isaac Alexander.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=10 Jul 1850
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Joseph W. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Elizabeth T. A. Price
|abstract=Marriage bond for Joseph W. Ross and Elizabeth T. A. Price issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman John L. Watson. Witness B. Oates, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=11 Mar 1830
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Peter E. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Sarah C. McIntire
|abstract=Marriage bond for Peter E. Ross and Sarah C. McIntire issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Ezekiel Elms. Witness B. Oates.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=3 Dec 1823
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Reuben E. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Mary Hipp
|abstract=Marriage bond for Reuben E. Ross and Mary Hipp issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman John Hall. Witness Isaac S. Alexander.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=30 Oct 1848
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Robert A. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Mary Jane Grier
|bondsmen=Francis M. Ross
|abstract=Marriage bond for Robert A. Ross and Mary Jane Grier issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Francis M. Ross. Witness Samuel J. Lourie.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
|entry_precedence=9
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|date=27 May 1841
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=William Ross
|wife_entry_name=Nancy H. Patton
|abstract=Marriage bond for William Ross and Nancy H. Patton issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman John Walker.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
|entry_precedence=10
|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=18 Dec 1850
|date_format=mdy
|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=William J. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Margaret N. Harrison
|abstract=Marriage bond for William J. Ross and Margaret N. Harrison issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Thos. A. Sales. Witness Samuel J. Lourie, J.P.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=24 Jul 1855
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=William M. Ross
|wife_entry_name=Margaret T. Pool
|abstract=Marriage bond for William M. Ross and Margaret T. Pool issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman James McConnel. Witness W. K. Reid, C.C.C. Married 24 Jul 1855 by R. H. Lafferty, M.G.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H4V?lang=en&i=487&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 215].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 215
}}{{Timeline subobject
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|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=6 Sep 1851
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|timeline=September 6, 1851 - Marriage bond for Abijah F. Alexander and Esther A. Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Stanhope W. Alexander. Witness James Parks.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-WXF?view=index&lang=en p. 2].
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|abstract=Abijah F. Alexander and Esther A. Ross married by Walter W. Pharr.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-WXF?view=index&lang=en p. 2].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 2
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|date=29 December 1789
|date_format=mdy
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|husband_entry_name=Daniel Bean
|wife_entry_name=Sarah Ross
|bondsmen=William Ross Sr. of Rocky River
|abstract=Marriage bond between [[Daniel Bain (1760-1838)|Daniel Bean]] and Sarah Ross in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman [[William Ross Sr. of Rocky River|William Ross]].
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-W7Y?lang=en p. 16].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 16
}}{{Timeline subobject
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|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=25 May 1866
|place_page=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
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|timeline=May 25, 1866 - Marriage bond for William C. Black and Maggie A. Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Leonidas Pierce. Witness Wm. Maxwell, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-SXS?view=index&lang=en p. 25].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 25
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|husband_entry_name=William C. Black
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|abstract=February 1, 1866 - William C. Black and Maggie A. Ross married by R.Z. Johnston.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-SXS?view=index&lang=en p. 25].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 25
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|husband_entry_name=David H. Green
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|wife_entry_name=Nancy Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for David H. Green and Nancy Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Mathews Bigham. Witness Isaac Alexander.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HZX?view=index&lang=en p. 87].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 87
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=18 Apr 1825
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|husband_entry_name=John M. Harris
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|wife_entry_name=Evalina Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for John M. Harris and Evalina Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Thomas J. Grier. Witness Richard Gillespie Jr.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-4TX?view=index&lang=en p. 96].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 96
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=20 July 1795
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Humphrey Hunter
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|wife_entry_name=Margaret Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for Humphrey Hunter and Margaret Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Samuel Houston.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-9RY?view=index&lang=en p. 115].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 115
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=31 Jan 1828
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=John Hunter
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|wife_entry_name=Hannah Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for John Hunter and Hannah Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Abner Hunter. Witness Eli Springs.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-9RY?view=index&lang=en p. 115].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 115
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=31 Dec 1838
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=William McConnel
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|wife_entry_name=Mary Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for William McConnel amd Mary Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Thomas McConnel. Witness J. Doherty, J.P.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-Q47?view=index&lang=en p. 148].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 148
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=6 Feb 1850
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Robert C. McCrackene
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|wife_entry_name=Martha A. Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for Robert C. McCrackene and Martha A. Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Robert S. Price. Witness B. Oates, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-98V?view=index&lang=en p. 150].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 150
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=29 Apr 1830
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|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=Samuel J. Neel
|husband=
|wife_entry_name=Louisa Ross
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|bondsmen=Francis M. Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for Samuel J. Neel and Louisa Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Francis M. Ross.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-HCQ?view=index&lang=en p. 175].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 175
}}{{Timeline subobject
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|date=28 Oct 1851
|place_page=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
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|timeline=October 28, 1851 - Marriage bond for George D. Parks and Elizabeth Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman H.M. Parks. Witness James Parks.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-S4K?view=index&lang=en p. 185].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 185
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=30 Oct 1851
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|husband_entry_name=George D. Parks
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|wife_entry_name=Elizabeth Ross
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|abstract=George D. Parks and Elizabeth Ross married by Saml. C. Pharr, V.D.M.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-S4K?view=index&lang=en p. 185].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 185
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|date=24 Oct 1832
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|husband_entry_name=William Porter
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|wife_entry_name=Mary Ross
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|abstract=Marriage bond for William Porter and Mary Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman Wlliam Hipp. Witness B. Oates.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-4GY?view=index&lang=en p. 195].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 195
}}{{Timeline subobject
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|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=13 Sep 1859
|place_page=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
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|timeline=September 13, 1859 - Marriage bond for W.M. Stitt and M.E. Ross issued in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman W.W. Grier. Witness W.K. Reid, C.C.C.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-QX3?view=index&lang=en p. 240].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 240
}}{{Marriage subobject
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|document_type=Marriage bond abstract
|date=15 Sep 1859
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|husband_entry_name=W.M. Stitt
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|wife_entry_name=M.E. Ross
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|abstract=W.M. Stitt and M.E. Ross married by J. Rumple, V.D.M.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-QX3?view=index&lang=en p. 240].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 240
}}{{Marriage subobject
|entry_precedence=112
|date=4 September 1799
|date_format=mdy
|county=Mecklenburg County, North Carolina
|husband_entry_name=John Bigham
|wife_entry_name=Agness Ross
|abstract=Marriage bond between John Bigham and Agness Ross in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]]. Bondsman James Bigham. Witness Isaac Alexander.
|citation=[[#CITEREFMecklenburg_County,_North_Carolina_marriage_bonds,_early_to_1868|Mecklenburg County, North Carolina 1868]], [https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HT-XXX7-H73?lang=en&i=288&cc=1726957&groupId=1726957 p. 22].
|citation_name=Mecklenburg County marriage bonds, early to 1868, p. 22
}}

Source:Deed book, North Carolina, Mecklenburg Co. bk. 16 p. 159, Joseph A Ross

2026-09-07T03:46:45Z

Redheadkelly: 1 revision imported

{{FamilySearch document
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|locality_subjects=United States, North Carolina, Mecklenburg - Land and property
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}}{{Timeline subobject
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|timeline=March 7, 1799 - Receipt from John Potts to Joseph A Ross (Horse & saddle).
|citation=Mecklenburg Co. bk. 16 p. 159
|citation_name=Mecklenburg Co. bk. 16 p. 159
}}

Source:Deed book, North Carolina, Mecklenburg Co. bk. 16 p. 159, Joseph A Ross

2026-09-07T02:57:49Z

Redheadkelly:

Source:Marriage bonds (Mecklenburg County, early to 1868)

2026-09-07T02:43:50Z

Redheadkelly:

William Ross of English Buffalo Creek

2026-09-07T01:57:36Z

Redheadkelly:

{{SHORTDESC:Landowner of Mecklenburg/Cabarrus County, North Carolina}}
{{About||the unrelated Rocky River family of Mecklenburg County|William Ross Sr. of Rocky River}}
{{About||William Ross of the Yellow Creek area of southwestern Montgomery County|William B. Ross of Palmyra}}
{{Infobox Ross ancestor
| given_name = William
| middle_name = 
| surname = Ross
| surname_prefix = 
| pre-nominals = 
| post-nominals = 
| title_type = informal
| title_ordinal = 
| title_role = 
| title_particle = of
| title_object = English Buffalo Creek
| honorific_suffix = 
| date_format = mdy
| portrait = 
| landscape = 
| alt = 
| other_image = 
| birth_date = 
| baptized = 
| death_date_range_end = September 14, 1810
| flourished_begin = 
| flourished_end = 
| burial_place = 
| gravestone = 
| residence = Mecklenburg County, North Carolina;Cabarrus County, North Carolina
| years_active_beg = 
| years_active_end = 
| organization = 
| title = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| father = 
| mother = 
| spouses = {{partner|Elizabeth Unknown}};{{partner|Jean Unknown}}
| children = {{plainlist|
* [[Adam Ross]]
* [[Theodore Ross]]
* [[Samuel Ross]]
* [[Robert Ross]]
}}
| family = Rosses of English Buffalo Creek
| immigration_date = 
| immigration_place = 
| sex_chromosomes = XY
| y_matched_group = 
| familysearch = 
| rin = 72840
}}

'''William Ross''' was a landowner of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, later Cabarrus County, married to a woman named Jean. This page exists to record him as a distinct individual from [[William Ross Sr. of Rocky River|William Ross Sr.]] and [[William Ross Jr. of Rocky River|William Ross Jr.]] of Rocky River, the documented ancestors of this project's Rosses of Rocky River family, with whom he shares a name, a general place, and an era.

== DNA evidence ==

=== Y-DNA ===


=== Autosomal DNA ===


== Biography ==
<div class="leafletmap">{{#display_map: geojson=IrishBuffaloCreekMecklenburgCoNC;CoddleCreekMecklenburgCoNC;MecklenburgCoNC1769-1792;CabarrusCoNC1794-2000 |
|layers=Thunderforest.Pioneer
|service=leaflet
}}</div>
A William Ross is found being deeded land lying between English Buffalo and Coddle Creek in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]], as early as June 25, 1764. In 1768, William Ross and his wife Elizabeth deed 56 acres between English Buffalo and Coddle Creek to James Ashmore. In early 1769 we find an additional deed from William and Elizabeth to Hezekiah James Balch for 88 acres on English Buffalo and Coddle Creeks.

No mention is found of him in deed records until a decade later when, on March 20, 1779, William Ross entered a grant for 250 acres on the fourth side of English Buffalow Creek. Several years later, in a deed dated May 19, 1783, William Ross and his wife Jean sold to Seth Rodgers 250 acres on English Buffalo Creek.

Are we looking at two separate William Rosses here? An early William married to Elizabeth and second William, potentially a son, married to Jean?

=== Ancestors ===
{{Ancestors & descendants chart
|descendants=
*'''William Ross'''
** m. before October 1768 Elizabeth
** m. before 19 May 1783 Jean
*** Adam Ross
*** Theodore Ross
*** Samuel Ross
*** Robert Ross
}}
No source located for this article documents this William Ross's own parents.

=== Marriage and children ===
William appears first in deeds with wife Elizabeth and later with wife Jean. It's possible that these are two different Williams with two different wives. Land transactions indicate that William had at least four sons - Adam, Theodore, Samuel, and Robert Ross. It's unclear which wife would have been the mother of these children.

=== Occupation ===


=== Military ===


=== Death & burial ===
William was dead before September 14, 1810, when Theodore Ross conveyed to Adam Ross 32½ acres on the west side of Coddle Creek, Cabarrus County, part of a 65-acre tract left to Adam Ross and Theodore Ross by the will of their father.

=== Timeline ===
{{Show timeline|person}}

== Research notes ==
William's land was between what was called, at the time, English Buffalo Creek and Coddle Creek in what eventually became Cabarrus County. Both of these creeks emptied into Rocky River. Just to the east of English Buffalo Creek, another [[William Ross Sr. of Rocky River|William Ross]] owned land on Rocky River.

=== Disputed origins ===


== Common discrepancies ==

== Sources ==
<references />

== Further reading ==


== External links ==


{{Disclaimer}}

William Ross of English Buffalo Creek

2026-09-05T07:03:05Z

Redheadkelly:

{{SHORTDESC:Landowner of Mecklenburg/Cabarrus County, North Carolina}}
{{About||the unrelated Rocky River family of Mecklenburg County|William Ross Sr. of Rocky River}}
{{About||William Ross of the Yellow Creek area of southwestern Montgomery County|William B. Ross of Palmyra}}
{{Infobox Ross ancestor
| given_name = William
| middle_name = 
| surname = Ross
| surname_prefix = 
| pre-nominals = 
| post-nominals = 
| title_type = informal
| title_ordinal = 
| title_role = 
| title_particle = of
| title_object = English Buffalo Creek
| honorific_suffix = 
| date_format = mdy
| portrait = 
| landscape = 
| alt = 
| other_image = 
| birth_date = 
| baptized = 
| death_date_range_end = September 14, 1810
| flourished_begin = 
| flourished_end = 
| burial_place = 
| gravestone = 
| residence = Mecklenburg County, North Carolina;Cabarrus County, North Carolina
| years_active_beg = 
| years_active_end = 
| organization = 
| title = 
| height = 
| weight = 
| father = 
| mother = 
| spouses = {{partner|Elizabeth Unknown}};{{partner|Jean Unknown}}
| children = {{plainlist|
* [[Adam Ross]]
* [[Theodore Ross]]
* [[Samuel Ross]]
* [[Robert Ross]]
}}
| family = Rosses of English Buffalo Creek
| immigration_date = 
| immigration_place = 
| sex_chromosomes = XY
| y_matched_group = 
| familysearch = 
| rin = 72840
}}

'''William Ross''' was a landowner of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, later Cabarrus County, married to a woman named Jean. This page exists to record him as a distinct individual from [[William Ross Sr. of Rocky River|William Ross Sr.]] and [[William Ross Jr. of Rocky River|William Ross Jr.]] of Rocky River, the documented ancestors of this project's Rosses of Rocky River family, with whom he shares a name, a general place, and an era.

== DNA evidence ==

=== Y-DNA ===


=== Autosomal DNA ===


== Biography ==
<div class="leafletmap">{{#display_map: geojson=IrishBuffaloCreekMecklenburgCoNC;CoddleCreekMecklenburgCoNC;MecklenburgCoNC1769-1792;CabarrusCoNC1794-2000 |
|layers=Thunderforest.Pioneer
|service=leaflet
}}</div>
A William Ross is found being deeded land lying between English Buffalo and Coddle Creek in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina]], as early as June 25, 1764. In 1768, William Ross and his wife Elizabeth deed 56 acres between English Buffalo and Coddle Creek to James Ashmore. In early 1769 we find an additional deed from William and Elizabeth to Hezekiah James Balch for 88 acres on English Buffalo and Coddle Creeks.

No mention is found of him in deed records until a decade later when, on March 20, 1779, William Ross entered a grant for 250 acres on the fourth side of English Buffalow Creek. Several years later, in a deed dated May 19, 1783, William Ross and his wife Jean sold to Seth Rodgers 250 acres on English Buffalo Creek.

Are we looking at two separate William Rosses here? An early William married to Elizabeth and second William, potentially a son, married to Jean?

=== Ancestors ===
{{Ancestors & descendants chart
|descendants=
*'''William Ross'''
** m. before October 1768 Elizabeth
** m. before 19 May 1783 Jean
*** Adam Ross
*** Theodore Ross
*** Samuel Ross
*** Robert Ross
}}
No source located for this article documents this William Ross's own parents.

=== Marriage and children ===
William appears first in deeds with wife Elizabeth and later with wife Jean. It's possible that these are two different Williams with two different wives. Land transactions indicate that William had at least four sons - Adam, Theodore, Samuel, and Robert Ross. It's unclear which wife would have been the mother of these children.

=== Occupation ===


=== Military ===


=== Death & burial ===
William was dead before September 14, 1810, when Theodore Ross conveyed to Adam Ross 32½ acres on the west side of Coddle Creek, Cabarrus County, part of a 65-acre tract left to Adam Ross and Theodore Ross by the will of their father.

=== Timeline ===
{{Show timeline|person}}

== Research notes ==
William's land was between what was called, at the time, English Buffalo Creek and Coddle Creek in what eventually became Cabarrus County. Both of these creeks emptied into Rocky River. Just to the west of English Buffalo Creek, another [[William Ross Sr. of Rocky River|William Ross]] owned land on Rocky River.

=== Disputed origins ===


== Common discrepancies ==

== Sources ==
<references />

== Further reading ==


== External links ==


{{Disclaimer}}

Template:Infobox Ross ancestor

2026-09-05T06:54:01Z

Redheadkelly:

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</noinclude>

Daniel Bain (1760-1838)

2026-09-05T06:00:49Z

Redheadkelly:

{{SHORTDESC:Husband of Sarah Ross, of Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, and White County, Illinois}}
{{Infobox Ross ancestor
| given_name = Daniel
| middle_name = 
| surname = Bain
| surname_prefix = 
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| date_format = mdy
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| alt = 
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| other_names = Daniel Baine;Daniel Bane;Daniel Bayne;Daniel Bean
| birth_date_circa = 1760
| baptized = 
| death_date = 1838
| flourished_begin = 
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| burial_place = 
| gravestone = 
| residence = Mecklenburg County, North Carolina;Cabarrus County, North Carolina;White County, Illinois;Franklin County, Illinois
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| height = 
| weight = 
| father = 
| mother = 
| spouses = {{partner|Sarah Ross (-aft1829)|1}};{{partner|Susannah Dozier (c1789-1844)|2}}
| children = {{plainlist|
* [[Daniel H. Bain (1794-1868)|Daniel H. Bain]]
* [[George William Bain Sr. (1828-1909)|George William Bain Sr.]]
}}
| family = Rosses of Rocky River
| immigration_date = 
| immigration_place = 
| sex_chromosomes = XY
| y_matched_group = 
| familysearch = 
| wikitree = Baine-144
| rin = 71808
}}

'''Daniel Bain''' (also recorded as Baine, Bane, or Bayne; c. 1760 – 1838) married [[Sarah Ross (-aft1829)|Sarah Ross]], daughter of [[William Ross Sr. of Rocky River|William Ross Sr.]], in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, in 1789. Widowed, he remarried in White County, Illinois, in 1820, and died there in 1838.

== Biography ==

=== Early life and Revolutionary War service ===
According to a county history published in 1883, Daniel Bain was born in 1762 in Virginia, of Scottish descent, and enlisted in the Revolutionary War at about fourteen years of age, serving four years until the war's close; the same account states that he was present at the Battle of Bunker Hill.<ref name="whitecohist">''History of White County, Illinois. History of Illinois'' (Inter-State Publishing Company, 1883), pp. 630–631.</ref> Descendants of his son [[Daniel H. Bain (1794-1868)|Daniel H. Bain]] applied for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution on the strength of this service; the application was recorded under the name "Daniel Bayne" (DAR Ancestor No. A007694), but the DAR was unable to corroborate the service beyond the 1883 county history account.<ref name="whitecohist" /> Daniel Bain's own age at death in 1838 — given as 78 — indicates a birth year of about 1760, slightly earlier than the 1762 given in the county history.<ref name="whitecohist" />

=== Marriage to Sarah Ross, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina ===
On 29 December 1789, Daniel Bain married [[Sarah Ross (-aft1829)|Sarah Ross]] in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina; Sarah's father, William Ross, signed the marriage bond as bondsman.<ref name="Marriage Bonds (Vols. A-C), C.065.60002, image 267 of 1096" /> Daniel Bain was active in land transactions with the Ross family in the years immediately following: in January 1792, his father-in-law, [[William Ross Sr. of Rocky River|William Ross Sr.]], conveyed him 869 acres on Rocky River, Mecklenburg County;<ref name="Mecklenburg Co. bk. 14 p. 24" /> and on 19 April 1793, Daniel Bain, by then of the newly formed Cabarrus County, conveyed those same 869 acres — four tracts, including the original grant No. 3681 tract — to "William Ross, Junior," for £400, witnessed by David McKinley Sr. and William Ross [Sr.]<ref name="Cabarrus Co. bk. 1 p. 38" /> Separately, on 12 April 1798, John Ross and his wife Elizabeth, of Cabarrus County, conveyed Daniel Bain 40 acres on the south side of Rocky River — including an improvement already in Bain's possession — under a land-office patent to John Ross of the same date; this appears to be a land-office grant and immediate resale on the same day. The relationship, if any, of this John Ross to William Ross Sr. of Rocky River's family has not been established.<ref name="Cabarrus Co. bk. 2 p. 515" />

At the Stewart County, Tennessee Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions held at Dover on 3 August 1812, Daniel Bain (by then apparently resident in the same Tennessee community as his in-laws) was one of several men, including Charles Ross, [[Joshua Ross (-aft1835)|Joshua Ross]], and [[Stephen Howell (c1782-bef1860)|Stephen Howell]], ordered to work a stretch of road under the oversight of Charles Ross.<ref name="1812CT">Stewart County, Tennessee Court Minutes, April 1808 – November 1812, p. 155.</ref>

=== Move to Illinois and second marriage ===
Daniel Bain migrated west to White County, Illinois, before the town of Carmi was settled, arriving by 1806.<ref name="whitecohist" /> Sarah Ross Bain had died by this time; Daniel Bain remarried on 12 December 1820, in White County, Illinois, to Susannah Dozier (also spelled Dozer), a widow with six children by her first husband, George Arey (Ary), whom she had married 31 July 1804 in Greenbrier County, (West) Virginia.<ref name="whitecohist" /><ref name="dozermarr">"West Virginia Marriages, 1780–1970," FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FRF5-H35), George Asey and Susannah Dozer, 31 July 1804, Greenbrier County, West Virginia.</ref> Susannah, born about 1788–1789 in Shenandoah County, Virginia, of German descent, had two more sons and four more daughters with Daniel Bain; only one of these, [[George William Bain Sr. (1828-1909)|George William Bain Sr.]], is documented by name and date.<ref name="whitecohist" />

Daniel Bain, Sr., was a member of the Old School Presbyterian Church, and died in 1838, at age 78, in Franklin County, Illinois.<ref name="whitecohist" />

=== Children ===
By Sarah Ross:
* "William Baine", from the same 1829 Stewart County deed used to document Sarah's own parentage, not an independent source naming a son
* [[Daniel H. Bain (1794-1868)|Daniel H. Bain]], born 5 May 1794 in North Carolina, one of twelve children attributed to Daniel Bain's first marriage.<ref name="whitecohist" /> He married Nancy Ann Kennedy on 21 July 1825 in White County, Illinois, served as a private in the 2nd Regiment, Tennessee Western Militia, in the War of 1812, and died 6 December 1868 in Franklin County, Illinois, where he is buried in Phillips Cemetery, Ewing.<ref name="danielhfg">Find a Grave memorial no. 55504171, Daniel H. Bain.</ref>

By Susannah Dozier:
* [[George William Bain Sr. (1828-1909)|George William Bain Sr.]], born 6 July 1828 in Phillips Township, White County, Illinois, married Adaline Madden on 4 December 1850 in Carmi, White County, Illinois, and died 14 October 1909 in Springerton, White County, Illinois.<ref name="georgemarr">"Illinois, County Marriages, 1810–1940," FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:KF2L-P9F), George W. Bane and Adaline Madden, 4 December 1850, White County, Illinois.</ref>
* Two further sons and four further daughters are attributed to this marriage but are not documented by name for this article.<ref name="whitecohist" />

=== Timeline ===
{{Show timeline|person}}

== Research notes ==

== Common discrepancies ==
* A biography of Daniel H. Bain's own grandson, Daniel Bain III, gives his parents as "Daniel Bain, Jr., who served in the War of 1812, and Nancy (Canada) Bain," rather than Daniel H. Bain and Nancy Ann Kennedy; this discrepancy is unresolved.

== Sources ==
<references />

== Acknowledgements ==
* Contains research shared by [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Shoults-17 Janne (Shoults) Gorman] and [https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Franklin-1969 Lisa Franklin].

== Further reading ==


== External links ==


{{Disclaimer}}

Template:Property

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