Source:King Haco's Expedition (MCCLXII)
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| "MCCLXII" The Norwegian Account of King Haco's Expedition (1782) |
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Um sumarit kom bref vestan um haf af Sudrkyiom frá Konongonom. Kærdo their miög um þan úfrid er Jarlin af Ros, ok Kiarnakr son Makamals, ok adrir Skotar höfdo gert í Sudrkyiom þá er þeir foro út í Skid. Brendo bæi ok kirkior, enn drápo mikin fiölþa karla ok kvenna. Ok fva sögdo þeir at Skotar höfdo tekit fmá börnin, ok lögdo á spiótzodda, ok skóko til þefs er þau rendo at höndom þeim ofan, ok köstodo þeim fva daudom assram. Sögdo ok at Skota Konongr ætladi at leggia under fik allar Sudreyiar, ef honom ynniz lif til.[2]
Enn er pessitídindi sretti Hacon Konongr feck honom mikillrar áhyggio, ok bar þetta mál fyrir rád fitt. Enn hvat fern hverr lagdi til, let Hacon Konongr gera útboda bref um vetrin epter Jól of allan Noreg, ok baud út leidangri, bæde at lidi ok viftom fva sem honom þótti landit mefto mega afla. Hann stefndi þeim öllom til mótz vid fig fnem ma um varit í Biörgyn.[3]
In ʃummer there came letters from the Kings of the Hebrides in the Weʃtern ʃeas. They complain'd much of the hoʃtilities which the Earl of Ross, Kiarnach, the ʃon of Mac-Camal, and other Scots committed in the Hebrides when they went out to Sky — They burned villages, and churches, and they killed great numbers both of men and women. They affirmed, that the Scotch had even taken the ʃmall children, and, raiʃing them on the points of their ʃpears, shook them till they fell down to their hands, when they threw them away lifeleʃs on the ground. They ʃaid alʃo, that the Scottish King purpoʃed to ʃubdue all the Hebrides, if life was granted him.[4]
When King Haco heard theʃe tidings, they gave him much uneaʃineʃs, and he laid the caʃe before his council. Whatever objections were made, the reʃolution was then taken, that King Haco should in winter, about Chriʃtmas, iʃʃue an edict thro' all Norway, and order out both what troops and proviʃions he thought his dominions cou'd poʃʃibly ʃupply for an expedition. He commanded all his forces to meet him at Bergen, about the beginning of ʃpring.[5]
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- I Skid. In the Fl. Ms. ístrid e. to war.
- Jarlin af Ros ok Kiarnakr son Makamals. The text here is much vitiated. The author might have read in some Irish accounts, Jarl[6] na Ross (William) M'Kerchar, M'Calom, i.e., the Earl of Ross (William) the ʃon of Ferchard, the ʃon of Malcolm. This William Mac Erchart was a young Hero, and is corruptly called Macentagart by the Scottish hiʃtorians. Or perhaps, three perʃons may be alluded to viz. The Earl of Ross, Kinneach-son (of Kintail), and a MacCamal of Lochaw, all powerful chieftains on the weʃt coaʃt of Scotland. It is, however, not impoʃʃible that Kiarnak, was ʃome ancient chieftain from whom a branch of the Grants was called Clan Chiarnach. The Fl. Ms. for Makamal reads Niachamal which may be a miʃtake for Nial Camal.
- Oc fva saugdo þeir &c. The inhuman practice here deʃcribed, was common in thoʃe times. From the Landnamaboc we learn that Olver firʃt[7] diʃcouraged this cuʃtom. Han let ecki henda born a spióts oddum, fem þá var víkingom tidt ; þvi var hann Olver Barnakall kalladr, i. e. Olver did not permit toʃʃing infants from ʃpear to ʃpear as was uʃual among pirates, and was therefore ʃurnamed Barna kall or the protector of Infants.
- Jol, The great brumal feʃtival among the Scandinavians. Hence the Scotch word Yule, i.e., Christmas.[8]
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Timeline
Below is a list of events that are evidenced by this source. They should appear in the 'Timeline' section of articles about people and places involved in the events.
- 1262 - In summer there came letters from the Kings of the Hebrides in the Western seas. They complain'd much of the hostilities which the Earl of Ross, Kiarnach, the son of Mac-Camal, and other Scots committed in the Hebrides when they went out to Sky. They burned villages, and churches, and they killed great numbers both of men and women. They affirmed, that the Scotch had even taken the small children, and, raising them on the points of their spears, shook them till they fell down to their hands, when they threw them away lifeless on the ground. They said also, that the Scottish King purposed to subdue all the Hebrides, if life was granted him.[4]
<ref name="Haco's Expedition 1782 p. 17" /> - 1782 - In The Norwegian Account of King Haco's Expedition, James Johnstone includes this note about his translation of manuscripts pertaining to the Earl of Ross's ransacking of the Hebrides in 1262: "Jarlin af Ros ok Kiarnakr son Makamals (orig.). The text here is much vitiated. The author might have read in some Irish accounts, Jarl na Ross (William) M'Kerchar, M'Calom, i.e., the Earl of Ross (William) the son of Ferchard, the son of Malcolm. This William Mac Erchart was a young Hero, and is corruptly called Macentagart by the Scottish historians. Or perhaps, three persons may be alluded to viz. The Earl of Ross, Kinneach-son (of Kintail), and a MacCamal of Lochaw, all powerful chieftains on the west coast of Scotland."[9]
<ref name="Haco's Expedition 1782 pp. 146-147" />
Discussion
Rev. James Johnstone published his translation, along with his own notes, in 1782. A hundred years later, Edmund Goldsmid published Johnstone's translation along with additional notes.
Translation
Just for comparison, this is the translation from Google Translate, with some help from The Linguistics Research Center.[1]
About summer a letter came from the west across the ocean from Sudrkyiom from Konongonom. They are very concerned about what the Earl of Ros, and Kiarnakr son of Makamal, and other Scots did in Sudrkiiom when they went out to Skid. Set on fire towns and villages, further killed many men and women. And then they said that the Scots had taken some of the children, and put them on the edge of the fire, and the women ran to the ground to hand them over, and threw them to death. They also said that the Scots King was going to subjugate all of Sudrei if he lived
Still, King Hacon's pessimistic streak caused him great concern, and this matter was brought before the council. Regardless of what everyone suggested, King Hacon had a letter of invitation made in the winter after Christmas for all of Norway, and he offered expeditions, both for men and women, for what he thought the country could obtain. He directed them all to meet us in Biörgyn.
Source citation
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* {{cite book |title= |title-link= The Norwegian Account of King Haco's Expedition (1782) }}{{#set: Has source=The Norwegian Account of King Haco's Expedition (1782)}}
Sources
- ↑ "Old Norse Online". The Linguistics Research Center. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
- ↑ Þórðarson 1782, p. 16.
- ↑ Þórðarson 1782, p. 18.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Þórðarson 1782, p. 17.
- ↑ Þórðarson 1782, p. 19.
- ↑ Þórðarson 1782, p. 145.
- ↑ Þórðarson 1782, p. 146.
- ↑ Þórðarson 1782, p. 147.
- ↑ Þórðarson 1782, pp. 145-146.
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