Template:Cite web

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Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite CiteSeerX}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	Specific-source templates Wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for web sources that are not characterized by another CS1 template. Do not use this template in the "External links" section of articles.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as |isbn= have upper-case aliases like |ISBN=, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then purge the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

For references with author credit {{cite web |url= |title= |last= |first= |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} For references without author credit {{cite web |url= |title= |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}}

Most commonly used parameters in vertical format

{{cite web | url = | title = | last = | first = | date = | website = | publisher = | access-date = | quote = }}

Full parameter set in horizontal format

{{cite web |url= |url-access= |title= |last= |first= |author= |author-link= |last2= |first2= |author2= |author-link2= |date= |year= |orig-date= |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor= |editor-link= |editor-last2= |editor-first2= |editor-link2= |editors= |department= |website= |series= |publisher= |agency= |location= |page= |pages= |at= |language= |script-title= |trans-title= |type= |format= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |doi= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |osti= |pmc= |pmid= |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |access-date= |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |via= |quote= |ref= |postscript=}}

Full parameter set in vertical format

Vertical list	Prerequisites	Brief instructions / notes
{{cite web | url = | url-access = | title = | last = | first = | author-link = | last2 = | first2 = | author-link2 = | date = | year = | orig-date = | editor-last = | editor-first = | editor-link = | editor2-last = | editor2-first= | editor2-link = | department = | website = | series = | publisher = | agency = | location = | page = | pages = | at = | language = | script-title = | trans-title = | type = | format = | arxiv = | asin = | bibcode = | doi = | doi-broken-date= | isbn = | issn = | jfm = | jstor = | lccn = | mr = | oclc = | ol = | osti = | pmc = | pmid = | rfc = | ssrn = | zbl = | id = | access-date = | url-status = | archive-url = | archive-date = | via = | quote = | ref = | postscript = }}           last   last last2           editor-last   editor-last editor2-last                                                                       url  url  url, archive-date archive-url               required   required                                                                                                                       Choosing between Template:cite web and Template:cite news Before 2014, editors had to decide whether to use {{cite web}} or {{cite news}} based on their features. In 2014, most of the differences between the two templates were eliminated. As of Template:Diff, {{cite web}} and {{cite news}} have the following differences: {{cite news}} can be used for offline (paper) sources whereas {{cite web}} generates a missing URL error when no URL is provided {{cite news}} accepts |issue= and |volume= parameters while {{cite web}} does not (See Template:Slink; see also {{cite magazine}}). But given the same set of valid parameters, their output is exactly the same: cite web: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. cite news: Silverman, Dwight (July 15, 2011). "Microsoft envisions a universal OS, but it might not be called Windows". Houston Chronicle. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved May 26, 2015. Examples {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=October 21, 2026}} Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved October 21, 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=21 October 2026}} Doe, John (30 April 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Retrieved 21 October 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2026-10-21}} Doe, John (2005-04-30). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2026-10-21. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |access-date=21 October 2026}} Doe, John. "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 21 October 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |access-date=2026-10-21}} "My Favorite Things, Part II". Retrieved 2026-10-21. {{cite web |url=https://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/nfl-rules-digest/ |title=NFL Rules Digest |website=NFL Football Operations |publisher=[[National Football League]] |access-date=October 21, 2026}} "NFL Rules Digest". NFL Football Operations. National Football League. Retrieved October 21, 2026. Using "format=" When this template detects a link whose URL includes an extension of ".pdf" or ".PDF", typical of PDF files, it automatically displays a PDF icon after the link (regardless of whether the link goes to a PDF file or to an HTML landing page, typical of paysites). It also internally acts as if |format=PDF had been specified, which displays " (PDF)" after the icon. (In this case, an explicit |format=PDF parameter would be redundant, so it is not recommended to add it. Users may remove it. Citation bot, when invoked, will remove it. (ref)) {{cite web |url=https://www.indiapost.gov.in/Pdf/Customs/List_of_Psychotropic_Substances.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=21 October 2026}} "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. Retrieved 21 October 2026. If the link is to a PDF file that is not automatically recognizable by its extension, this template does not display the PDF icon. You may add the parameter |format=PDF, which displays " (PDF)" after the link. {{cite web |url=https://www.sample.com/somePDFdocument.000 |title=Some PDF Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=PDF |access-date=21 October 2026}} "Some PDF Document" (PDF). Sample Int'l. Retrieved 21 October 2026. For links to files in other formats, no icon is displayed. For example, for an .odt file, you may add the parameter |format=ODT, which displays " (ODT)" after the link. {{cite web |url=https://www.sample.com/someODTdocument.odt |title=Some ODT Document |publisher=Sample Int'l |format=ODT |access-date=21 October 2026}} "Some ODT Document" (ODT). Sample Int'l. Retrieved 21 October 2026. Foreign language and translated title {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Honi soit qui mal y pense |last=Joliet |first=François |date=30 April 2005 |access-date=21 October 2026 |language=fr |trans-title=Shame on those who think evil of it}} Joliet, François (30 April 2005). "Honi soit qui mal y pense" [Shame on those who think evil of it] (in français). Retrieved 21 October 2026. Using author-link {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=My Favorite Things, Part II |last=Doe |first=John |author-link=John Doe |publisher=Open Publishing |date=April 30, 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=October 21, 2026}} Doe, John (April 30, 2005). "My Favorite Things, Part II". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved October 21, 2026. Multiple authors {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Our Favourite Things |last1=Doe |first1=John |last2=Smith |first2=Peter |last3=Smythe |first3=Jim |publisher=Open Publishing |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopaedia of Things |access-date=21 October 2026}} Doe, John; Smith, Peter; Smythe, Jim (30 April 2005). "Our Favourite Things". Encyclopaedia of Things. Open Publishing. Retrieved 21 October 2026. No author {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |publisher=Open Publishing |date=2005-04-30 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=2026-10-21}} "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. Open Publishing. 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2026-10-21. No author, no publisher {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=30 April 2005 |website=Encyclopedia of Things |access-date=21 October 2026}} "Index of Sharp Things". Encyclopedia of Things. 30 April 2005. Retrieved 21 October 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.example.org/ |title=Index of Sharp Things |date=April 30, 2005 |access-date=October 21, 2026}} "Index of Sharp Things". April 30, 2005. Retrieved October 21, 2026. {{cite web |url=https://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |access-date=2026-10-21 |language=el}} "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF) (in Ελληνικά). 2005-04-30. Retrieved 2026-10-21. Using "archive-url" and "archive-date" (and optionally "url-status") for webpages that have been archived By default, if "archive-url" is used, the parameter |url-status=dead is assumed and the resulting main link is to the archived version: {{cite web |url=http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |title=List of psychotropic substances under international control |date=2005-04-30 |publisher=International Narcotics Control Board |access-date=2026-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050907150136/http://www.incb.org/pdf/e/list/green.pdf |archive-date=2005-09-07}} "List of psychotropic substances under international control" (PDF). International Narcotics Control Board. 2005-04-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-09-07. Retrieved 2026-10-21. When |url-status=live is specified, the resulting main link is to the original page: {{cite web |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |title=DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive) |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=September 18, 2015 |access-date=September 21, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022181821/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/dc-entertainment-give-classic-batman-824572 |archive-date=October 22, 2015}} "DC Entertainment To Give Classic Batman Writer Credit in 'Gotham' and 'Batman v Superman' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015. With |url-status=unfit or usurped, the original is not linked at all: {{cite web |url=http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/03772.html |title=London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport) |publisher=The Weather Underground |access-date=21 October 2026 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5yo0HaAk7 |archive-date=19 May 2011}} "London, United Kingdom Forecast: Weather Underground (weather and elevation at Heathrow Airport)". The Weather Underground. Archived from the original on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2026.CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) Using quote {{cite web |url=https://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/c.html |title=Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea |website=WebExhibits |date=2008 |access-date=21 October 2026 |quote=...&nbsp;Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins&nbsp;...'}} "Daylight saving time: rationale and original idea". WebExhibits. 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2026. ... Lord Balfour came forward with a unique concern: 'Supposing some unfortunate lady was confined with twins ...' Parameters Syntax Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters: parent OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used) OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used) Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show. By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.). COinS This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text: use |date=27 September 2007 not |date=27 September 2007 (print version 25 September) Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. COinS metadata is created for these parameters Note: This table of metadata is displayed in the documentation of all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. A full list of this template's supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies is shown in the Usage section near the top of this documentation page. |periodical=, |journal=, |newspaper=, |magazine=, |work=, |website=, |encyclopedia=, |encyclopaedia=, |dictionary= |chapter=, |script-chapter=, |contribution=, |script-contribution=, |entry=, |script-entry=, |article=, |script-article=, |section=, |script-section= |title=, |script-title=, |book-title= |publication-place=, |place=, |location= |date=, |year=, |publication-date= |series=, |version= |volume=, |issue=, |number= |page=, |pages=, |at=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= |edition= |publisher=, |institution= |url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |section-url= |author-last=, |author-last#=, |author#-last=, |author-surname=, |author-surname#=, |author#-surname=, |last=, |last#=, |surname=, |surname#=, |author=, |author#=, |subject=, |subject#=, |host=, |host#= |author-first=, |author-first#=, |author#-first=, |author-given=, |author-given#=, |author#-given=, |first=, |first#=, |given=, |given#= |degree= |arxiv=, |bibcode=, |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |doi=, |eissn=, |eprint=, |hdl=, |isbn=, |issn=, |jfm=, |jstor=, |lccn=, |message-id=, |mr=, |oclc=, |osti=, |pmc=, |pmid=, |rfc=, |ssrn=, |s2cid=, |zbl= What's new What's new or changed recently Parameter Description Date author-given= author-first= October 2020 author-surname= author-last= October 2020 display-subjects= display-authors= for usage with |subject= October 2020 interviewer-given= interviewer-first= October 2020 interviewer-surname= interviewer-last= October 2020 orig-date= orig-year= October 2020 quote-page= quote= October 2020 quote-pages= quote= October 2020 sbn= added identifier parameter for Standard Book Numbers April 2020 script-quote= quote= October 2020 subject-mask= author-mask= for usage with |subject= October 2020 s2cid= added identifier parameter for Semantic Scholar corpus ID April 2020 s2cid-access= s2cid= April 2020 title-link= added special tokens none/doi/pmc to override/disable auto-linking ({{cite journal}} only) October 2020 trans-quote= quote= October 2020 accept-this-as-written-markup doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, |sbn= October 2020 Deprecated {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deprecated_params_table}} {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|deleted_params_table}} Description Authors last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. |author=Bono). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1. author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use |first1=...|last1=...|author2=.... author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink. OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link. name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate: |vauthors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in |vauthors= as described above authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last. translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1. translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1. OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn. translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link. OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link. collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list. others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith. Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link. Title type: Provides additional information about the media type of the source. May alternatively be used to identify the type of manuscript linked to in the title, if this is not the final version of a manuscript (e.g. if a preprint of a manuscript is freely available, but the version of record is behind a paywall). Format in sentence case. Displays in parentheses following the title. The reserved keyword none can be used to disable the display of a type. Examples: Thesis, Booklet, Accepted manuscript, CD liner, Press release. Alias: medium. language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: |language=ru; |lang=fr, pt-br; |lang=Russian; |language=French, Portuguese. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: español at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang Date date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the website and publisher. For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: |date=c. 1900. For no date, or "undated", use |date=n.d. The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added. Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as |date=, |publication-date=, |access-date=, |archive-date=, etc.) except for |orig-date= in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details. year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible |date= parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met: The |date= format is YYYY-MM-DD. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator. orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: |orig-date=First published 1859 or |orig-date=Composed 1904. As |orig-date= does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by |df= (or, if it exists in the article, by |cs1-dates= of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the |date= parameter. Alias: orig-year df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these: dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified; mdy – as above for month day, year format ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format; mdy-all – as above for month day, year format ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD Website work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field. script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website. trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website. ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ... When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation: title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes. chapter does not display (and will produce an error message). Publisher publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title. place: For news stories with a dateline, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place, for example, The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time, use the name as stated in the publication or used at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title. publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. If date (or year) is also defined and is different, then publication-date displays preceded by "published" and enclosed in parentheses, following publisher. If date (or year) is not defined, publication-date is displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer (e.g. NewsBank) presents the source in a format different from the original, when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. agency: The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse. Do not use for sources published on the agency's own website; e.g. apnews.com or reuters.com; instead, use work or publisher. May be wikilinked if relevant. Series series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal, where the issue numbering has restarted. In-source locations page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |page=3{{hyphen}}12), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert |page=3-12 to |pages=3{{ndash}}12. Alias: p. OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either |page= or |pages=, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alternatively, use |at=, like this: |at=pp. 3-1&ndash;3-15. Alias: pp. no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where |page=Front cover or |pages=passim. OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by |page= or |pages=. Use only one of |page=, |pages=, or |at=. Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse. For |quote-page= and |quote-pages= used in conjunction with |quote=, see here. URL url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use |isbn= or |oclc= to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message. access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers or published books. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate. archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive and archive.today ; requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by |url-status=live) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl. archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate. url-status: the |url-status= parameter should only be included if an |archive-url= is set (dead links without an archive URL can be marked with {{dead link}}). If |url-status= is omitted, or is specified with a null value, the default value is |url-status=dead. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set |url-status=live; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. If the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set |url-status=deviated. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped suppresses display of the original URL (but |url= and |archive-url= are still required). archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. url-access: format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported. If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with: Character space " ' < > [ ] { | } Encoding %20 %22 %27 %3C %3E %5B %5D %7B %7C %7D Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion. Access-date See Template:Slink. Anchor ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, |ref=ID generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting |ref=ID identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair |ref=harv has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set |ref=none. Aliases: none. Identifiers id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, |id=NCJ 122967 will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as |id={{NCJ|122967}} to append REDIRECT Template:National Criminal Justice reference instead. The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678. arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint. asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN. asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: {{#lst:Help:CS1 errors|asin-tld_values_list}}. Aliases: none. bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none. biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none. citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none. doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below. doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none. eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below. hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL. isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN, isbn13, ISBN13. Use the {{Format ISBN}} template within the parameter – in the form |isbn={{Format ISBN|9780812695939}} – if you are unsure of how any particular ISBN should be hyphenated, as the pattern varies by country and publisher. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below. ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN. issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below. jfm: Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM. jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR. lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN. mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR. oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC. ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL. osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI. pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. . Aliases: PMC. pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none. pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 Aliases: PMID. rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC. sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below. ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN. s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID. zbl: Zentralblatt MATH; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL. In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (|doi=, |eissn=, |isbn=, |issn=, and |sbn=) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as |<param>=((<value>))). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding |<param>-access= parameter. For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when |url= and |title-link= are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for |title-link= to manually select a specific source (|title-link=pmc or |title-link=doi) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (|title-link=none). It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The |url= parameter (or |title-link=) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible. Quote quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote. script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script: ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ... trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none. quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in |page=, |pages= or |at=. Displays preceded by p. unless |no-pp=yes. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. |quote-page=3{{hyphen}}12). Alias: none. OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in |quote=. Use either |quote-page= or |quote-pages=, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in |pages= or |at=. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless |no-pp=yes is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of |quote-pages= without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: |quote-pages=((3{{hyphen}}1{{ndash}}3{{hyphen}}15)). Alias: none. Editors editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1. editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given. OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use |editor-first1=...|editor-last1=... |editor2=.... editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1. OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link). name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate: |veditors=Smythe JB, ((Megabux Corp.)), etal editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in |veditors=, as described above Display: Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included. If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work. If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds." Lay summary These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source. Template:Xtd: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". Template:Xtd: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash. Template:Xtd: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses. Template:Xtd: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by Template:Xtd; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. Display options mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For |mode=cs1, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For |mode=cs2, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript. author-mask: contributor-mask: editor-mask: interviewer-mask: subject-mask: translator-mask: Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. |authorn-mask=) to apply the mask to a specific name. display-authors: display-contributors: display-editors: display-interviewers: display-subjects: display-translators: Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, |display-editors=2 will display only the first two editors (and all authors). |display-authors=0 and |display-editors=0 are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none. postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify |postscript=none – leaving |postscript= empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text, or templates that render more than a single terminating punctuation character, will generate a maintenance message. |postscript= is ignored if quote is defined. Subscription or registration required Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles. Four access levels can be used: access indicator for named identifiers: free: the source is free to read for anyone access indicators for url-holding parameters: registration: a free registration with the provider is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration limited: free access is subject to limited trial and a subscription is normally required subscription: the source is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall") As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link. Access indicators for url-holding parameters Online sources linked by |url=, |article-url=, |chapter-url=, |contribution-url=, |entry-url=, |map-url=, and |section-url= are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free. URL-holding and access-indicator parameters URL Access Allowed keywords |url= url-access= registration limited subscription |article-url= article-url-access= |chapter-url= chapter-url-access= |contribution-url= contribution-url-access= |entry-url= entry-url-access= |map-url= map-url-access= |section-url= section-url-access= For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription: {{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}} which renders as: "Nifty example data". 2021-04-15. Access indicator for named identifiers Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription. Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters Identifier Access Allowed keywords |bibcode= bibcode-access= free |doi= doi-access= |hdl= hdl-access= |jstor= jstor-access= |ol= ol-access= |osti= osti-access= |s2cid= s2cid-access= Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are: |arxiv= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |pmc= |rfc= |ssrn= For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date. TemplateData This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. TemplateData for Cite web Formats a citation to a website using the provided information such as URL and title. Used only for sources that are not correctly described by the specific citation templates for books, journals, news sources, etc. Template parameters This template has custom formatting. Parameter Description Type Status Last name last last1 author author1 author1-last author-last surname1 author-last1 subject1 surname author-last subject The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Line suggested First name first given author-first first1 given1 author-first1 author1-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Line suggested Author link author-link author-link1 author1-link subject-link subject-link1 subject1-link authorlink Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Page name optional Last name 2 last2 author2 The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link2'. Line optional First name 2 first2 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 2 author-link2 author2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. Page name optional Last name 3 last3 author3 The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link3'. Line optional First name 3 first3 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 3 author-link3 author3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. Page name optional Last name 4 last4 author4 The surname of the fourth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link4'. Line optional First name 4 first4 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 4 author-link4 author4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth author. Page name optional Last name 5 last5 author5 The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link5'. Line optional First name 5 first5 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 5 author-link5 author5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth author. Page name optional Last name 6 last6 author6 The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link6'. Line optional First name 6 first6 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 6 author-link6 author6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. Page name optional Last name 7 last7 author7 The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link7'. Line optional First name 7 first7 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 7 author-link7 author7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. Page name optional Last name 8 last8 author8 The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link8'. Line optional First name 8 first8 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 8 author-link8 author8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. Page name optional Last name 9 last9 author9 The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'author-link9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. Line optional First name 9 first9 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link 9 author-link9 author9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. Page name optional Authors list authors people host List of authors as a free form list. Use of this parameter is discouraged, "lastn" to "firstn" are preferable. Warning: do not use if last or any of its aliases are used. String optional Author mask author-mask Replaces the name of the first author with em dashes or text; set to a numeric value 'n' to set the dash 'n' em spaces wide; set to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, 'with' instead String optional Display authors display-authors Number of authors to display before 'et al.' is used. By default, all authors are displayed. Examples: |display-authors=2 will display only the first two authors in a citation followed by et al. |display-authors=etal displays all authors in the list followed by et al. String optional Name list style name-list-style Set to 'amp' or 'and' to change the separator between the last two names of the name list to ' & ' or ' and ', respectively. Set to 'vanc' to display name lists in Vancouver style. Suggested values amp and vanc String optional Source date date Full date when the source was published; if unknown, use access-date instead; do not wikilink Date suggested Year of publication year Year of the source being referenced; deprecated in favor of 'date', except for the special case of ISO dates with disambiguating letter String optional Original date orig-date Original date of publication; provide specifics String optional Editor last name editor-last editor1-last editor The surname of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors. Line optional Editor first name editor-first editor1-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor-link'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors; alias of 'editor1-first' Line optional Editor link editor-link editor1-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor; can suffix with a numeral to add additional editors Page name optional Editor last name 2 editor2-last editor2 The surname of the second editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor2-link'. Line optional Editor first name 2 editor2-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 2 editor2-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second editor. Page name optional Editor last name 3 editor3-last editor3 The surname of the third editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor3-link'. Line optional Editor first name 3 editor3-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 3 editor3-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third editor. Page name optional Editor last name 4 editor4-last editor4 The surname of the fourth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor4-link'. Line optional Editor first name 4 editor4-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fourth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 4 editor4-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fourth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 5 editor5-last editor5 The surname of the fifth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor5-link'. Line optional Editor first name 5 editor5-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 5 editor5-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the fifth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 6 editor6-last editor6 The surname of the sixth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor6-link'. Line optional Editor first name 6 editor6-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 6 editor6-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 7 editor7-last editor7 The surname of the seventh editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor7-link'. Line optional Editor first name 7 editor7-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 7 editor7-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh editor. Page name optional Editor last name 8 editor8-last editor8 The surname of the eighth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor8-link'. Line optional Editor first name 8 editor8-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 8 editor8-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth editor. Page name optional Editor last name 9 editor9-last editor9 The surname of the ninth editor; don't wikilink, use 'editor9-link'. Line optional Editor first name 9 editor9-first Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth editor; don't wikilink. Line optional Editor link 9 editor9-link Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth editor. Page name optional Others others Used to record other (non-author) contributions to the work, such as 'Illustrated by John Smith' or 'Translated by John Smith'. Only one ''others'' parameter is allowed: e.g., 'Illustrated by Jane Doe; Translated by John Smith' String optional Title title The title of the source page on the website; will display with quotation marks added. Usually found at the top of your web browser. Not the name of the website. String required Script title script-title For titles in languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc). Prefix with two-character ISO639-1 language code followed by a colon. For Japanese use: |script-title=ja:... String optional Translated title trans-title An English language title, if the source cited is in a foreign language; 'language' is recommended String optional URL url URL The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found. Requires schemes of the type "https://..." or maybe even the protocol relative scheme "//..." Example https://www.metacritic.com//... URL required URL access level url-access Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') Suggested values registration subscription limited String optional URL status url-status If set to 'live', the title display is adjusted; useful for when the URL is archived preemptively but still live. Set to "dead" or 'usurped' for broken links. Entering 'unfit' or 'usurped' makes the original link not appear at all. Suggested values dead live usurped unfit Default 'dead' if an Archive URL is entered Example 'dead' or 'live' String suggested Archive URL archive-url archiveurl The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archive-date' Auto value URL suggested Archive date archive-date archivedate Date when the original URL was archived; do not wikilink Date suggested Archive format archive-format Format of the archived copy; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML String optional URL access date access-date accessdate The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink Date suggested Name of the website website work Title (name) of the website (or its short URL if no plain-language title is discernible); may be wikilinked; will display in italics. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' is redundant in many cases. Example [[Rotten Tomatoes]] String suggested Series identifier series Series identifier when the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal String optional Publisher publisher Name of the publisher; may be wikilinked. Having both 'publisher' and 'website' (a.k.a. 'work') is redundant in many cases. Example [[CBS Interactive]] (which owns "Metacritic.com") String optional Location of publication location Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked; omit when the publication name includes place; alias of 'place' String optional Page page Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' String optional Pages pages Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source); displays after 'pp.' String optional At at May be used instead of 'page' or 'pages' where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient String optional Language language lang The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name or one of the standard MediaWiki language codes; do not use icons or templates; separate multiple languages with commas (with no 'and' before the last one) Example de, fr, es String optional Type type Additional information about the media type of the source; format in sentence case String optional Format format Format of the work referred to by 'url'; examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML String optional Place of publication publication-place Publication place shows after title; if 'place' or 'location' are also given, they are displayed before the title prefixed with 'written at' String optional Publication date publication-date Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink Date optional Published via via Name of the entity hosting the original copy of the work, if different from the publisher. This entity is committed not to alter the work. Example [[GitHub]], [[SourceForge]], [[CodePlex]], [[YouTube]], [[Vimeo]], [[Dailymotion]], [[Netflix]], [[Archive.org]], [[Wikimedia Commons]], [[grc.com]] String optional No pp no-pp Set to 'y' to suppress the 'p.' or 'pp.' display with 'page' or 'pages' when inappropriate (such as 'Front cover') Auto value y Boolean optional arXiv identifier arxiv An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers String optional ASIN asin Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters String optional ASIN TLD asin-tld ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US String optional Bibcode bibcode Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters String optional biorXiv biorxiv biorXiv identifier; 6 digits Line optional CiteSeerX citeseerx CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter Line optional DOI doi Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' String optional DOI broken date doi-broken-date The date that the DOI was determined to be broken Auto value Date optional ISBN isbn International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible String optional ISSN issn International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen String optional jfm code jfm Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code String optional JSTOR jstor JSTOR identifier String optional LCCN lccn Library of Congress Control Number String optional MR mr Mathematical Reviews identifier String optional OCLC oclc Online Computer Library Center number String optional OL ol Open Library identifier String optional OSTI osti Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier String optional PMC pmc PubMed Center article number String optional PMID pmid PubMed Unique Identifier String optional RFC rfc Request for Comments number String optional SSRN ssrn Social Science Research Network String optional Zbl zbl Zentralblatt MATH journal identifier String optional id id A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable String optional Quote quote Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; must include terminating punctuation String optional Ref ref An anchor identifier; can be made the target of wikilinks to full references String optional Postscript postscript The closing punctuation for the citation; ignored if 'quote' is defined Default . String optional Edition edition Specify the edition or revision of the source, when applicable. For example: '2nd' or '5.1'. What you supply here is suffixed by ' ed.' Example 2nd Line optional Bibcode access level bibcode-access If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional DOI access level doi-access If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional HDL access level hdl-access If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional Jstor access level jstor-access If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional OpenLibrary access level ol-access If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional OSTI access level osti-access If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. Auto value free String optional Agency agency The news agency (wire service) that provided the content; examples: Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse String optional Notes This template produces COinS metadata; see COinS in Wikipedia for background information. Template:Cite web was originally created for use on Wikipedia. It has been adapted for use on this website. Please add categories to the Template:Cite web/doc subpage.